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Final Solution (final + solution)
Selected AbstractsSUCCESS, TRUTH, AND MODERNISM IN HOLOCAUST HISTORIOGRAPHY: READING SAUL FRIEDLÄNDER THIRTY-FIVE YEARS AFTER THE PUBLICATION OF METAHISTORY,HISTORY AND THEORY, Issue 2 2009WULF KANSTEINER ABSTRACT This essay provides a close reading of Saul Friedländer's exceptionally successful comprehensive history of the Holocaust from the theoretical perspective of Hayden White's philosophy of history. Friedländer's The Years of Extermination has been celebrated as the first synthetic history of the "Final Solution" that acknowledges the experiences of the victims of Nazi genocide. But Friedländer has not simply added the voices of the victims to a conventional historical account of the Holocaust. Instead, by displacing linear notions of time and space and subtly deconstructing conventional concepts of causality, he has invented a new type of historical prose that performs rather than analyzes the victims' point of view. Friedländer's innovation has particularly radical consequences for the construction of historical explanations. On the one hand, Friedländer explicitly argues that anti-Semitism was the single most important cause of the Holocaust. On the other hand, his transnational, multifaceted history of the "Final Solution" provides a wealth of data that escapes the conceptual grasp of his explicit model of causation. Friedländer chooses this radically self-reflexive strategy of historical representation to impress on the reader the existential sense of disbelief with which the victims experienced Nazi persecution. To Friedländer, that sense of disbelief constitutes the most appropriate ethical response to the Holocaust. Thus the narratological analysis of The Years of Extermination reveals that the exceptional quality of the book, as well as presumably its success, is the result of an extraordinarily creative act of narrative imagination. Or, put into terms developed by White, who shares Friedländer's appreciation of modernist forms of writing, The Years of Extermination is the first modernist history of the Holocaust that captures, through literary figuration, an important and long neglected reality of the "Final Solution." [source] Hybrid Meta-Heuristic Algorithm for the Simultaneous Optimization of the O,D Trip Matrix EstimationCOMPUTER-AIDED CIVIL AND INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING, Issue 6 2004Antony Stathopoulos These include a genetic algorithm (GA), a simulated annealing (SA) algorithm, and a hybrid algorithm (GASA) based on the combination of GA and SA. The computational performance of the three algorithms is evaluated and compared by implementing them on a realistic urban road network. The results of the simulation tests demonstrate that SA and GASA produce a more accurate final solution than GA, whereas GASA shows a superior convergence rate, that is, faster improvement from the initial solution, in comparison to SA and GA. In addition, GASA produces a final solution that is more robust and less dependent on the initial demand pattern, in comparison to that obtained from a greedy search algorithm. [source] Measurement and analysis of wheel loads for design and fatigue evaluation of vehicle chassis componentsFATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES, Issue 12 2002M. DECKER ABSTRACT Using a multiaxial-randomly loaded air-suspension rear-axle for commercial vehicles as an example, this paper gives an insight in the mechanics and interactions of wheel forces and moments, forces acting in the suspension components and the stress response of the axle casing. Taking load-time and stress-time data measured on a prototype vehicle on a test track as a basis, fatigue, frequency and correlation analyses for all relevant manoeuvres and straight-ahead driving situations are performed. Special focus is given to the study and determination of appropriate correlations between the mentioned properties for manoeuvres and straight ahead driving on rough roads. The results point out all decisive load situations which may affect the fatigue behaviour of the axle under operational conditions and were taken into account for the derivation of optimized design solutions, as well as for the experimental verification of the final solution in the test rig. [source] Hypersingular integral equation method for three-dimensional crack problem in shear modeINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 6 2004Y. Z. ChenArticle first published online: 19 APR 200 Abstract This paper presents the use of the hypersingular integral equation method for solving the flat crack problem in shear mode. In the method, the crack opening displacement (COD) functions are assumed to be polynomials with several undetermined coefficients. The involved hypersingular integral can be reduced into a repeat integral in a particular polar co-ordinate, and further integrated by a known quadrature rule. This technique considerably reduces the effort of derivation and computation to obtain the final solution. The undetermined coefficients in the COD functions are obtained from an algebraic equation. The stress intensity factors (SIF) along the boundary of the flat crack can then be easily calculated. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. Copyright 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Indecomposable quasi-characteristics scheme on pyramidal stencil and its application for numerical simulation of two-phase flows through heterogeneous porous mediumNUMERICAL METHODS FOR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS, Issue 1 2002Do Young Kwak Abstract A new high-resolution indecomposable quasi-characteristics scheme with monotone properties based on pyramidal stencil is considered. This scheme is based on consideration of two high-resolution numerical schemes approximated governing equations on the pyramidal stencil with different kinds of dispersion terms approximation. Two numerical solutions obtained by these schemes are analyzed, and the final solution is chosen according to the special criterion to provide the monotone properties in regions where discontinuities of solutions could arise. This technique allows to construct the high-order monotone solutions and keeps both the monotone properties and the high-order approximation in regions with discontinuities of solutions. The selection criterion has a local character suitable for parallel computation. Application of the proposed technique to the solution of the time-dependent 2D two-phase flows through the porous media with the essentially heterogeneous properties is considered, and some numerical results are presented. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 18: 44,55, 2002 [source] High-resolution monotone schemes based on quasi-characteristics techniqueNUMERICAL METHODS FOR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS, Issue 3 2001Do Young Kwak Abstract In this article, we consider a new technique that allows us to overcome the well-known restriction of Godunov's theorem. According to Godunov's theorem, a second-order explicit monotone scheme does not exist. The techniques in the construction of high-resolution schemes with monotone properties near the discontinuities of the solution lie in choosing of one of two high-resolution numerical solutions computed on different stencils. The criterion for choosing the final solution is proposed. Results of numerical tests that compare with the exact solution and with the numerical solution obtained by the first-order monotone scheme are presented. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 17: 262,276, 2001 [source] Magnitude of trauma and personality changeTHE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOANALYSIS, Issue 4 2003Klaus Fink In this paper the author postulates that, in post-traumatic personality structures caused by overwhelming traumatic experiences, pre-traumatic personality features and childhood experiences are of little or no relevance. Sixty-four survivors of Nazi concentration camps are examined, their concentration camp experiences detailed and pre-persecution histories and post-persecution psychopathology studied. The significance of a concentration camp experience is analytically discussed and evaluated. This study shows that 52 cases (81.2%) of the 64 survivors of concentration camps presented an almost identical depressive personality structure irrespective of their prepersecution life history. The 64 survivors of concentration camps are psychologically compared to 78 cases of people who, in view of the menacing circumstances, decided to emigrate and in this way were spared from becoming victims of the Nazi ,final solution'. Finally, the author discusses the value of psychoanalytical treatment. [source] Use of local rank-based spatial information for resolution of spectroscopic images,,JOURNAL OF CHEMOMETRICS, Issue 5 2008Anna de Juan Abstract Spectroscopic images are singular chemical measurements that enclose chemical and spatial information about samples. Resolution of spectroscopic images is focused on the recovery of the pure spectra and distribution maps of the image constituents from the sole raw spectroscopic measurement. In image resolution, constraints are generally limited to non-negativity and the spatial information is generally not used. Local rank analysis methods have been adapted to describe the local spatial complexity of an image, providing specific pixel information. This local rank information combined with reference spectral information allows the identification of absent compounds in pixels with low compound overlap. The introduction of this information in the resolution process under the form of constraints helps to increase the performance of the resolution method and to decrease the ambiguity linked to the final solutions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||