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Extensive Series (extensive + series)
Selected AbstractsImplementation of monoclonal antibody fluorescence on the Abbott CELL-DYN Sapphire haematology analyser: evaluation of lymphoid, myeloid and platelet markersINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LABORATORY HEMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2006B. JOHANNESSEN Summary Apart from qualitative flags, that are typically inefficient and uninformative, haematology instruments provide little meaningful information about lymphocyte populations or the lineage of atypical or immature elements, The CELL-DYN Sapphire haematology analyser uses integrated optical and fluorescence (488 nm) measurements, with FL1 (FITC) and FL2 (PE) detectors being configured for fluorescent analysis. As monoclonal antibodies (Mab) are widely used as cellular probes, and are likely to constitute the future basis for immunodifferentials, we explored the feasibility of implementing immunofluorescence on this routine haematology analyser. An extensive series of Mab (CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD11b, CD13, CD14, CD16, CD19, CD22, CD33, CD34, CD41, CD42b, CD45, CD56, CD61, CD64, CD235a and HLA-DR) were tested singly or in FITC/PE combinations. Analyser processing and data acquisition was achieved using CD-Sapphire automated CD61 immunoplatelet or CD3/4/8 assay procedures and, apart from mixing EDTA-blood and antibody, no further sample manipulation was required. Downloaded raw files were processed with cytometry software, and all evaluated reagents showed population discrimination analogous to flow cytometry. Practical procedures were straightforward and required minimal operator training. Extended information that can be obtained from monoclonal antibodies with a routine haematology analyser has the potential to extend haematology laboratory practices and positively impact laboratory and clinical efficiency. [source] Nonstoichiometry in A2B2O7 PyrochloresJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 11 2002Christopher R. Stanek Energies associated with deviations from stoichiometry for an extensive series of A2B2O7 pyrochlores have been predicted. A3+ cations range in size from Lu to La and B4+ cations from Ti to Pb. Results are presented in the form of contour maps as a means of conveying large quantities of data as well as predicting characteristics for pyrochlore compounds not explicitly modeled. These contour maps indicate that the BO2 excess nonstoichiometry in the pyrochlore structure is distinct from solid-solution fluorite. Within the limitations of this methodology, the contour maps provide a means to understand and predict distinct compositional variations. Defect cluster formation is discussed. [source] 15N NMR chemical shifts of ring substituted benzonitrilesMAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY, Issue 12 2006Abstract 15N chemical shifts in an extensive series of para (15) and meta (15) as well as ortho (8) substituted benzonitriles, XC6H4CN, were measured in deuteriochloroform solutions, using three different methods of referencing. The standard error of the average chemical shift was less than 0.03 ppm in most cases. The results are discussed for both empirical correlations with substituent parameters and quantum chemical calculations. The 15N chemical shifts calculated at the GIAO/B3LYP/6,31 + G*//B3LYP/6,31 + G* level reproduce the experimental values well, and include nitrogen atoms in the substituent groups (range of 300 ppm with slope 0.98 and R = 0.998, n = 43). The 15N shifts in hydroxybenzonitriles are affected by interaction with the OH group. Therefore, these derivatives are excluded from the correlation analysis. The resultant 15N chemical shift correlates well with substituent constants, both in the simple Hammett or DSP relationships and the 13C substituent-induced chemical shifts of the CN carbon. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Brief Definitive Report: Human visceral leishmaniasis is not associated with expansion or accumulation of Foxp3+ CD4 cells in blood or spleenPARASITE IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 7 2010R. MAURYA Summary Natural regulatory T cells (CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+), natural regulatory T cells (nTreg), play an important role in the regulation of inflammatory immune responses. However, the immunosuppressive properties of nTreg may unfavourably affect the host's ability to clear certain infections. In human visceral leishmaniasis (VL), reports on the frequency and function of nTreg are not conclusive. A limitation of our own previous studies that did not indicate a major role for Foxp3+ nTreg in VL pathogenesis was that Foxp3 was measured by mRNA expression alone, as other tools were not available at the time. We have in this study assessed CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells in splenic aspirates and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from an extensive series of patients with VL and endemic controls (EC) by flow cytometry (FACS). The results do not show increased frequencies of Foxp3+ cells in patient with VL pre- and post-treatment, neither were they elevated when compared to PBMC of EC. We conclude that active VL is not associated with increased frequencies of peripheral Foxp3 Treg or accumulation at the site of infection. [source] The World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization: On the Cross-Border Movement of PeoplePOPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT REVIEW, Issue 2 2004Article first published online: 4 APR 200 The globalization of the world economy can be measured in terms of increases in international trade, greater levels of foreign investment and technology transfers, and the liberalization of financial markets. Accompanying and facilitating these trends have been institutional innovations and reforms, creating regimes under which international economic relationships can be managed and disputes resolved. The role of the World Trade Organization is an evident case in point. The rising scale of international migration can also be seen as a globalizing trend. Here, however, with the exception of the special case of refugees, there is no governance regime in place or in prospect at the international level. Occasional past efforts by UN agencies to stimulate formal discussion of what such a regime might look like have led nowhere: countries are simply unwilling to contemplate any weakening of their sovereign right to control entry. Proposing how to fill this perceived lacuna in the international system is one of the tasks on the agenda of the Global Commission on International Migration. The Commission, an independent body set up in 2003 by a small group of UN member states, plans to present a report to the UN Secretary-General in mid-2005. In the meantime, the subject has been explored by another group,the World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization. This commission was set up by the International Labour Office in 2002. It was co-chaired by Tarja Halonen, president of Finland, and Benjamin William Mkapa, president of Tanzania. Its 24 other members included economists (among them Deepak Nayyar, Hernando de Soto, and Joseph Stiglitz), politicians, and business and labor leaders, as well as a number of ex-officio ILO representatives. After several meetings and an extensive series of consultations held during 2002 and 2003, its report, A Fair Globalization: Creating Opportunities for All, was issued in February 2004. The report argues that the benefits of globalization must be more equitably distributed. To this end, the globalizing trends in the world economy should be matched by similar advances in social and political institutions. One of the features of the existing imbalance is that "goods and capital move much more freely across borders than people do." In addition to the many other recommendations the Commission has for what it terms the governance of globalization are proposals on the management of international migration. "Fair rules for trade and capital," the Commission argues, "need to be complemented by fair rules for the movement of people." The long-run objective should be "a multilateral framework for immigration laws and consular practices,,,that would govern cross-border movement of people," paralleling "the multilateral frameworks that already exist, or are currently under discussion, concerning the cross-border movement of goods, services, technology, investment and information." The Commission's thinking on migration is in some respects reminiscent of the views of the ILO's first director, Albert Thomas, in the days of the League of Nations. Writing in 1927, Thomas envisioned, if only as a distant ideal, "some sort of supreme supernational authority which would regulate the distribution of population on rational and impartial lines, by controlling and directing migration movements and deciding on the opening-up or closing of countries to particular streams of immigration." (See the Archives section of PDR 9, no. 4.) The excerpt below consists of §428,§446 of the report, a section titled The cross-border movement of people. [source] Chiral versus racemic building blocks in supramolecular chemistry: malate salts of organic diaminesACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, Issue 3-2 2002Dorcas M. M. Farrell (S)-Malic acid forms a salt with N,N,-dimethylpiperazine, [MeN(CH2CH2)2NMe]H22+·2C4H5O5, (1) (triclinic, P1, Z, = 1), in which the cations link pairs of hydrogen-bonded anion chains to form a molecular ladder. With 4,4,-bipyridyl, (S)-malic acid forms a 1:1 adduct which crystallizes from methanol to yield two polymorphs, (2) (triclinic, P1, Z, = 1) and (3) (monoclinic, C2, Z, = 1), while racemic malic acid with 4,4,-bipyridyl also forms a 1:1 adduct, (4) (monoclinic, P21/c, Z, = 1). In each of (2), (3) and (4) the components are linked by O,H,N and N,H,O into chains of alternating bipyridyl and malate units, which are linked into sheets by O,H,O hydrogen bonds. In each of the 1:1 adducts (5) and (6), formed by, respectively, (S)-malic acid and racemic malic acid with 1,2-bis(4,-pyridyl)ethene, the diamine is disordered over two sets of sites, related by a 180° rotation about the N,N vector. In (5), (C12H10N2)H+·C4H5O5, (triclinic, P1, Z, = 1), the components are again linked by a combination of N,H,O and O,H,O hydrogen bonds into sheets, while in (6) (triclinic, P, Z, = 0.5) there is only partial transfer of the H atom from O to N and the malate component is disordered across a centre of inversion. With 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, racemic malic acid forms a 1:2 salt, [(C6H12N2)H2]2+·2C4H5O5, (7) (monoclinic, P21/c, Z, = 2), while (S)-malic acid forms a 1:1 adduct, (8) (monoclinic, P21, Z, = 3). There are thus six independent molecular components in each. In (7) the ions are linked by an extensive series of N,H,O and O,H,O hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional framework, but in (8) there is extensive disorder involving all six components, and no refinement proved to be feasible. [source] Lenalidomide, an antineoplastic drug, and its hemihydrateACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C, Issue 10 2009Krishnan Ravikumar The crystal structures of lenalidomide [systematic name: (RS)-3-(4-amino-1-oxoisoindolin-2-yl)piperidine-2,6-dione], C13H13N3O3, (I), an antineoplastic drug, and its hemihydrate, C13H13N3O3·0.5H2O, (II), have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The overall conformation of the molecule defined by the orientation of the two ring portions, viz. pyridinedione and isoindolinone, is twisted in both structures. The influence of the self-complementary pyridinedione ring is seen in the crystal packing of both structures through its involvement in forming hydrogen-bonded dimers, although alternate dione O atoms are utilized. An extensive series of N,H...O hydrogen bonds link the dimers into two-dimensional supramolecular arrays built up from infinite chains. The water molecule in (II) has a cohesive function, connecting three lenalidomide molecules by hydrogen bonds. The significance of this study lies in the analysis of the interactions in these structures and the aggregations occurring via hydrogen bonds in the hydrated and dehydrated crystalline forms of the title compound. [source] catena -Poly[[[aquachloridocopper(II)]-,- N -(6-amino-3-methyl-5-nitroso-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-yl)glycinato] monohydrate] redetermined at 120,K: a highly polarized ligand within coordination polymer chains linked by hydrogen bondsACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C, Issue 6 2009Justo Cobo In the title compound, {[Cu(C7H8N5O4)Cl(H2O)]·H2O}n, the bond lengths in the N -pyrimidinylglycinate unit provide evidence for a strongly polarized electronic structure. This ligand is coordinated to three CuII centres, resulting in the formation of a coordination polymer in the form of a chain containing two types of centrosymmetric ring. These chains are linked by an extensive series of hydrogen bonds, including O,H...O, N,H...O, O,H...Cl and N,H...Cl types, into a continuous three-dimensional structure. [source] A new light-time effect study of AR AurigaeASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN, Issue 6 2003B. Albayrak Abstract A period study of the young binary AR Aur based on the extensive series of published photoelectric/ccd minima times indicates the cyclic (O , C) variation for the system. This continuous oscillatory variation covers almost three cycles, about 6000 orbital periods, by the present observational data. It can be attributed to the light-time effect due to a third body with a period of 23.68 ± 0.17 years in the system. The analysis yields a light-time semi-amplitude of 0.0084 ± 0.0002 day and an orbital eccentricity of 0.20 ± 0.04. Adopting the total mass of AR Aur, the mass of the third body assumed in the co-planar orbit with the binary is M3 = 0.54 ± 0.03 M, and the semimajor axis of its orbit is a3 = 13.0 + 0.2 AU. (© 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Steric Modulation of Coordination Number and Reactivity in the Synthesis of Lanthanoid(III) FormamidinatesCHEMISTRY - A EUROPEAN JOURNAL, Issue 29 2007Marcus Abstract Reactions of a range of the readily prepared and sterically tunable N,N,-bis(aryl)formamidines with lanthanoid metals and bis(pentafluorophenyl)mercury (Hg(C6F5)2) in THF have given an extensive series of tris(formamidinato)lanthanoid(III) complexes, [Ln(Form)3(thf)n], namely [La(o -TolForm)3(thf)2], [Er(o -TolForm)3(thf)], [La(XylForm)3(thf)], [Sm(XylForm)3], [Ln(MesForm)3] (Ln=La, Nd, Sm and Yb), [Ln(EtForm)3] (Ln=La, Nd, Sm, Ho and Yb), and [Ln(o -PhPhForm)3] (Ln=La, Nd, Sm and Er). [For an explanation of the N,N, - bis(aryl)formamidinate abbreviations used see Scheme,1.] Analogous attempts to prepare [Yb(o -TolForm)3] by this method invariably yielded [{Yb(o -TolForm)2(,-OH)(thf)}2], but [Yb(o -TolForm)3] was isolated from a metathesis synthesis. X-ray crystal structures show exclusively N,N, - chelation of the Form ligands and a gradation in coordination number with Ln3+ size and with Form ligand bulk. The largest ligands, MesForm, EtForm and o -PhPhForm give solely homoleptic complexes, the first two being six-coordinate, the last having an ,1 -,-ArLn interaction. Reaction of lanthanoid elements and Hg(C6F5)2 with the still bulkier DippFormH in THF resulted in CF activation and formation of [Ln(DippForm)2F(thf)] (Ln=La, Ce, Nd, Sm and Tm) complexes, and o -HC6F4O(CH2)4DippForm in which the formamidine is functionalised by a ring-opened THF that has trapped tetrafluorobenzyne. Analogous reactions between Ln metals, Hg(o -HC6F4)2 and DippFormH yielded [Ln(DippForm)2F(thf)] (Ln=La, Sm and Nd) and 3,4,5-F3C6H2O(CH2)4DippForm. X-ray crystal structures of the heteroleptic fluorides show six-coordinate monomers with two chelating DippForm ligands and cisoid fluoride and THF ligands in a trigonal prismatic array. The organometallic species [Ln(DippForm)2(CCPh)(thf)] (Ln=Nd or Sm) are obtained from reaction of Nd metal, bis(phenylethynyl)mercury (Hg(CCPh)2) and DippFormH, and the oxidation of [Sm(DippForm)2(thf)2] with Hg(CCPh)2, respectively. The monomeric, six-coordinate, cisoid [Ln(DippForm)2(CCPh)(thf)] complexes have trigonal prismatic geometries and rare (for Ln) terminal CCPh groups with contrasting LnCC angles (Ln=Nd, 170.9(4)°; Ln=Sm, 142.9(7)°). Their formation lends support to the view that [Ln(DippForm)2F(thf)] complexes arise from oxidative formation and CF activation of [Ln(DippForm)2(C6F5)] intermediates. [source] | |||||||||||||