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Excess Weight (excess + weight)

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Medical Sciences100%

Terms modified by Excess Weight

  • excess weight loss
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    Selected Abstracts

    Improvements in insulin sensitivity and ,-cell function (HOMA) with weight loss in the severely obese

    DIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 2 2003
    J. B. Dixon
    Abstract Aims To examine the effect of weight loss on insulin sensitivity and ,-cell function in severely obese subjects of varying glycaemic control. Patients and methods Subjects were 254 (F:M 209:45) patients having adjustable gastric banding for severe obesity, with paired biochemical data from before operation and at 1-year follow up. The homeostatic model assessment method was used to calculate insulin sensitivity (HOMA%S) and ,-cell function (HOMA%B). Subjects were grouped by diabetic status and by pre-weight loss HbA1c. Results Initial mean (sd) weight and body mass index were 128 (26) kg and 46.2 (7.7) kg/m2, respectively, and at 1-year were 101 (22) kg and 36.4 (6.7) kg/m2. The percentage of excess weight lost (%EWL) was 44.3 (14)%. HOMA%S improved from 37.5 (16)% presurgery to 62 (25)% (P < 0.001). %EWL was the only predictor of HOMA%S improvement (r = 0.28, P < 0.001). Subjects with normal fasting glucose, impaired fasting glucose and Type 2 diabetes had a fall, no change and increase in HOMA%B, respectively. The improvement in HOMA%B in subjects with diabetes (n = 39) was inversely related to the time with diabetes (r = ,0.36, P = 0.02). In non-diabetic subjects the HOMA%S,HOMA%B relationship was favourably altered with weight loss, so that for any given HOMA%S there was an increase in HOMA%B (f = 11.8, P = 0.001). This improvement in HOMA%B was positively related to %EWL (r = 0.25, P = 0.019). Discussion There are beneficial changes in both insulin sensitivity and ,-cell function with weight loss. Modern laparoscopic obesity surgery may have an important early role in the management of Type 2 diabetes in obese subjects. [source]

    Neuropeptide Y and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone: interaction in obesity and possible role in the development of hypertension

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 9 2008
    M. Baltatzi
    Summary Aim:, Obesity and hypertension frequently coexist and both represent important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms implicated in the regulation of food intake have not been completely elucidated. Recent data suggests that peripheral and central neuropeptides play an important role in the maintenance of energy balance. More specifically, leptin, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (a-MSH) appear to be implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity and also contribute to the development of hypertension in obesity. Methods:, Analysis of the pertinent bibliography published in PubMed database. Results:, Leptin is produced in the adipose tissue directly correlated with fat tissue mass. Leptin acts on two distinct neural populations in the hypothalamus: the first expresses the orexigenic peptides NPY and agouti-related protein (AgRP), the second pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC). The activation of POMC neurons increases the production of the anorexigenic hormone a-MSH and inhibits the release of NPY and AgRP. In addition, the hypothalamus integrates the neuroendocrine systems with the autonomic nervous system and controls the activity of the latter. Stimulation of hypothalamic nuclei elicits sympathetic responses including blood pressure elevation. Both NPY and a-MSH appears to be implicated in the hypothalamic regulation of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity. Conclusion:, Alterations in leptin, NPY and a-MSH are frequently observed in obesity and might stimulate SNS activity, contributing to the development of hypertension in obese patients. These neuropeptides might provide a pathophysiologic link between excess weight and hypertension. However, more research is needed before the pharmacologic manipulation of these complex neuroendocrine systems can be applied in the treatment of obesity and hypertension. [source]

    Would a "one-handed" scientist lack rigor?

    AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 3 2008
    How scientists discuss the work-relatedness of musculoskeletal disorders in formal, informal communications
    Abstract Background When research results concerning occupational health are expressed ambiguously, compensation and prevention can be affected. This study examined the language used by scientists to discuss the relation between work and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Methods Language regarding work and MSDs in twenty articles from two peer-reviewed journals was compared with that in 94 messages on MSDs posted by published scientists to an internet list. Results Almost all the articles found some link between work and MSDs. However, few articles expressed belief in such a link unambiguously in the title or abstract, and language on links was often hard for a non-health scientist to interpret. Language and methods gave excess weight to negative results. On the listserve, many scientists expressed unambiguous views on linkages between work and MSDs. Conclusions Scientists must express their opinions more forthrightly if they wish their results to be used to favour prevention and to foster access to workers' compensation. Am. J. Ind. Med. 51:173,185, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

    Laparoscopic revision of gastric band surgery

    ANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Issue 5 2010
    Stephanie Bardsley
    Abstract Aim:, To identify the outcome of laparoscopic revision of gastric band surgery with respect to percentage of excess weight lost (%EWL). Methods:, Analysis of a prospective database was then performed and %EWL was plotted with respect to time from initial procedure and also time from revision procedure. Results:, All revision operations were performed laparoscopically. There were no patient deaths, but two serious complications. Percentage excess weight loss after replacement of the band because of prosthetic failure or dysphagia was 57% at an average follow-up of 19 months. For repositioning of the band due to slippage, the %EWL was 72% at an average of 15 months follow-up for those who had the existing band repositioned, and 42% at an average of 23 months follow-up for those who had a new band repositioned. Conclusion:, Revision laparoscopic gastric band surgery is a safe option for patients, and results in good %EWL at an average follow-up period of 19 months. [source]

    BT04 LAPAROSCOPIC REVISION OF GASTRIC BAND SURGERY

    ANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Issue 2009
    S. Bardsley
    Aim: , To identify the outcome of laparoscopic revision of gastric band surgery with respect to percentage of excess weight lost (%EWL). Methods: , Analysis of a prospective database was performed and %EWL was plotted with respect to time from initial procedure and also time from revision procedure. Results: , All revision operations were performed laparoscopically. There were no patient deaths, but two serious complications. Percentage Excess Weight Loss after replacement of the band because of prosthetic failure or dysphagia was 57% at an average follow up of 19 months. For repositioning of the band due to slippage, the %EWL was 72% at an average of 15 months follow up for those who had the existing band repositioned, and 42% at an average of 23 months follow up for those who had a new band repositioned. Conclusion: , Revision laparoscopic gastric band surgery is a safe option for patients, and results in good %EWL at an average follow up period of 19 months. [source]