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Expired Air (expired + air)
Selected AbstractsDetection of carbon dioxide in expired air after oesophageal intubation; the role of bystander mouth-to-mouth ventilationACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 1 2008J. KRAMER-JOHANSEN Background: The identification of a correctly placed tube during anaesthesia routinely depends on the detection of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the expired air. Results: We describe a previously unreported cause of false-positive prediction in two patients with high initial values of CO2 in expired air after oesophageal intubation. Both patients had received bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation with mouth-to-mouth ventilation, and the CO2 from the rescuers' expired air was trapped and subsequently detected after oesophageal intubation. [source] Sir Humphry Davy; his researches in respiratory physiology and his debt to Antoine LavoisierANAESTHESIA, Issue 4 2002J. S. Sprigge Summary This article shows how the original works of the French scientist Antoine Lavoisier were developed by Humphry Davy, a trainee surgeon from Cornwall, while he was working as a physiologist. Antoine Lavoisier had worked out how oxidation involved the consumption of oxygen and the release of energy. Davy's book, Researches Chemical and Philosophical, Chiefly Concerning Nitrous Oxide, published in 1799, describes the measurement of his own lung volumes, including the first recorded measurement of the residual volume. He measured his own rates of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production. He is famous for his investigations into nitrous oxide, but he also investigated the effects of breathing nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. He made these observations with a gasometer and analysis of his expired air, and his work anticipates the invention of blood gas analysis. [source] Analysis of exhaled breath from smokers, passive smokers and non-smokers by solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometryBIOMEDICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY, Issue 5 2009Bogus, aw Buszewski Abstract In this study, 38 samples of expired air were collected and analyzed from 20 non-smoking volunteers, four passive smokers and 14 smokers (21 women and 17 men). Measurements were carried out using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) as an isolation and preconcentration technique. The determination and identification were accomplished by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Our data showed that ca 32% of all identified compounds in the breath of healthy non-smokers were saturated hydrocarbons. In the breath of smoking and passive smoking volunteers hydrocarbons were predominant, but also present were more exogenous analytes such as furan, acetonitrile and benzene than in the breath of non-smokers. Acetonitrile, furan, 3-methylfuran, 2,5-dimethylfuran, 2-butanone, octane and decane were identified in breath of smoking and passive smoking persons. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination of bevirimat in ratsBIOPHARMACEUTICS AND DRUG DISPOSITION, Issue 7 2008Peter Bullock Abstract Bevirimat is the first drug in the class of maturation inhibitors, which treat HIV infection by disrupting the activity of HIV protease enzyme with a mechanism of action distinct from that of conventional protease inhibitors. The absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination characteristics of single intravenous (25,mg/kg) and oral (25,mg/kg and 600,mg/kg) doses of 14C-bevirimat were studied in male Sprague Dawley and Long Evans rats. Pharmacokinetic and mass-balance studies revealed that bevirimat was cleared rapidly (within 12,24,h) after dosing, although plasma radioactivity was quantifiable up to 168,h. Radioactive metabolites of bevirimat were responsible for approximately 60,80% of plasma radioactivity. Systemically available bevirimat was predominantly (97%) excreted via bile in the faeces, with ,1% of the dose excreted renally. Less than 0.1% of the dose was excreted in expired air. Quantitative whole-body autoradiography detected high quantities of radioactivity in the bile and liver soon after intravenous dose administration, and evidence of biliary excretion present during the 8,h following oral dosing. Oral bioavailability for the 25,mg/kg dose of bevirimat was estimated at 22,24% by pharmacokinetic and mass-balance methods, with bioavailability decreasing disproportionately with increasing dose for the 600,mg/kg group. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||