Feed Type (feed + type)

Distribution by Scientific Domains


Selected Abstracts


Review of ICU nutrition support practices: implementing the nurse-led enteral feeding algorithm

NURSING IN CRITICAL CARE, Issue 3 2007
Kirsty Dobson
Abstract Many intensive care units (ICUs) have standard feeding protocols which promote safe early initiation of enteral feeding. The use of these protocols has been shown to increase the incidence of enteral feeding and achieve greater adequacy of nutrition support. A multidisciplinary working party developed and implemented a nurse-led enteral feeding algorithm which enabled senior nursing staff to set safe and nutritionally adequate target feed volumes based upon patient body weight. The algorithm incorporated best practice-based referral criteria so that patients at nutritional risk were referred for tailored dietetic assessment. The aims were to determine compliance with the ICU nurse-led enteral feeding algorithm and to ascertain its safety and efficacy. A 3-month prospective audit was conducted by specialist ICU dietitians. Data were obtained from electronic patient records and through observing feeding practices. Data collected included prescribed feed type and infusion rate versus volume received, frequency of gastric aspiration and prokinetic usage. In all, 90% (n = 43) of referrals received by the dietitian met the referral criteria. Absolute compliance with patients receiving correct type and volumes of feed, with a correct feed prescription and an accurate documented weight was just 2% (n = 1). Despite this finding, 60% of patients were actually receiving the correct feed regimen. If the nurse-led enteral feeding algorithm is wholly adhered to, the ICU dietitian need not formally assess every ICU patient. Nursing staff require further support in assessing patient body weight alongside an ongoing intensive educational programme for the multidisciplinary team and regular reaudit. [source]


Effects of feeding frequency and feed type on the growth, feed utilization and body composition of juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus

AQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 9 2010
Sang-Min Lee
Abstract A factorial (3 × 4) feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding frequency and feed type on the growth performance, feed utilization and body proximate composition of juvenile olive flounder. Three feed types including a sinking moist pellet (MP), a sinking dry pellet (DP) and a floating extruded pellet (EP) were used. Fish (average weight, 11.1 ± 0.4 g) were randomly distributed in thirty-six 300 L tanks in a flowthrough system. Triplicate groups (30 fish per tank) of fish were fed each feed type to visual satiation at three meals per day, two meals per day, one meal per day and one meal every 2 days for 7 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, the survival of fish was not significantly different among the treatments. Weight gain was affected by the feeding frequency. The highest weight gain was observed in fish fed the EP at three meals per day. The daily feed intake of fish fed the MP and DP tended to be higher than that of fish fed the EP at each feeding frequency. The feed efficiency and the protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the EP were higher than those of fish fed the MP and DP. The body proximate composition of fish was altered by the feeding frequency. The crude lipid content increased with the increase in the feeding frequency. The present findings suggest that three feedings per day at visual satiation of the floating EP may be sufficient for the maximal growth performance of olive flounder grown from 11 to 60 g. [source]


Cultivation of Paracentrotus lividus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) on extruded feeds: digestive efficiency, somatic and gonadal growth

AQUACULTURE NUTRITION, Issue 2 2001
Spirlet
This study assessed the use of extruded feeds, in the form of pellets, for the growing of echinoid Paracentrotus lividus within a closed-culture system. Two feed types, one with soya-bean protein, the other with both soya-bean and fish protein were compared with dried Lessonia sp. and fresh Laminaria sp. as food sources. Pellets present a very high conversion efficiency (about 80%) against about 50% for Laminaria and 35% for Lessonia. However, as pellets are less absorbed, somatic growth (SG) is statistically equivalent for the sea urchins fed with pellets and Laminaria between 2 and 2.2% g soma day,1. Sea urchins fed with pellets produced significantly more gonadal tissue in a shorter time, resulting in a gonadal index (GI) twice higher (6.5%) than Laminaria (3%) in the second month of the experiment. Dry Lessonia does not promote gonadal growth (GG). This study shows that extruded feeds are well assimilated by P. lividus and promote both SG and production of gonadal tissue. [source]


Effects of feeding frequency and feed type on the growth, feed utilization and body composition of juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus

AQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 9 2010
Sang-Min Lee
Abstract A factorial (3 × 4) feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding frequency and feed type on the growth performance, feed utilization and body proximate composition of juvenile olive flounder. Three feed types including a sinking moist pellet (MP), a sinking dry pellet (DP) and a floating extruded pellet (EP) were used. Fish (average weight, 11.1 ± 0.4 g) were randomly distributed in thirty-six 300 L tanks in a flowthrough system. Triplicate groups (30 fish per tank) of fish were fed each feed type to visual satiation at three meals per day, two meals per day, one meal per day and one meal every 2 days for 7 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, the survival of fish was not significantly different among the treatments. Weight gain was affected by the feeding frequency. The highest weight gain was observed in fish fed the EP at three meals per day. The daily feed intake of fish fed the MP and DP tended to be higher than that of fish fed the EP at each feeding frequency. The feed efficiency and the protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the EP were higher than those of fish fed the MP and DP. The body proximate composition of fish was altered by the feeding frequency. The crude lipid content increased with the increase in the feeding frequency. The present findings suggest that three feedings per day at visual satiation of the floating EP may be sufficient for the maximal growth performance of olive flounder grown from 11 to 60 g. [source]