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Exercise Activities (exercise + activity)

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Medical Sciences100%

Selected Abstracts

Decreased Arteriolar Sensitivity to Shear Stress in Adult Rats is Reversed by Chronic Exercise Activity

MICROCIRCULATION, Issue 2 2002
Dong Sun M.D., Ph.D.
Objective: We tested the hypothesis that the decline in endothelium-dependent arteriolar dilation in adult rats is reversed by chronic exercise activity. Methods: Rats were divided into young (8,10 weeks)-sedentary (SEDY), adult (29,32 weeks)-sedentary (SEDA), and adult-exercised (EXA, treadmill exercise for 18,20 weeks) groups. Responses of isolated arterioles (,50 µm at 80 mm Hg) of gracilis muscle were assessed to increases in perfusate flow and vasoactive agents. Results: With no differences in basal tone, maximal flow-induced dilations were not different between arterioles of SEDY and SEDA rats (71 ± 2 and 72 ± 2% of passive diameter, respectively), yet the sensitivity of arterioles to shear stress (WSS50) was significantly less in SEDA than in SEDY rats (35 ± 4 vs. 23 ± 3 dyne/cm2, respectively). In vessels of EXA rats, maximal flow-induced dilation was significantly augmented (88 ± 2% of passive diameter) and WSS50 (15 ± 1 dyn/cm2) was significantly reduced. Dilation to acetylcholine was enhanced in arterioles of EXA, whereas dilation to sodium nitroprusside was not different in vessels of the three groups. Conclusion: Chronic exercise activity reverses age related reduction in sensitivity of arterioles to increases in wall shear stress. [source]

Non-pharmacological approaches for dementia that informal carers might try or access: a systematic review

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 7 2010
Claire Hulme
Abstract Objective To review non-drug treatments for dementia; to provide a source of evidence for informal carers who want ideas about non-drug approaches for dementia, that they might try or that they could try to access. The systematic review addresses: what non-drug treatments work and what do they work for? What non-drug treatments might work and what for? What non-drug treatments do not work? Methods Literature searches of seven electronic databases (AMED, CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PSYCINFO, Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews and DARE) were carried out in November 2007 using the following search terms (or derivatives): dementia/Alzheimer's AND Review AND non-drug therapies and aimed at finding systematic reviews. Results Thirty-three reviews were identified; 25 were judged to be high or good quality. Studies within these systematic reviews were characterised by weak study designs with small sample numbers. Three interventions were found to be effective for use with particular symptoms of dementia: music or music therapy, hand massage or gentle touch and physical activity/exercise. Conclusions Whilst informal carers can apply some of the interventions highlighted in the home setting at little or no cost to themselves or to health or social care services, others are likely to require training or instruction. Service providers and commissioners should explore current and future provision of more structured group activities for people with dementia; in particular the provision of group music therapy and group exercise activities that meet the needs of both the person with dementia and their carer. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Participation in organized weekly physical exercise in obese adolescents reduced daily physical activity

ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 2 2009
Maria Hagströmer
Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the impact of organized weekly exercise for 13 weeks on aerobic fitness, objectively assessed habitual physical activity and body weight in obese adolescents. Methods: After inclusion and diagnostic evaluation, the adolescents were randomized to either an exercise group or to a control group which lasted for 13 weeks and consisted of a variety of group exercise activities. Out of 47 adolescents 31 (66%) could be evaluated, 16 in the exercise group and 15 in the control group. Results: After the intervention, the exercise group had decreased the daily time spent in moderate activity by 17 (32) min/day (p < 0.05), and the average intensity by 60 (96) counts/min (p < 0.05). A tendency for increased time spent in inactivity was found (37 min/day). No differences were seen in the control group for any of the variables measured. Conclusion: The exercise group showed, in contrast to expectations, a reduction in total daily physical activity with organized physical exercise compared to the control group. This may partly explain the failure of many intervention trials. [source]

Decreased Arteriolar Sensitivity to Shear Stress in Adult Rats is Reversed by Chronic Exercise Activity

MICROCIRCULATION, Issue 2 2002
Dong Sun M.D., Ph.D.
Objective: We tested the hypothesis that the decline in endothelium-dependent arteriolar dilation in adult rats is reversed by chronic exercise activity. Methods: Rats were divided into young (8,10 weeks)-sedentary (SEDY), adult (29,32 weeks)-sedentary (SEDA), and adult-exercised (EXA, treadmill exercise for 18,20 weeks) groups. Responses of isolated arterioles (,50 µm at 80 mm Hg) of gracilis muscle were assessed to increases in perfusate flow and vasoactive agents. Results: With no differences in basal tone, maximal flow-induced dilations were not different between arterioles of SEDY and SEDA rats (71 ± 2 and 72 ± 2% of passive diameter, respectively), yet the sensitivity of arterioles to shear stress (WSS50) was significantly less in SEDA than in SEDY rats (35 ± 4 vs. 23 ± 3 dyne/cm2, respectively). In vessels of EXA rats, maximal flow-induced dilation was significantly augmented (88 ± 2% of passive diameter) and WSS50 (15 ± 1 dyn/cm2) was significantly reduced. Dilation to acetylcholine was enhanced in arterioles of EXA, whereas dilation to sodium nitroprusside was not different in vessels of the three groups. Conclusion: Chronic exercise activity reverses age related reduction in sensitivity of arterioles to increases in wall shear stress. [source]

Chronic effect of ferulic acid from Pseudosasa japonica leaves on enhancing exercise activity in mice

PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 10 2010
Yanghee You
Abstract Ferulic acid derived from Pseudosasa japonica leaves, which possessed antioxidative potentials with DPPH- (54%) and ABTs- (65%) radical scavenging activities, and lipid-peroxidation inhibitory activity (71%), was orally administered to mice for 12 days in order to investigate its effects on exercise endurance capacity and alterations of antioxidant defense systems. Exhaustive swimming time was increased in the ferulic acid-supplemented group compared with the control group on days 6 and 12 (1.7- and 1.8-fold, respectively). When the mice were exhaustively exercised for 2 consecutive days, a high decrease (53%) was shown in the control group, but no change was found in the ferulic acid-treated group. The administration of ferulic acid significantly protected the depletion of enzymatic- and non enzymatic-antioxidants due to exhaustive exercise. Also, lipid-peroxidation levels decreased in the ferulic acid-treated group compared with the non exercised- and control-groups. These results suggest that ferulic acid from Pseudosasa japonica leaves has a chronic effect on endurance exercise capacity, which is attributed to its ability to ameliorate oxidative stress by improving antioxidant potentials. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]