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Air Traffic (air + traffic)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Earth and Environmental Science	37%
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	37%

Selected Abstracts

Border Effects in Passenger Air Traffic

KYKLOS INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, Issue 4 2004
Henning Klodt
SUMMARY The empirical literature on border effects suggests that national borders substantially reduce the level of economic transactions. This paper adds another piece of evidence to the significance of border effects by applying a new data set which is completely independent of the data sets of previous studies. Our data refer to domestic and international passenger departures from German airports. The econometric results indicate that the German border reduces passenger air traffic by a factor of four to five. This magnitude is in line with the results of previous studies for trade and investment flows. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die empirische Literatur zum Einfluss von Grenzen hat gezeigt, dass nationale Grenzen den Umfang von ökonomischen Transaktionen beträchtlich reduzieren. Dieser Beitrag präsentiert einen weiteren Beleg für die Relevanz von Grenzen, indem ein neuer Datensatz ausgewertet wird, der vollständig unabhängig von den in früheren Studien verwendeten Datensätzen ist. Unsere Daten beziehen sich auf die Passagierzahlen bei nationalen und internationalen Abflügen von deutschen Flughäfen. Den Schätzergebnissen zufolge reduziert die deutsche Grenze das Passagieraufkommen im Flugverkehr um den Faktor vier bis fünf. Diese Größenordnung steht in Einklang mit den Grenzeffekten, wie sie in anderen Studien für Handels- und Investitionsströme gemessen worden sind. RÉSUMÉ La littérature empirique sur les effets des frontières suggère que le niveau des transactions économiques est fortement réduit par les frontières nationales. Cet article propose de contribuer à ce débat en utilisant une nouvelle base de données qui se différencie substantiellement de celles utilisées jusqu'à présent. Nous utilisons des données sur le nombre de passagers au départ d'aéroports allemands vers des destinations nationales et internationales. Les résultats économétriques démontrent que l'existence des frontières allemandes réduit le trafic de passagers aériens par un facteur de quatre à cinq. Cet ordre de grandeur est comparable aux études antérieures concernant le commerce et les flux d'investissement. [source]

Eyjafjallajökull volcano causes widespread disruption to European air traffic

GEOLOGY TODAY, Issue 3 2010
Ralf Gertisser
It started with the usual fire fountains and lava flows that are typical of Iceland's basaltic fissure eruptions, quickly turned into one of the country's major tourist attractions, and when they thought it was all over, the first eruption of Eyjafjallajökull volcano in 200 years suddenly brought Europe's air traffic to a halt. [source]

Global Public Health Implications of a Mass Gathering in Mecca, Saudi Arabia During the Midst of an Influenza Pandemic

JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE, Issue 2 2010
Kamran Khan MD
Background. Every year millions of pilgrims from around the world gather under extremely crowded conditions in Mecca, Saudi Arabia to perform the Hajj. In 2009, the Hajj coincided with influenza season during the midst of an influenza A (H1N1) pandemic. After the Hajj, resource-limited countries with large numbers of traveling pilgrims could be vulnerable, given their limited ability to purchase H1N1 vaccine and capacity to respond to a possible wave of H1N1 introduced via returning pilgrims. Methods. We studied the worldwide migration of pilgrims traveling to Mecca to perform the Hajj in 2008 using data from the Saudi Ministry of Health and international air traffic departing Saudi Arabia after the 2008 Hajj using worldwide airline ticket sales data. We used gross national income (GNI) per capita as a surrogate marker of a country's ability to mobilize an effective response to H1N1. Results. In 2008, 2.5 million pilgrims from 140 countries performed the Hajj. Pilgrims (1.7 million) were of international (non-Saudi) origin, of which 91.0% traveled to Saudi Arabia via commercial flights. International pilgrims (11.3%) originated from low-income countries, with the greatest numbers traveling from Bangladesh (50,419), Afghanistan (32,621), and Yemen (28,018). Conclusions. Nearly 200,000 pilgrims that performed the Hajj in 2008 originated from the world's most resource-limited countries, where access to H1N1 vaccine and capacity to detect and respond to H1N1 in returning pilgrims are extremely limited. International efforts may be needed to assist resource-limited countries that are vulnerable to the impact of H1N1 during the 2009 to 2010 influenza season. [source]

Border Effects in Passenger Air Traffic

A study of thunderstorm-induced delays at Frankfurt Airport, Germany

METEOROLOGICAL APPLICATIONS, Issue 1 2003
M Sasse
It is a well-known fact that adverse weather significantly influences the safety and operating efficiency of air traffic, particularly in the terminal area. The unavoidable consequences of reduced operating efficiency are delays, diversions and cancellations of flights. In this paper the impact of thunderstorms on landing aircraft at Frankfurt Airport (Germany) during 1997 and 1998 is analysed. Thunderstorms are among the major weather phenomena affecting airport operations. Weather and operating conditions permitting, Frankfurt Airport is operated at more than 100% of its nominal capacity, which in turn lowers the actual capacity during periods of adverse weather. To the authors' knowledge this is the first quantitative study of weather impact on aviation in Germany. To identify thunderstorms as the unambiguous cause of delays, days without thunderstorms were used for reference and the difference in delay time was determined. The study shows that in 1997 thunderstorms increased the accumulated regular delay time by a factor of 6.3 and in 1998 by a factor of 1.1. On average, a thunderstorm typically caused about 740 delay minutes in addition to the 280 regular delay minutes for a sum of 100 arriving aircraft within four hours of average impact time. Copyright © 2003 Royal Meteorological Society [source]

Aviation fuel demand modelling in OECD and developing countries: impacts of fuel efficiency

OPEC ENERGY REVIEW, Issue 1 2009
Mohammad Mazraati
On the quest for reducing the fuel consumption per passenger per flight for economical and environmental reasons, commercial aircraft manufacturers are implementing new strategies for optimising aircraft performance by using new lighter and stronger materials and enhancing engines' efficiencies in terms of fuel consumption and maintenance requirements. With the rising and falling of economies, whether in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries or other developing countries, the aviation industry has been affected by multiple factors such as passenger traffic, freight traffic, airport capacities and oil prices. Aircraft manufacturers have worked on improving the engine efficiency of their newly built airplanes (e.g. Airbus's A-380 and Boeing's B-787), and many airports in the world have increased the number of their runways to face the increasing demand for air traffic in the world. Aviation efficiency can also be achieved through better load management, which in return enables airliners to cope with higher oil prices or rising costs. Aviation fuel demand is modelled in OECD North America, Europe and Pacific regions and some selected developing countries. Price elasticities of fuel demand in all regions are low, while income elasticities are high. The elasticity of aviation fuel demand on passenger kilometre performed (PKP) is considerably low. One per cent increase in PKP leads to less than half a per cent increase in aviation fuel demand, confirming an ongoing fuel efficiency in aviation industry. [source]

Comment expliquer le déclin de Montréal comme centre de transports aériens: une question de géographie économique?

THE CANADIAN GEOGRAPHER/LE GEOGRAPHE CANADIEN, Issue 1 2007
CARINE DISCAZEAUX
L'objectif de cet article est de comprendre l'évolution des activités aériennes à Montréal. Plaque tournante majeure dans les années 1960, Montréal voit ses activités aériennes ralentir dès le milieu des années 1970. Quelles sont les origines véritables de ce ralentissement? Ce déclin est souvent attribuéà la construction d'un second aéroport international à Montréal-Mirabel en 1975. Mais qu'en est-il exactement? Ceci nous amène à nous interroger sur les facteurs de localisation des activités aériennes de manière générale. S'agit-il d'une activité de service qui se localise selon une logique de places centrales, en fonction de la taille des villes? Faut-il plutôt chercher ailleurs, par exemple dans les conditions technologiques et réglementaires propres à l'industrie? Pour y répondre, nous proposons une analyse en deux temps. D'abord, nous nous servirons des outils de régression afin d'évaluer l'importance du poids de l'économie locale comme facteur explicatif du trafic aérien. Cette première partie est essentiellement statique. Dans un deuxième temps, nous effectuerons une analyse à caractère davantage historique des activités aériennes de Montréal depuis 1945, pour renouer à la fin avec les résultats de l'analyse de régression. This paper explores the evolution of air traffic levels in Montréal. While Montréal was a major hub-airport in the 1960's, its level of air traffic dropped in the mid-1970s. This decline is often blamed on the construction of a second International airport at Montréal-Mirabel in 1975. Is this the right explanation? We raise the question whether the spatial organization of air traffic in general can explain the decline. Does the geography of air travel correspond to central place theory, and as a function of city size? Or should we examine the technological and policy environment within the air transport industry? In considering these questions, we follow a two step analysis. First, regression techniques are used to assess the importance of the local economy as a predictor of the level of air traffic. This section is essentially static. Second, an historical analysis of aviation activity in Montréal since 1945 is presented in order to corroborate the regression results. [source]