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Ethical Behaviour (ethical + behaviour)
Selected AbstractsA Nolan Committee for the German ethics infrastructure?EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL RESEARCH, Issue 5 2002Nathalie Behnke An international trend towards establishing and conforming standards of ethical behaviour in the public sector has repeatedly been stated. Germany, however, remains surprisingly reluctant to adopt such recommendations. This article argues that the likelihood of German decision makers implementing new, and especially soft, ethics measures depends on the demand for such measures, on the one hand, and their supply, on the other. The analysis shows that contradictory forces have an impact on Germany. The demand for new ethics measures is relatively low as a high level of hard ethics measures incorporated in the longstanding formal legal system of rules and regulations make the implementation of new measures seem unnecessary. Also, the demand for soft ethics measures is less marked in Germany than in the United Kingdom. This comparatively weak pressure meets the natural inertia caused by cognitive and institutional path,dependency in institutional choices of political decision makers. On the other hand, external bodies (such as the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development , OECD) provide blueprints for soft ethics measures and encourage the implementation of uniform standards across countries. Which of these forces will prevail in the long run, however, cannot be deduced from the present situation. [source] Contrasting approaches of corporate and association meeting planners: how the hospitality industry should approach them differentlyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOURISM RESEARCH, Issue 1 2007Rex S. Toh Abstract Using survey data, this paper examines the different goals and constraints facing corporate and association meeting planners (AMPs). It next shows how these differences produce 11 different concerns and behaviours. For instance, increased pressure for ethical behaviour and financial transparency has forced corporate meeting planners to focus attention on reducing meeting costs and to choose easily accessible and convenient properties for meetings. On the other hand, associations focus on the interests of their members and strive to comport with group norms, and therefore plan enjoyable family-friendly meetings, often at relaxed and upscale locations. This paper outlines seven different ways in which the hospitality industry should approach corporate and AMPs. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Ethics in operations research and sustainable developmentINTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONS IN OPERATIONAL RESEARCH, Issue 4 2010Jean-Pierre Brans Abstract During the last 100 years, major social, economic, environmental and technical problems have arisen that today jeopardise mankind's very existence. The authors argue that operations research (OR) should be more strongly involved by developing models to face today's crucial challenges. OR should change drastically because it is traditionally involved mainly with optimisation problems, which are often counterproductive in the sense of ethical behaviour: new basic approaches are required. This paper provides some avenues on how to develop instruments for addressing mankind's sustainability problems, and for complying with ethical principles. It is proposed to have a mix of techniques, mainly: systems thinking, multi-criteria decision-making and dynamic control. A global framework, called ASMC (Adaptive, Systemic, Multi-criteria, Control procedure), is proposed for developing these ideas. Some sustainable development applications are presented. [source] The development of undergraduate curricula in surgery: III.ANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Issue 3 2001Assessment The present review is aimed at providing an overview of the assessment process. The mode of assessment has a powerful influence on the learning behaviour of students. It is therefore important to ensure that there is congruity between the objective, the task and the test. In other words: define it, teach it, examine it. It is difficult to evaluate many of the attributes that we desire in a doctor; and examples of this include empathy, ethical behaviour, problem-solving skills, ability to self-educate and teamwork. Nevertheless, it is generally agreed that it is better to measure uncertainly the significant than to measure reliably and validly the trivial. Furthermore different methods of assessment suit different educational objectives (fitness for purpose) and this supports the use of multiple assessment techniques. [source] Australian veterinarians who work with horses: views of the futureAUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 8 2004TJ HEATH Objective To give an account of the views held by Australian veterinarians who work with horses on the future of their professional field. Method Questionnaires were mailed to 866 veterinarians who had been identified as working with horses, and 87% were completed and returned. Data were entered onto an Excel spreadsheet, and analysed using the SAS System for Windows. Results Their future prospects were believed to be very good or excellent by >60% of equine veterinarians but by only 30% of mixed practitioners seeing < 10% horses. The main factors believed likely to affect these prospects were the strength of the equine industries and the economic climate affecting horse owners, followed by the encroachment of cities into areas used for horses, competition from other veterinarians including specialist centres and from non-veterinary operators, and their ability to recruit and retain veterinarians with interest, experience and skill with horses. Urban encroachment, competition and recruitment were especially important for those seeing few horses. Concerns were also expressed about the competence and ethical behaviour of other veterinarians, the physical demands and dangers of horse work, the costs of providing equine veterinary services and of being paid for them, the regulatory restrictions imposed by governments and statutory bodies, the potential effects of litigation, and insurance issues. For many veterinarians in mixed practice these factors have reduced and are likely to reduce further the number of horses seen, to the extent that they have scant optimism about the future of horse work in their practices. Conclusion Economic and local factors will result in an increasing proportion of equine veterinary work being done in specialised equine centres, and the future of horse work in many mixed practices is, at best, precarious. A key factor influencing future prospects will be the availability of competent veterinarians committed to working with horses. [source] Values that create value: socially responsible business practices in SMEs , empirical evidence from German companiesBUSINESS ETHICS: A EUROPEAN REVIEW, Issue 1 2009Eva-Maria Hammann Socially responsible business and ethical behaviour of companies have been of interest to academia and practice for decades. But the focus has almost exclusively been on large corporations while small- and medium-sized enterprises (SME) have not received as much attention. Thus, this paper focuses on socially responsible business practices of SME entrepreneurs or owner,managers in Germany. Based on the assumption that decision-makers in SMEs are the central point where all business activities start, members of a German entrepreneurs association were approached in the course of a qualitative and quantitative survey. They were asked to assess in what way their social responsibility is expressed in specific management practices towards selected stakeholder groups. These practices in turn were assumed to result in perceived positive reactions of the respective stakeholders and subsequently to positively influence the firm's financial performance, i.e. cost reductions and increase in profits. In the paper, a research model is presented that elaborates the relationship between an SME executive's social responsibility and the value creation of a firm, i.e. whether (personal) values create (economic) value. It was found that socially responsible management practices towards employees, customers and to a lesser extent society have a positive impact on the firm and its performance. As such, values can create additional value. [source] Acting on values: An ethical dead end for public servantsCANADIAN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION/ADMINISTRATION PUBLIQUE DU CANADA, Issue 4 2004John W. Langford The central tenet of this approach is that a framework of core values can be used directly by public servants to solve ethical dilemmas or to justify more specific rules of behaviour. The author argues that this approach is conceptually flawed on a number of levels. Its advocates seem confused about what a value is and how to identify core values. They also seem tolerant of the existence of a large number of core values that are not clearly defined. This inevitably creates a situation in which there is substantial value conflict and no way to resolve such clashes. Finally, the values approach, at least as structured in Ottawa, subdivides values into groups, making a puzzling distinction between ethical and non-ethical values. After examining these flaws, the article explores the need to pay more attention to consequentiality approaches for enhancing ethical behaviour that resonate with the ways in which public servants intuitively approach ethical judgments. Sommaire: Cet article fait une analyse critique de l'éthique dans le secteur public fondée sur les valeurs, plus particulièrement la façon dont cette approche a étéélaborée à Ottawa. Cette approche repose essentiellement sur le principe que les fonctionnaires peuvent se servir d'un cadre directeur de valeurs fondamentales pour résoudre des dilemmes moraux ou pour justifier des règles de comportement plus précises. L'auteur soutient que sur le plan conceptuel, cette approche comporte des lacunes à plusieurs niveaux. Ses partisans ne semblent pas trop savoir ce qu'est une valeur ni comment dégager les valeurs fondamentales. Le fait qu'un grand nombre de valeurs fondamentales ne soient pas clairement définies ne semble pas non plus les déranger. On se trouve inévitablement en face d'une situation de conflits de valeurs sans moyens de les résoudre. Enfin, cette approche fondée sur les valeurs, tout au nioins telle que structurée par Ottawa, les subdivise en groupes, faisant Line étrange distinction entre les valeurs éthiques et non-éthiques. Apres avoir examiné ces lacunes, I'article explore la nécessité de s'intéresser davantage aux approches conséquentialistes pour valoriser le comportement éthique, qui font écho aux façons dont les fonctionnaires abordent d'instinct les jugements moraux. [source] Globalisation, governance and post-structural political economy: Perspectives from AustralasiaASIA PACIFIC VIEWPOINT, Issue 1 2007Richard Le HeronArticle first published online: 23 MAR 200 Abstract: The paper argues that post-structural political economy (PSPE) offers geography and geographers interesting potential for the development of a style of geographic inquiry that has qualities that may be constitutive of progressive spaces. This new style of inquiry is seen as adding to the repertoire of political strategies and potential geographies of responsibility and extending notions of ethical behaviours. Issues relating to the assemblage of PSPE as a distinctive approach to knowledge production are considered and situated in the Australasian context. Discussion focuses especially on insight about the use of PSPE derived from three illustrative research case studies (a project on learning challenges in sheep meat and dairy supply chain realignment, tensions around fisheries management in New Zealand and an international workshop series on the topic of governmentality). The case studies provide a lens on the socio-spatial relationships between globalisation and governance and interrogate the value of PSPE for understanding the connections between individual choices, governing practices and the construction of the globalising economy. The PSPE approach if actively incorporated into research processes may have important implications for future relationships between social responsibility, national economic development and globalisation. [source] | ||||||||||||||||