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Ethical Obligations (ethical + obligation)
Selected AbstractsHuman Resource Management: Meeting the Ethical Obligations of the FunctionBUSINESS AND SOCIETY REVIEW, Issue 1 2010KEN SLOAN ABSTRACT Effective human resources management (HRM) is focused on the only dynamic asset of the organization, its people; and, behind every business issue ultimately lies a human issue. Thus, the ethical adequacy of responses to all business issues rests on judgments made by individuals. HRM has a role to play as organizations address ethical challenges and as many strive to become ethical organizations. This article outlines three key responsibilities of HRM with regard to supporting an organization's efforts to become an ethical organization: (1) to establish ethical HR practices; (2) to facilitate the change process as all functions move to ethical business practices; and (3) to create cultures that build individual ethical capability and commitment to the goal of becoming an ethical organization. [source] Ethical aspects of technical safetyHUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS IN MANUFACTURING & SERVICE INDUSTRIES, Issue 3 2003Carl Friedrich Gethmann Uncertainty and inequality are the most important phenomena that lead to the situation in which the modern technical age, in contrast to the premodern technical phase, gives rise to specifically moral problems which in the premodern era played only a marginal role or no role at all. So modern, technically constituted societies must learn to develop from the initial perception of dangers to a rational risk assessment. To justify this ethical obligation, the first section discusses the relation between danger and risk. The problem of weighing risks is analyzed in the second section; in this context the concept of pragmatic consistency is introduced. In the third section, the term safety is explicated as a comparative concept by means of the principle of pragmatic consistency. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 13: 243,252, 2003. [source] ,So that we might have roses in December': The functions of autobiographical memoryAPPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 8 2009John F. Kihlstrom Autobiographical memory is not merely declarative and episodic in nature. It also entails explicit self-reference, chronological organization and causal relations. It entails conscious recollection, in terms of remembering, knowing, feeling or believing. Its functions may be agentic or nonagentic, but all are assigned, not intrinsic, and thus are observer-relative features of reality. Questions about function risk committing the adaptationist fallacy. Intrapersonally, autobiographical memory is a critical component in the mental representation of self. Interpersonally, autobiographical memory provides a basis for establishing and maintaining social relationships. Autobiographical memory is an individual right, and it may also be an ethical obligation. The popularity of memoir as a literary genre indicates that it is also a means of making money. In a future world of artificial minds with infinite capacity for data storage, there still will be no substitute for the human capacity to remember what really matters and forget what does not. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Severe Mental Illness Needs Empirically Supported Assessment and TreatmentsCLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY: SCIENCE AND PRACTICE, Issue 4 2006Leslie Sim This commentary describes the prevailing mental health-care paradigm as hindering the advantageous and sensible utilization of psychologists in the treatment of individuals with severe mental illness (SMI). The commentary suggests that the failure to utilize clinical psychology in treating SMI is part of a longstanding trend toward the narrow viewing of SMI as exclusively biological conditions requiring medical treatment exclusively. In neglecting a host of treatment interventions, a broad knowledge base of empirically supported treatments, and specific assessment skills available to clinical psychologists, an opportunity is missed to better enhance the lives of the individuals with SMI and even facilitate the effectiveness of biological interventions. This commentary raises the troubling implications of the underutilization of psychologists in the care of those with SMI, including the moral imperative raised by our absence, the neglect of the development and implementation of effective psychological interventions, and the erroneous message this absence sends about what it is that psychologists practice and who they are able to help. This commentary describes some of the ways in which clinical psychologists have contributed to the care of SMI and argues that the expertise of clinical psychologists in empirically supported assessment and treatment is a resource that should not be deprived to members of society desperately in need of treatments if we are to continue to reduce suffering and enhance quality of life. This commentary elucidates some ways in which members of the profession of clinical psychology can meet their ethical obligation to take part in the treatment of SMI. [source] ENSURING AUTHENTIC YOUTH PARTICIPATION IN DELINQUENCY CASES: CREATING A PARADIGM FOR SPECIALIZED JUVENILE DEFENSE PRACTICEFAMILY COURT REVIEW, Issue 3 2007Patricia Puritz In delinquency courts, juvenile defense attorneys are essential for guaranteeing children's due process rights and encouraging their meaningful participation in the proceedings. Yet, indigent defense delivery systems are largely failing youth accused of committing crimes. This article highlights the importance of developing systems that support the highly specialized practice area of juvenile defense. To protect their clients' rights and meet their ethical obligations, juvenile defense attorneys must zealously advocate for their clients' expressed interests and must strategically address the biases and misunderstandings prevalent in delinquency courts. Specifically, defense attorneys must vigorously challenge systemic race, class, and gender injustices; incorporate expert knowledge of youth development into their advocacy; and protect clients' mental health and educational interests. Such holistic representation promotes rehabilitation and reduces recidivism. Because of numerous obstacles that currently impede defense attorneys from engaging in such exemplary practice, systemic reforms are necessary to support high-quality defense representation and, ultimately, ensure that youths' rights are protected. [source] Inducements for medical and health research: issues for the profession of nursingJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 7 2007FRCNA, Linda Shields PhD Aims and objectives., Inducements, incentives, reimbursements and payment to subjects for participation in research projects raise many practical, professional and philosophical issues for nurses. Nurses are enjoined, either formally as research co-participants or informally as patients' professional carers, in any research which involves their patients. This role inescapably brings significant ethical obligations, which include those of bioethical audit. Background., A review of current international guidelines on reimbursement recommendations indicates that researchers select one of several paradigms which range from the ,commercial market model' of supply and demand to that of pure un-reimbursed altruism. In this latter, volunteers not only give their bodies and emotional commitment, but also sacrifice their time and convenience. Inducement is defined as the provision of resources or rewards which exceed the ,resource neutral' compensation for legitimate expense. If potential volunteers are truly free to make an informed choice to participate in research, no ethical compromise exists if inducements are offered; but by so doing both the research team and the volunteer patients have shifted the ethos of their research from caritas and altruism to one of a simple commercial relationship. Conclusions., Inducements are inappropriate when offered to those who are ,ethically captive' in the sense that autonomy of choice may be compromised. Relevance to clinical practice., In contemporary nursing practice, research involvement is both frequent and desirable. A perspective of current debate about inducements for volunteering, including legal and ethical issues, empowers nurses to protect the patients or clients in their care. [source] Regulating Law Firm Ethics Management: An Empirical Assessment of an Innovation in Regulation of the Legal Profession in New South WalesJOURNAL OF LAW AND SOCIETY, Issue 3 2010Christine Parker The Australian state of New South Wales (NSW) was the first jurisdiction to fully deregulate law firm structure and allow alternative business structures in the legal profession. At the same time it also introduced an innovation in regulation of the legal profession, requiring that incorporated legal practices implement ,appropriate management systems' for ensuring the provision of legal services in compliance with professional ethical obligations. This paper presents a preliminary empirical evaluation of the impact of this attempt at ,management-based regulation'. We find that the NSW requirement that firms self-assess their ethics management leads to a large and statistically significant drop in complaints. The (self-assessed) level of implementation of ethics management infrastructure, however, does not make any difference. The relevance of these findings to debates about deprofessionalization, managerialism, and commercialism in the legal profession is discussed, and the NSW approach is distinguished from the more heavy-handed English legal aid approach to regulating law firm quality management. [source] The Politics of Palliative Care and the Ethical Boundaries of Medicine: Gonzales v. Oregon as a Cautionary TaleTHE JOURNAL OF LAW, MEDICINE & ETHICS, Issue 1 2007Bryan HilliardArticle first published online: 2 MAR 200 The U.S.Supreme Court's 6-decision in Gonzales v. Oregon is the latest defeat for the Bush administration in its sustained attack on Oregon's physician-assisted suicide law. Both the majority opinion and the major dissent in Oregon provide an opportunity to assess the dangers inherent in allowing a political agenda that emphasizes the sanctity of life and minimizes professional ethical obligations to overshadow quality patient care at the end of life. [source] The Concept of Solidarity: Emerging from the Theoretical Shadows?BRITISH JOURNAL OF POLITICS & INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, Issue 1 2007Lawrence Wilde The concept of solidarity has been relatively neglected by social scientists since Durkheim's pioneering work in the late 19th century. The discipline of politics has been guilty of overlooking this ,subjective' element of community life, but recent works by Stjernø and Brunkhorst reflect a growing awareness of the theoretical significance of the concept. Whereas early liberal attempts to theorise solidarity took the nation state to be the appropriate community for its realisation, the emergence of globalisation raises the possibility of human solidarity developing in the global community. Traditional forms of solidarity have been dissipated by the social changes accompanying globalisation, but they were often locked into the defence of particular interests. New forms may be emerging to rekindle the broader vision of human solidarity. Recent work by writers such as Habermas, Honneth, Rorty and Touraine focuses on widening and deepening democratic participation and/or the articulation of our ethical obligations in various ways. It is argued here that these perspectives need to be supplemented by a radical humanist approach grounded in a normative theory of human self-realisation. [source] | |||||||||||||