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Experimental Domain (experimental + domain)
Selected AbstractsPerformance assessment of a GCM land surface scheme using a fine-scale calibrated hydrological model: an evaluation of MOSES for the Nile BasinHYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES, Issue 11 2009Mohamed Ezzat Elshamy Abstract Land surface schemes (LSSs) represent the interface between land surface and the atmosphere in general circulation models (GCMs). Errors in LSS-simulated heat and moisture fluxes can result from inadequate representation of hydrological features and the derivation of effective surface parameters for large heterogeneous GCM gridboxes from small-scale observations. Previous assessments of LSS performance have generally compared simulated heat and moisture fluxes to observations over a defined experimental domain for a limited period. A different approach has been evaluated in this study, which uses a fine-resolution calibrated hydrological model of the study basin to provide a quasi-observed runoff series for direct comparison with simulated runoff from a selected LSS at GCM scale. The approach is tested on two GCM gridboxes covering two contrasting regions within the Nile Basin. Performance is mixed; output from the LSS is generally compatible with that of the fine-resolution model for one gridbox while it cannot reproduce the runoff dynamics for the other. The results also demonstrate the high sensitivity of runoff and evapotranspiration to radiation and precipitation inputs and show the importance of subtle issues such as temporal disaggregation of climatic inputs. We conclude that the use of a fine-resolution calibrated model to evaluate a LSS has several advantages, can be generalized to other areas to improve the performance of global models and provides useful data that can be used to constrain LSS parameterizations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The CARSO procedure in process optimizationJOURNAL OF CHEMOMETRICS, Issue 1 2003Massimo Baroni Abstract This paper reports the optimization of the operative conditions of an industrial plant, the electrolytic production of zinc by the leaching method, on applying the CARSO procedure, a response surface methodology based on PLS modelling, the peculiarity of which lies in the way the highest response value within the experimental domain is found. The results illustrate the operative ranges of a few key parameters for six different responses. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BACTERIOCIN FROM WEISSELLA PARAMESENTEROIDES DFR-8, AN ISOLATE FROM CUCUMBER (CUCUMIS SATIVUS)JOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY, Issue 5 2010AJAY PAL ABSTRACT Bacteriocin from Weissella paramesenteroides DFR-8 isolated from cucumber (Cucumis sativus) was purified by using only two steps, viz., pH-mediated cell adsorption,desorption method and gel permeation chromatography. A single peak observed in the purity check by analytical Reverse Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (Waters 600 analytical HPLC system, Milford, MA) and a single band (molecular weight,3.74 kDa) shown on SDS-PAGE analysis strongly indicated the homogeneity of the bacteriocin preparation. Treatment with proteolytic enzymes abolished the antimicrobial activity indicating the proteinaceous nature of bacteriocin. The purified bacteriocin exhibited a broad inhibitory spectrum against foodborne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms, including gram-negative bacteria such as Salmonella typhimurium, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Aeromonas hydrophila and Listeria monocytogenes. Response surface methodology was employed to study the interactive effect of temperature and pH on bacteriocin activity, and a regression equation was developed. The bacteriocin retained full activity after storage at,20C for 90 days, while partial and complete activity loss was observed when stored at 4 and 37C, respectively. PRACTICAL APPLICATION In recent years, bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria have gained much attention as food biopreservatives because of their origin from generally regarded as safe organisms. In spite of various bacteriocins studied worldwide, studies on bacteriocins of Weissella paramesenteroides remain rare. The present work involves the purification of bacteriocin up to absolute homogeneity from W. paramesenteroides, an isolate first time reported from cucumber (Cucumis sativus). The purified bacteriocin (molecular weight ,3.74 kDa) was found to inhibit a large number of foodborne pathogens, including Listeria monocytogenes, which is resistant to commercially available bacteriocin, i.e., nisin. The application of central composite rotatable design enabled us to design a regression equation from which the residual activity of bacteriocin can be predicted at any given conditions of temperature and pH within the experimental domain. The broad inhibitory spectrum and thermostability of bacteriocin suggest its potential application in food preservation. [source] The Neurogenic Basis of MigraineHEADACHE, Issue 9 2008F. Michael Cutrer MD There is accumulating evidence of a neurogenic basis of migraine. This evidence arises from both the clinical and experimental domains. Many of the well known clinical features of migraine attacks including the prodrome are not explained by changes in vascular caliber. Despite the fact that ergotamines and triptans are vasoactive does not provide substantive proof that vasoconstriction is their most important mechanism of action. Several effective treatments for migraine, both old and new, do not affect vascular caliber. Experimental evidence from investigation of both the aura and headache phases of migraine clearly supports a neural basis of migraine. All genes thus far conclusively associated with hemiplegic migraine code for neural proteins. [source] | ||||||||||