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Expanded Version (expanded + version)
Selected AbstractsA theory-based measure of conflict management strategies in the workplaceJOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR, Issue 6 2001Carsten K. W. De Dreu Conflict management influences individual wellbeing, group performance and organizational effectiveness. This research examined the psychometric qualities of two versions of the newly developed test for conflict handling. The lean version (Study 1 and 2) included problem solving, forcing, yielding and avoiding as distinct conflict management strategies, and the expanded version (Study 3) also included compromising. A negotiation study (Study 1) showed substantial convergence between self-reports, opponent-reports and observer rated behavior for problem solving, forcing and yielding, but not for avoiding. In Study 2 and Study 3 the psychometric properties were examined of the lean and the expanded version, respectively. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed good to excellent psychometric qualities of both versions of the scale. We conclude that the scale is a parsimonious, flexible and valid instrument to assess conflict management strategies at work. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Fatigue rating scales critique and recommendations by the Movement Disorders Society task force on rating scales for Parkinson's disease,MOVEMENT DISORDERS, Issue 7 2010Joseph H. Friedman MD Abstract Fatigue has been shown to be a consistent and common problem in Parkinson's disease (PD) in multiple countries and cultures. It is one of the most disabling of all symptoms, including motor dysfunction, and appears early, often predating the onset of motor symptoms. Several studies of the epidemiology of fatigue have been published, often using different scales, but few on treatment. The Movement Disorder Society (MDS) commissioned a task force to assess available clinical rating scales, critique their psychometric properties, summarize their clinical properties, and evaluate the evidence in support of their use in clinical studies in PD. Six clinical researchers reviewed all studies published in peer reviewed journals of fatigue in PD, evaluated the scales' previous use, performance parameters, and quality of validation data, if available. Scales were rated according to criteria provided by the MDS. A scale was "recommended" if it has been used in clinical studies beyond the group that developed it, has been used in PD and psychometric studies have established that it is a valid, reliable and sensitive to change in people with PD. Requiring a scale to have demonstrated sensitivity to change in PD specifically rather than in other areas in order to attain a rating of "recommended" differs from the use of this term in previous MDS task force scale reviews. "Suggested" scales failed to meet all the criteria of a "recommended" scale, usually the criterion of sensitivity to change in a study of PD. Scales were "listed" if they had been used in PD studies but had little or no psychometric data to assess. Some scales could be used both to screen for fatigue as well as to assess fatigue severity, but some were only used to assess severity. The Fatigue Severity Scale was "recommended" for both screening and severity rating. The Fatigue Assessment Inventory, an expanded version of the Fatigue severity Scale, is "suggested" for both screening and severity. The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue was "recommended" for screening and "suggested" for severity. The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory was "suggested" for screening and "recommended" for severity. The Parkinson Fatigue Scale was "recommended" for screening and "suggested" for severity rating. The Fatigue Severity Inventory was "listed" for both screening and severity. The Fatigue Impact Scale for Daily Use, an adaptation of the Fatigue Impact Scale was "listed" for screening and "suggested" for severity. Visual Analogue and Global Impression Scales are both "listed" for screening and severity. The committee concluded that current scales are adequate for fatigue studies in PD but that studies on sensitivity and specificity of the scales are still needed. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society [source] Fair Copy: Protecting Access to Scientific Information in Post-War BritainTHE MODERN LAW REVIEW, Issue 2 2010Brad Sherman This paper extends recent discussions about copyright and the public domain by looking at attempts in post-war Britain to promote access to scientific information. More specifically, it concentrates on the Royal Society's Fair Copy Declaration (1950) and the related library copying provisions introduced in the Copyright Act 1956, which were designed to protect access to information. While the UK library copying provisions were presented as an expanded version of the Fair Copy Declaration recast in a statutory format, we show that the library copying provisions reflected a specific way of thinking about creation, production and distribution that differed markedly from those that underpinned the Fair Copy Declaration. We also argue that the logic of creation reflected in the library copying provisions shaped copyright law over the course of the twentieth century and beyond. [source] Secular changes in the quality of published randomized clinical trials in rheumatologyARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 3 2002Catherine L. Hill Objective To assess the quality of published randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in rheumatology and to determine whether there has been improvement in quality between 2 time periods, 1987,1988 and 1997,1998. Methods Using MEDLINE and a hand search of selected rheumatology journals, we identified RCTs of adult rheumatic diseases published in English in 1987,1988 or 1997,1998. We examined trial quality with an expanded version of the Jadad scale, which assesses the adequacy of reported random sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding, and analysis. All trials were read by 1 reviewer, with prior standardization using a random sample read by 2 reviewers. We also evaluated "high"- versus "low"-impact journals based on citation index. Results Two hundred forty RCTs (1987,1988 119 RCTs, 1997,1998 121 RCTs) were assessed. Results showed improvement in the quality of the trials, but the rates of reported random sequence generation, allocation concealment, power, and intent-to-treat analyses were persistently low. Low rates of reports of random sequence generation, allocation concealment, and intent-to-treat analyses were present even in the high-impact journals. Conclusion There has been improvement in the quality of reporting of RCTs in rheumatology between 1987,1988 and 1997,1998. However, methodologic problems such as lack of allocation concealment, inadequate random sequence generation, lack of reporting of power, and lack of intent-to-treat analyses remain common. Many of these problems are established sources of bias in RCTs and are easily rectifiable. [source] Calix[n]bispyrrolylbenzenes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Preliminary Anion Binding StudiesCHEMISTRY - A EUROPEAN JOURNAL, Issue 7 2005Jonathan L. Sessler Prof. Abstract A series of novel calixpyrrole-like macrocycles, calix[n]bis(pyrrol-2-yl)benzene (calix[n]BPBs, n=2,4) 9,a,11,a, have been synthesized by means of the TFA-catalyzed condensation reaction of bis(pyrrol-2-yl)benzene 8,a with acetone. Calix[2]BPB 9,a represents an expanded version of calix[4]pyrrole in which two of the four meso bridges are replaced by benzene rings. By contrast, systems 10,a and 11,a, which bear great considerable to calixbipyrroles 2 and 3, represent higher homologues of the basic calix[n]BPB motif. Solution-phase anion binding studies, carried out by means of 1H NMR spectroscopic titrations in [D2]dichloromethane and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) in 1,2-dichloroethane, reveal that 9,a binds typical small anions with substantially higher affinities than 1, even though the same number of hydrogen bonding donor groups are found in both compounds. The basic building block for 9,a, benzene dipyrrole 8,a, also displays a higher affinity for anions than the building block for 1, dimethyldipyrromethane 16. Structural studies, carried out by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, are consistent with the solution-phase results and reveal that 9,a is able to stabilize complexes with chloride and nitrate in the solid state. Structures of the PF6, and NO3, complexes of 10,a were also solved as were those of the acetone adduct of 9,a and the ethyl acetate adduct of 11,a. [source] | ||||||||||