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Ethical Perspectives (ethical + perspective)
Selected AbstractsEmergency Department Crowding: An Ethical PerspectiveACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 8 2007MPhil, Shantanu Agrawal MD No abstract is available for this article. [source] Regional Cultural Differences and Ethical Perspectives within the United States: Avoiding Pseudo-emic Ethics ResearchBUSINESS AND SOCIETY REVIEW, Issue 1 2010BRENT MACNAB ABSTRACT National cultures are often described as if they were homogeneous in spite of notable regional differences. As one example, there are significant differences between two distinct regions of the United States, Hawaii and Florida. This study provides a platform to exemplify a more regionally aware position for cultural and ethics research. Using select Hofstede cultural dimensions, regional differences were found in relation to both collectivism/individualism and uncertainty avoidance. The Hawaii sample had higher levels of collectivism and uncertainty avoidance, demonstrating unique regional-cultural patterns within the United States. Regional samples were examined for potential differences in their general perception of what constitutes ethical business practice. While honesty appeared as a key trait across samples, significant differences emerged in the magnitude of importance between samples for integrity (which was more significant for the Hawaii sample) and loyalty (which was more significant for the Florida sample). [source] Integrating Leadership Styles and Ethical PerspectivesCANADIAN JOURNAL OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES, Issue 4 2001Edward Aronson This paper reviews two major ethical theories and the manner in which the values they espouse are associated with the directive, transactional, and transformational leadership styles. A model of ethical leadership is proposed which relates the dimensions of these styles to the level of the leader's moral development. Transformational leadership appears to be most closely connected to deontology, while transactional leadership would seem to be related more to teleological ethics, and directive leadership to ethical egoism, a category of teleology. The paper concludes with some suggestions for future research. Résumé Cette étude passe en revue deux théories principales d'éthiques et la façon dont les valeurs qu'elles compren-nent sont liées aux styles de leadership directif, transac-tionnel, et transformationnel. L'auteur présente un mo-dèle de leadership éthique dans lequel les dimensions de ces styles sont associées au niveau de développement moral du leader. Le leadership transformationnel semble être lié plus étroitement à la déontologie tandis que le leadership transactionnel serait associé plutôt à l'éthique téléologique et le leadership directif à l'égo-ïsnie éthique, une catégorie de la téléologie. L'étude se termine par quelques suggestions de recherches ultérieures. [source] Ethical perspectives of the Australian live export tradeAUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 9 2005CJC PHILLIPS Objective To examine the ethical perspectives of the Australian live export trade. Design and method The perspectives of farmers and other industry personnel, overseas consumers, the Australian public, veterinarians and the assumed interests of transported animals are compared in relation to the ethical consequences. Animal welfare, societal, personal and professional ethics are identified and the ratification of different perspectives considered. Results and conclusions There are positive and negative aspects of the trade for each stakeholder group, and the overall position adopted by any individual reflects their perspective of the balance of these components. The debate as to whether Australia should continue with the trade will be best served by consideration of the interests of all parties in the trade, including the consumers and animals, which are among the most affected by the trade. There is a need for further research to address the major welfare problems for the animals, an openness to inspection on the part of the trade and balance in media reporting. [source] A critical appraisal of evidence-based medicine: some ethical considerationsJOURNAL OF EVALUATION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 2 2003M. Gupta MD CM FRCPC MA Abstract Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is a concept that has grown to dominate the medical literature over the last decade. EBM has provoked a variety of criticisms, scientific, philosophical and sociological. However, while its basic conclusion , that we should practise EBM , is ethical, there has been limited ethical analysis of EBM. This paper aims to provide an analysis of EBM from an ethical perspective and identify some of EBM's potential ethical implications. Following a description of what constitutes EBM, this paper will identify and assess some of the basic values and epistemological assumptions of EBM that provide support for the moral duty to practise EBM. It will then examine potential ethical implications that could arise from practising EBM, given the challenges that have been made of EBM's assumptions and claims to authority. This paper will conclude by arguing that practitioners could strengthen the ethics of EBM by embracing a broader definition of evidence and including ethical criteria in the critical appraisal of research studies. [source] The Ethical Outlook of Micro Business OperatorsJOURNAL OF SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT, Issue 4 2002Stuart Dawson This paper reports the findings of an investigation into the ethical outlook of micro business operators. The study was conducted in Australia and is the first such examination of ethical perspectives in this segment of the business population. Micro business is internationally recognizable, economically significant, and strongly entrepreneurial, and it has a high level of control over the values it enacts. The study indicates that ethical considerations are important to Australian micro business operators. While no one single ethical perspective was dominant, nonreligious beliefs and principles were found to be the most important determinant of their ethical values. Some variation was discovered in operator attitudes based on age, gender, and education. [source] The dilemma and reality of transplant tourism: An ethical perspective for liver transplant programsLIVER TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 2 2010Thomas D. Schiano Transplant programs are likely to encounter increasing numbers of patients who return after receiving an organ transplant abroad. These patients will require ongoing medical care to monitor their immunosuppression and to provide treatment when the need arises. Transplant societies have condemned transplantation with organs purchased abroad and with organs procured from executed prisoners in China. Nevertheless, transplant programs require guidance on how to respond to the needs of returning transplant tourists and to the needs of patients who may choose to become transplant tourists. This discussion presents a case that raised such issues in our program. It goes on to offer reasons for considering a program's responses in terms of the most relevant principles of medical ethics, namely beneficence and nonjudgmental regard. Liver Transpl 16:113,117, 2010. © 2010 AASLD. [source] Ethical Values of Transactional and Transformational LeadersCANADIAN JOURNAL OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES, Issue 4 2001Rabindra N. Kanungo Ethical leadership literature (Bass & Steidlmeier, 1999; Kanungo & Mendonca, 1996) suggests that authentic transformational leadership must be based on some moral foundation. Such literature is not as clear, however, on whether transactional leadership can have moral foundation as well. The paper argues that transformational and transactional leadership behaviours are judged to be ethical based on two different sets of values, motives, and assumptions. These values, motives, and assumptions are grounded in two types of ethical perspective for understanding the behaviour of the two types of leaders. Transformational leaders have an organic worldview and moral altruistic motives grounded in a deontological perspective. Transactional leaders, on the other hand, have an atomistic worldview and mutual altruistic motives grounded in a teleological perspective. Résumé La littérature sur le leadership éthique (Bass & Steidlmeier, 1999; Kanungo & Mendonca, 1996) suggère que le leadership transformationnel authentique doit être basé sur des fondements moraux quelconques. Par con-tre, la littérature ne précise pas si le leadership trans-actionnel doit aussi avoir des fondements moraux. Cette étude démontre que les comportements de leadership transformationnels ainsi que transactionnels sont jugés comme étant basés sur deux différents groupes de valeurs, motifs et suppositions en ce qui attrait à l'éthique. Ces valeurs, motifs et suppositions sont fondés sur deux types de perspectives éthiques defaçon à com-prendre le comportement des deux types de leaders. Les leaders transformationnels out une perception orga-nique du monde ainsi que des motifs moraux altruistes basés sur une perspective déontologique. À l'opposé, les leaders transactionnels ont une perception atomiste du monde et des motifs mutuels basés sur une perspective téléologique. [source] The Ethical Outlook of Micro Business OperatorsJOURNAL OF SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT, Issue 4 2002Stuart Dawson This paper reports the findings of an investigation into the ethical outlook of micro business operators. The study was conducted in Australia and is the first such examination of ethical perspectives in this segment of the business population. Micro business is internationally recognizable, economically significant, and strongly entrepreneurial, and it has a high level of control over the values it enacts. The study indicates that ethical considerations are important to Australian micro business operators. While no one single ethical perspective was dominant, nonreligious beliefs and principles were found to be the most important determinant of their ethical values. Some variation was discovered in operator attitudes based on age, gender, and education. [source] 1.,Globalization and Violence: The Challenge to EthicsAMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY, Issue 1 2009Edward Demenchonok Despite its many benefits, globalization has proven to harbor a good deal of violence. This is not only a matter of the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction inaugurated by the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, but includes many forms of indirect or "structural violence" resulting from the routine of economic and political institutions on the global scale. In this essay, the multifaceted phenomena of violence are approached from the standpoint of ethics. The prevailing political thinking associated with "realism" fails to address the problems of militarism and of hegemonic unilateralism. In contrast, many philosophers are critically rethinking the problem of global violence from different ethical perspectives. Despite sharing similar concerns, philosophers nevertheless differ over the role of philosophical reflection and the potentials of reason. These differences appear in two contrasting approaches associated with postmodern philosophy and discourse ethics. In the analysis of discourse ethics, attention is paid to Karl-Otto Apel's attempt of philosophically grounding a macroethics of planetary co-responsibility. At the heart of the essay is the analysis of the problem of violence, including terrorism, by Jürgen Habermas, who explains the phenomenon of violence in terms of the theory of communicative action as the breakdown of communication. Jacques Derrida's deconstruction of the notion of "terrorism" also is analyzed. According to the principle of discourse ethics, all conflicts between human beings ought to be settled in a way free of violence, through discourses and negotiations. These philosophers conclude that the reliance on force does not solve social and global problems, including those that are the source of violence. The only viable alternative is the "dialogical" multilateral relations of peaceful coexistence and cooperation among the nations for solving social and global problems. They emphasize the necessity of strengthening the international rule of law and institutions, such as a reformed United Nations. [source] Rhetoric, ethics and reading in the Renaissance1RENAISSANCE STUDIES, Issue 1 2005Peter Mack In the Renaissance, and particularly in Renaissance practices of reading, ethics and rhetoric worked together. Rhetorical techniques practised in the grammar school enabled Erasmus, Montaigne and Shakespeare to question moral commonplaces and develop new ethical perspectives. [source] INVENTING A PUBLIC ANTHROPOLOGY WITH LATINO FARM LABOR ORGANIZERS IN NORTH CAROLINAANNALS OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL PRACTICE, Issue 1 2009Sandy Smith-Nonini In this article, I summarize my experience conducting "an experiment in public anthropology" involving ethnographic fieldwork on a labor union struggle from the standpoint of volunteer work with community advocates for farm labor rights in North Carolina between 1998 and 2004. Theoretical rationales for participatory action research, issues of access, pros and cons from an information-gathering perspective, and ethical perspectives are discussed. [source] Ethical perspectives of the Australian live export tradeAUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 9 2005CJC PHILLIPS Objective To examine the ethical perspectives of the Australian live export trade. Design and method The perspectives of farmers and other industry personnel, overseas consumers, the Australian public, veterinarians and the assumed interests of transported animals are compared in relation to the ethical consequences. Animal welfare, societal, personal and professional ethics are identified and the ratification of different perspectives considered. Results and conclusions There are positive and negative aspects of the trade for each stakeholder group, and the overall position adopted by any individual reflects their perspective of the balance of these components. The debate as to whether Australia should continue with the trade will be best served by consideration of the interests of all parties in the trade, including the consumers and animals, which are among the most affected by the trade. There is a need for further research to address the major welfare problems for the animals, an openness to inspection on the part of the trade and balance in media reporting. 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