FA Profiles (fa + profile)

Distribution by Scientific Domains


Selected Abstracts


Seasonal changes of CLA isomers and other fatty acids of milk fat from grazing dairy herds in the Azores

JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 10 2008
Oldemiro A Rego
Abstract BACKGROUND: Season of the year associated with dietary changes has been recognized as a factor implicated in milk fat fatty acid (FA) profile in dairy cows. However, a lack of information exists concerning cows grazing all year round as is practiced in the Azores, where cows are supplemented in winter with maize silage plus concentrates, while in spring the higher grass allowance only requires supplementation with concentrate. The main objective of this study was to detect any seasonal variation of FA profile of milk fat from milk sampled in bulk tanks of 12 Azorean dairy herds. RESULTS Compared to winter milk, milk fat from spring presented a higher proportion of CLA cis -9,trans -11 (14.3 versus 9.6 g kg,1 FA), C18:1 trans -11 (32 versus 22 g kg,1 FA), C18:2 trans -11,cis -15 (3.7 versus 2.2 g kg,1 FA), CLA trans -11,cis -13 (0.34 versus 0.23 g kg,1 FA) and C18:3 n-3 (5.7 versus 5.4 g kg,1 FA). The C18:2 n-6/C18:3 n-3 ratio was lower (P < 0.05) in spring. Branched-chain FA, except the anteiso -C15:0, were higher in spring, while odd-chain FA (C15:0) were higher in winter. CONCLUSION: Dairy herd management in the Azores presents a seasonal variation of milk fat FA composition, where the spring milk may present increased potential benefits for human consumers. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry [source]


Efficacy of various lipid supplements in formulated pellet diets for juvenile Scylla serrata

AQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 10 2010
Unniyampurath Unnikrishnan
Abstract Efficacy of sunflower oil (diet SF) and soybean oil (diet SB) alone and in combination with cod liver oil (diets M1-2.80:1.40:1.40, M2-2.80:2.24:0.56 and M3-2.80:0.56:2.24; cod liver oil:sunflower oil:soybean oil) as lipid supplements (5.6%) in formulated diets (crude fat ,9.79%) for juvenile Scylla serrata (weight=0.28±0.07 g, carapace width=9.7±0.1 mm) were compared with diet CL, containing cod liver oil alone as the lipid supplement (6 diets × 24 crabs stocked individually, randomized block design). Growth performance, nutrient (protein and lipid) intake and gain of crabs fed M1, M2 and M3 were higher (P,0.05) than the crabs fed SF and SB, but were not significantly different (P,0.05) from crabs fed CL. Dietary fatty acids (FAs) are found to influence the FA profile of test crabs. Higher tissue levels of 16:1n-7, 18:1n-9 and 18:1n-7 reflected the essential FA deficiency in crabs fed diets supplemented only with vegetable oils. Results confirmed that S. serrata could utilize vegetable oil supplements in the formulated diets as a partial replacement (50%) of cod liver oil without compromising growth and survival. Partial substitution of marine fish oil with suitable vegetable oils can reduce the feed cost considerably, in the context of rising fish oil prices. [source]


Fatty acid composition and analysis of freshwater caridean shrimp Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan) during spermiogenesis

AQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 8 2010
Da-Hui Wang
Abstract We analysed fatty acids (FAs) composition and the potential functions of FAs in hepatopancreas and testis of freshwater caridean shrimp Macrobrachium nipponense during testis development. The hepatopancreas presented a high unsaturated FA content of about 40%, whereas the testis showed a high level of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) with a decreasing content of 97,86% of total FAs during maturation. Several specific FAs in testis showed significant changes throughout maturation. Among SFAs, C14:0 contributed with a relatively constant high proportion of about 22%, whereas C16:0 and C18:0 contents were also at high levels but showed significant increases during maturation. Representatives of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs), such as C18:1n-9, C18:2n-6, C20:5n-3 (EPA), C20:4n-6 (AA) and C22:6n-3 (DHA) showed significant increases despite their low proportion in the gonad. These results suggest that a high content of HUFAs in hepatopancreas may represent a reservoir for sperm production. The FA C14:0 may provide a particular function. The variations of the FA profile in testis at different developmental stages reveals that C18:1n-9, C18:2n-6, C20:5n-3, C20:4n-6 and C22:6n-3 may play important roles in spermiogenesis. [source]


Comparative analysis of triacylglycerols from Olea europaea L. fruits using HPLC and MALDI-TOFMS

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF LIPID SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 5 2010
Faouzi Sakouhi
Abstract MALDI-TOFMS and HPLC are two analytical methods that were used to characterize triacylglycerols (TAG) of the Meski, Sayali, and Picholine Tunisian olive varieties. The HPLC chromatograms of the oils showed the presence of 15 TAG species, among which triolein (OOO) was the most abundant (21,48%). In the Sayali cultivar, OOO was the predominant TAG species followed by POO and LOO. However, the minor TAG molecules were represented by LnLO and LnLP. MALDI mass spectra produced sodiated ([M,+,Na]+) and potassiated ([M,+,K]+) TAG molecules; only the major TAG were potassiated [OOO,+,K] ([OOO,+,K]+, [POO,+,K]+, and [LOO,+,K]+). In contrast to the HPLC chromatograms, the MALDI mass spectra showed 13 peaks of TAG. The major peak was detected at m/z,907, which corresponds to OOO with an Na+ adduct. The results from both HPLC and MALDI techniques predict the fatty acid composition and their percentages for each olive variety. Practical applications: TAG are the main components in vegetable oils. These biomolecules determine the physical, chemical, and nutritional properties of the oils. The nutritional benefits of TAG are related to DAG (moderate plasma lipid level) and esterified FA, which are intermediate biosynthetic molecules of TAG. TAG analysis is necessary to discriminate between oils of different origin, since some oils have similar FA profiles. Olive products, oils, and table olives, are the main diet sources of TAG in the Mediterranean countries. In this work, chromatographic and spectrometric methods were used for TAG analysis and characterization of Tunisian olive varieties. [source]


Combined measurements of egg fatty acids and stable isotopes as indicators of feeding ecology in lake-dwelling birds

FRESHWATER BIOLOGY, Issue 9 2009
FRANCISCO RAMÍREZ
Summary 1.,We examined whether egg fatty acid (FA) profiles and stable isotopes (SIA) could be used in a comparative way to infer the diet of two aquatic bird species with contrasting feeding habits: a surface forager, the pheasant-tailed jacana (Hydrophasianus chirurgus), and a pursuit-diving forager, the little cormorant (Phalacrocorax niger), at Haleji Lake (Pakistan). 2.,The species differed markedly in the overall percentage of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Moreover, among jacanas, two groups of birds had relatively high or low concentrations of long-chain essential PUFAs (such as 18:2 n-6 and 20:4 n-6), suggesting differing contributions from animal prey and plant material. 3.,These trophic differences were corroborated by ,15N values which indicated both a higher trophic position in cormorants relative to jacanas, and differences in trophic position for the two groups of jacanas. In this latter species ,13C values in both groups also pointed to differing diets, involving mainly grazing plants or a contribution from animal resources (aquatic invertebrates or insects). 4.,Both lower values of ,13C and higher percentages of 18:1 n-7 detected in little cormorants may indicate the influence of the anoxic water, typical of a freshwater system densely covered by macrophytes. 5.,These results indicate how both biomarkers offer complementary information in studies of feeding ecology, refining interpretations of trophic pathways which are usually based on FA or SIA alone. Comparisons of FA profiles and SIA among species also proved to be a reliable approach for inferring the diet of species for which information is scarce or contradictory, as is the case for the pheasant-tailed jacana. [source]


Fatty acid composition in some selected marine fish species living in Turkish waters

JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 1 2006
Abdulkadir Bay
Abstract The muscle fatty acid (FA) composition of 12 selected marine fish species living in Turkish waters was determined. FA profiles of muscle were compared in terms of total and individual saturated (SFAs) and unsaturated fatty acids. Total SFA, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-6 PUFA) contents as well as n-3/n-6 FA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ratios differed (P < 0.01) in all fish species. Palmitic acid (16:0) among total SFAs, oleic acid (18:1n-9) among MUFAs, DHA (22:6n-3) among n-3 PUFAs and 18:2n-6 and 20:4n-6 among n-6 PUFAs were the most abundant FAs. The ratio of n-3/n-6 PUFA contents, indicating the availability of n-3 PUFAs that are beneficial for human health, ranged from 2.67 to 12.61. The EPA/DHA ratio was between 0.17 and 0.83 in the marine fish species studied. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry [source]


Effects of dietary corn oil and vitamin E supplementation on fatty acid profiles and expression of acetyl CoA carboxylase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene in Hu sheep

ANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2010
Xue-jun CHEN
ABSTRACT This study was conducted to assess the effects of dietary corn oil and vitamin E supplementation on fatty acid (FA) profiles and abundances of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and ,9 stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) mRNA of Hu sheep. Animals were allocated to three dietary treatments: basal and supplemented with 3% corn oil (CNO), or CNO plus 500 mg/kg vitamin E (COE). The experiment lasted for 10 weeks. No differences were observed in growth performance and carcass qualities among the three treatments (P > 0.05). Feeding CNO and COE diets increased polyunsaturated FAs including cis 9 trans 11 conjugated linoleic acid, and decreased saturated FA in longissimus muscle (P < 0.05). The mRNA abundances of ACC and SCD as detected by real-time PCR were reduced (P < 0.05) in liver and subcutaneous fat by supplementary oil, while the SCD mRNA level in longissimus muscle was also reduced (P < 0.05). Inclusion of vitamin E did not have further effects on mRNA abundances of these two enzymes. It is suggested that dietary corn oil supplementation may reduce FA biosynthesis and influence FA profiles in Hu sheep through decreased expression of both ACC and SCD genes. [source]


Interacting effects of dietary lipid level and temperature on growth, body composition and fatty acid profile of rohu, Labeo rohita (Hamilton)

AQUACULTURE NUTRITION, Issue 6 2004
K. Mishra
Abstract Three isonitrogenous (320 g kg,1 crude protein, casein and gelatine) semi-purified diets with 80 (L8), 130 (L13) and 180 (L18) g kg,1 lipid (sunflower oil at increasing levels and cod liver oil fixed at 50 g kg,1) at three digestible energy levels (12 096, 13 986 and 15 876 kJ kg,1 dry weight) and were tested, in triplicate, on rohu fingerlings (3.2 ± 0.08 g) at two different temperatures (21 and 32 °C). Fish were fed to apparent satiation, twice daily, at 09.00 and 15.00 h, 7 days a week for 56 days. Maximum growth was obtained at a lipid level of 80 g kg,1 (L8) at 21 °C (439.37%) and 130 g kg,1 (L13) at 32 °C (481.8%). In general growth rate was higher at 32 °C than at 21 °C at all lipid levels. Tissue monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) contents decreased with increasing lipid level at 32 °C, but the reverse occurred at 21 °C. At 21 °C, Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) level increased significantly (P > 0.05) over initial values, but was affected insignificantly by dietary lipid level. At 32 °C, fish fed diet L13 had more n-3 fatty acid (FA) in liver and muscle than the other two dietary groups while at 21 °C, both liver and muscle FA profiles exhibited significant change (P > 0.05) in n-3 and n-6 FA content which corresponded to variation in percent addition of dietary lipid. However, n-3/n-6 ratio was higher for fish fed diet L13 at 32 °C and diet L8 at 21 °C and may be correlated with fish growth. [source]


Dietary intervention increases n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in skeletal muscle membrane phospholipids of obese subjects.

CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY, Issue 2 2006
Implications for insulin sensitivity
Summary Objective, Cross-sectional studies suggest that the fatty acid (FA) composition of phospholipids in skeletal muscle cell membrane may modulate insulin sensitivity in humans. We examined the impact of a hypocaloric low-fat dietary intervention on membrane FA composition and insulin sensitivity. Design, Muscle membrane FA profiles were determined in muscle (vastus lateralis) biopsies from 21 obese subjects before and after 6 months of dietary restriction. Diet instructions emphasized low intake of FA of marine origin by recommending lean fish and prohibiting fatty fish and fish oil supplements. Insulin resistance was estimated by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Results, The mean weight loss was 5·1 kg (range ,15·3 to +1·3 kg). BMI decreased from 36·5 to 34·9 kg/m2 (P = 0·003). Saturated FA (SFA) decreased 11% (P = 0·0001). Polyunsaturated FA (PUFA)n-6 increased 4% (P = 0·003). Long-chain PUFAn-3 increased 51% (P = 0·0001), mainly due to a 75% increase (P < 0·0001) in docosahexaenoic acid. Changes in HOMA-IR correlated significantly with changes in long-chain PUFAn-3 (R = ,0·57, P < 0·01), SFA (R = 0·58, P < 0·01) and waist circumference (R = 0·46, P < 0·05). A multivariate linear regression analysis that included changes in weight, fat mass, waist circumference, plasma lipids, PUFA, SFA and long-chain PUFAn-3 indicated that SFA and long-chain PUFAn-3 were independent predictors of HOMA-IR (R2 = 0·33, P < 0·01). Conclusions, A hypocaloric low-fat dietary intervention programme increased incorporation of long-chain PUFAn-3 and reduced SFA in skeletal muscle membrane phospholipids of obese subjects, a setting that may impact on insulin action. [source]