False Information (false + information)

Distribution by Scientific Domains


Selected Abstracts


Can fabricated evidence induce false eyewitness testimony?

APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 7 2010
Kimberley A. Wade
False information can influence people's beliefs and memories. But can fabricated evidence induce individuals to accuse another person of doing something they never did? We examined whether exposure to a fabricated video could produce false eyewitness testimony. Subjects completed a gambling task alongside a confederate subject, and later we falsely told subjects that their partner had cheated on the task. Some subjects viewed a digitally manipulated video of their partner cheating; some were told that video evidence of the cheating exists; and others were not told anything about video evidence. Subjects were asked to sign a statement confirming that they witnessed the incident and that their corroboration could be used in disciplinary action against the accused. See-video subjects were three times more likely to sign the statement than Told-video and Control subjects. Fabricated evidence may, indeed, produce false eyewitness testimony; we discuss probable cognitive mechanisms. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]


Credibility Assessments of Online Health Information: The Effects of Source Expertise and Knowledge of Content

JOURNAL OF COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION, Issue 4 2001
Matthew S. Eastin
Millions of Americans use the Internet as a resource for information, with a large proportion seeking health information. Research indicates that medical professionals do not author an extensive amount of health information available on the Internet. This creates a possibility for false information, thereby potentially leading ill people away from proper care. One way to begin addressing this problem is to assess perceptions of credibility about information found online. A between-groups, 2 (message type) × 3 (source type) factorial design was tested by manipulating source expertise (high, medium, low) and content knowledge (known and unknown). While findings did not indicate a significant interaction between source and content type, they did indicate an overall tendency to rate all information as relatively credible. In addition, results indicate that both knowledge of content and source expertise affect perceptions of online health information. [source]


Voluntary turnover among nurses working in Kuwaiti hospitals

JOURNAL OF NURSING MANAGEMENT, Issue 3 2008
MUHAMMAD ALOTAIBI BSN
Background, Voluntary turnover rates are high among staff nurses working in Kuwaiti hospitals. It is a major problem, costly and it is presumed to impact on the quality of nursing care delivered. Aims, The two aims of this study were to (1) find out if nurses' resignations in Kuwaiti hospitals could be ascribed to failure in the recruitment process and (2) examine the feelings of nurses who resigned. Methods, Two sets of exit interviews with 60 nurses who had resigned were conducted. Results, No evidence emerged that any false information or misleading information was provided except for the salary adjustments. The real insight lay in what might not have been said in the recruitment interviews. While feelings of discontent emerged in the interviews relating to the loss of income, the greatest source of complaint related to the failure of managers to solve the evident problems. Conclusions, High rates of voluntary turnover require more attention from administrators and policy makers because of its potential consequences in terms of the quality of nursing care delivered. Implications for nursing management, This paper identifies many causes of nurses' voluntary turnover. It also shows the need for nursing managers to explore these causes and suggests successful strategies for recruitment and retention practices and policies. [source]


Chronic and temporary aggression causes hostile false memories for ambiguous information

APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 1 2008
Melanie K. T. Takarangi
Chronic and temporarily aggressive people show a phenomenon known as the hostile attribution bias (HAB), in which access to hostile schemas leads them to interpret ambiguously hostile information in a hostile way. Can these people also be induced to remember unambiguously hostile, yet completely false information? To address this question, we investigated the effect of both chronic and temporary aggression on recall for a list containing words that could be interpreted as exemplars of either an aggressive (violence-related) or non-aggressive (kitchen-related) category. Subjects were exposed to five consecutive lists of associated words including the ambiguous list, but half read a list of insult words immediately before presentation of the ambiguous list, while the other half read only emotionally neutral lists. When recalling the ambiguous list, aggressive subjects and subjects who were primed with insult words were more likely to report having seen unpresented aggressive words compared with their low aggressive and not primed counterparts. We discuss our findings in line with Anderson and Bushman's (2002) General Aggression Model (GAM). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]


Flawed reports of immunization complications: consequences for child health

ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 9 2004
R Zetterström
Flawed studies about complications in vaccination programmes may have serious consequences for community health, as illustrated by a previous report on the adverse effect of pertussis vaccination and a more recent report about a suspected link between MMR vaccination and autistic spectrum disorders. Conclusion: The Editorial Board of The Lancet has apologized for having published a paper which has misled its readers about the risk of MMR vaccination. Due to the important role of TV and newspapers in giving information about health promotion, these media should also be willing to correct false information. [source]