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Alkaline Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (alkaline + single_cell_gel_electrophoresis)
Selected AbstractsDNA damage in peripheral blood leukocytes of physically active individuals as measured by the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assayENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS, Issue 4 2009Gursatej Gandhi Abstract DNA damage induced by physical activity and/or exercise has been reported under different conditions but not for individuals maintaining physical fitness by regular strenuous exercise. Therefore, we compared levels of DNA damage in blood leukocytes of 40 healthy individuals (35 males, 5 females) who regularly exercised in gymnasiums/health clubs and 15 healthy sedentary controls who had never exercised. The former group was selected (after informed consent) on the basis of how long they had been exercising on a regular basis as well as their exercise schedule and regimen. The length of time since starting a regular exercise regimen ranged from 2 months to 9 years, whereas the daily exercise duration ranged from 40 min to 3 hrs and warm-up sessions ranged from none to 90 min. The length of DNA migration (44.66 ± 2.68 ,m in males, 29.62 ± 1.69 ,m in females) and the percentage of cells with tails (79.86 ±1.27% in males, 67.20 ± 0.96% in females) in peripheral blood leukocytes of physically active individuals were increased significantly (P < 0.001) with respect to corresponding values in control males and females (18.85 ± 1.79 ,m, 23.37 ± 3.94 ,m; 24.50 ± 1.98%, 33.00 ± 4.44%, respectively). Highly significant differences for DNA damage were also observed between physically active males and females. These observations, in the absence of any other exposures, indicate a correlation between strenuous exercise to keep fit and increased levels of DNA damage. This finding may have relevance in terms of the ageing process, with diseases associated with aging, and with carcinogenesis. Environ. Mal. Mutagen. 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Inhibitory effect of magnolol on Trp-P-2-induced DNA damage in various organs in micePHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 7 2009Junichiro Saito Abstract Magnolol has been reported to strongly inhibit the mutagenicity induced by indirect mutagens in the Ames test as well as the clastogenicity induced by benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) in the mice micronucleus test. Here, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of magnolol on the DNA damage induced by 3-amino-1-methyl-5H -pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-2) in various organs using the mice alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCG) assay. Animals were treated with a single oral administration of magnolol (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 mg/kg), followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of Trp-P-2 (10 mg/kg). The liver, lung, and kidney were removed at 3 h after treatment and used in SCG assay. The results indicated that magnolol inhibited Trp-P-2-induced DNA damage in various organs. To elucidate the mechanism of this inhibitory effect against Trp-P-2, we investigated the inhibitory effect of magnolol on in vivo CYP1A2 activity using the zoxazolamine paralysis test. Magnolol significantly prolonged zoxazolamine paralysis time and showed an inhibitory effect on in vivo CYP1A2 activity. These results indicate that magnolol has an inhibitory effect on the DNA damage induced by Trp-P-2 in various organs in vivo. This inhibitory mechanism is considered due to in vivo CYP1A2 inhibition. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Evaluation of genotoxic effects in human leukocytes after in vitro exposure to 1950 MHz UMTS radiofrequency fieldBIOELECTROMAGNETICS, Issue 3 2008O. Zeni Abstract In the present study the third generation wireless technology of the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) signal was investigated for the induction of genotoxic effects in human leukocytes. Peripheral blood from six healthy donors was used and, for each donor, intermittent exposures (6 min RF on, 2 h RF off) at the frequency of 1950 MHz were conducted at a specific absorption rate of 2.2 W/kg. The exposures were performed in a transverse electro magnetic (TEM) cell hosted in an incubator under strictly controlled conditions of temperature and dosimetry. Following long duration intermittent RF exposures (from 24 to 68 h) in different stages of the cell cycle, micronucleus formation was evaluated by applying the cytokinesis block micronucleus assay, which also provides information on cell division kinetics. Primary DNA damage (strand breaks/alkali labile sites) was also investigated following 24 h of intermittent RF exposures, by applying the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCG)/comet assay. Positive controls were included by treating cell cultures with Mitomycin-C and methylmethanesulfonate for micronucleus and comet assays, respectively. The results obtained indicate that intermittent exposures of human lymphocytes in different stages of cell cycle do not induce either an increase in micronucleated cells, or change in cell cycle kinetics; moreover, 24 h intermittent exposures also fail to affect DNA structure of human leukocytes soon after the exposures, likely indicating that repairable DNA damage was not induced. Bioelectromagnetics 29:177,184, 2008. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Evaluation of genotoxic effects in human peripheral blood leukocytes following an acute in vitro exposure to 900 MHz radiofrequency fieldsBIOELECTROMAGNETICS, Issue 4 2005O. Zeni Abstract Human peripheral blood leukocytes from healthy volunteers have been employed to investigate the induction of genotoxic effects following 2 h exposure to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation. The GSM signal has been studied at specific absorption rates (SAR) of 0.3 and 1 W/kg. The exposures were carried out in a waveguide system under strictly controlled conditions of both dosimetry and temperature. The same temperature conditions (37.0,±,0.1 °C) were realized in a second waveguide, employed to perform sham exposures. The induction of DNA damage was evaluated in leukocytes by applying the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE)/comet assay, while structural chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges were evaluated in lymphocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin. Alterations in kinetics of cell proliferation were determined by calculating the mitotic index. Positive controls were also provided by using methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) for comet assay and mitomycin-C (MMC), for chromosome aberration, or sister chromatid exchange tests. No statistically significant differences were detected in exposed samples in comparison with sham exposed ones for all the parameters investigated. On the contrary, the positive controls gave a statistically significant increase in DNA damage in all cases, as expected. Thus the results obtained in our experimental conditions do not support the hypothesis that 900 MHz radiofrequency field exposure induces DNA damage in human peripheral blood leukocytes in this range of SAR. Bioelectromagnetics 26:258,265, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | ||||||||||