			Home About us Contact

Agglomeration Effects (agglomeration + effects)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	55%
Humanities and Social Sciences	33%

Selected Abstracts

Agglomeration Effects versus Policy Effects: The Case of the Electronics Industry in Malaysia

ASIAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, Issue 3 2002
Ken Togo
The present study analyses investments within the Malaysian electronics industry in 1991 to assess the effectiveness of development policy in light of strong agglomeration effects in the electronics industry. We ,nd that agglomeration and the use of industrial estates as development policy have had positive effects on ,rms' location choice. However, agglomeration has a much larger effect than industrial estates. In addition, we ,nd that the marginal effect of industrial estates is positively correlated with the degree of agglomeration. This suggests that improvement of problems of regional inequality by industry estates would be very dif,cult in reality. [source]

Barium Sulphate Agglomeration in a Pipe , An Experimental Study and CFD Modeling

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (CET), Issue 3 2003
J. Ba
Abstract Agglomeration effects, observed during precipitation of barium sulphate in the unpremixed feed two-dimensional tubular precipitator, are studied experimentally and interpreted theoretically. Effects of process parameters on precipitation,agglomeration phenomena are predicted using a CFD based model that describes micromixing (the multiple-time-scale turbulent mixer model is used) and precipitation (including nucleation, growth and agglomeration of crystals). Agglomeration rate is defined as a product of the collision frequency and the probability of agglomeration. [source]

Determinants and effects of foreign direct investment: evidence from German firm-level data*

ECONOMIC POLICY, Issue 41 2005
Claudia M. Buch
SUMMARY FDI Firm-level evidence Foreign direct investment is an essential aspect of ,globalization' yet its empirical determinants are not well understood. What we do know is based either on poor data for a wide range of nations, or good data for the US and Swedish cases. In this paper, we provide evidence on the determinants of the activities of German multinational firms by using a newly available firm-level data set from the Deutsche Bundesbank. The specific goal of this paper is to demonstrate the relative role of country-level and firm-level determinants of foreign direct investment. We focus on three main questions: First, what are the main driving forces of German firms' multinational activities? Second, is there evidence that sector-level and firm-level factors shape internationalization patterns? Third, is there evidence of agglomeration effects in the foreign activities of German firms? We find that the market access motive for internationalization dominates. Firms move abroad mainly to gain better access to large foreign markets. Cost-saving motives, however, are important for some manufacturing sectors. Our results strongly suggest that firm-level heterogeneity has an important influence on internationalization patterns , as stressed by recent models of international trade. We also find positive agglomeration effects for the activities of German firms that stem from the number of other German firms that are active on a given foreign market. In terms of lessons for economic policy, our results show that lowering barriers to the integration of markets and encouraging the formation of human capital can promote the activities of multinational firms. However, our results related to the heterogeneity of firms and agglomeration tendencies show that it might be difficult to fine-tune policies directed at the exploitation of synergies and at the creation of clusters of foreign firms. , Claudia M. Buch, Jörn Kleinert, Alexander Lipponer and Farid Toubal [source]

Unemployment clusters across Europe's regions and countries

ECONOMIC POLICY, Issue 34 2002
Henry G. Overman
Summary High unemployment and regional inequalities are major concerns for European policy-makers, but so far connections between policies dealing with unemployment and regional inequalities have been few and weak. We think that this should change. This paper documents a regional and transnational dimension to unemployment , i.e., geographical unemployment clusters that do not respect national boundaries. Since the mid 1980s, regions with high or low initial unemployment rates saw little change, while regions with intermediate unemployment moved towards extreme values. During this polarization, nearby regions tended to share similar outcomes due, we argue, to spatially related changes in labour demand. These spatially correlated demand shifts were due in part to initial clustering of low-skilled regions and badly performing industries, but a significant neighbour effect remains even after controlling for these, and the effect is as strong within as it is between nations. We believe this reflects agglomeration effects of economic integration. The new economic geography literature shows how integration fosters employment clusters that need not respect national borders. If regional labour forces do not adjust, regional unemployment polarization with neighbour effects can result. To account for these ,neighbour effects' a cross-regional and transnational dimension should be added to national anti-unemployment policies. Nations should consider policies that encourage regional wage setting, and short distance mobility, and the EU should consider including transnational considerations in its regional policy, since neighbour effects on unemployment mean that an anti-unemployment policy paid for by one region will benefit neighbouring regions. Since local politicians gain no votes or tax revenues from these ,spillovers', they are likely to underestimate the true benefit of the policy and thus tend to undertake too little of it. [source]

Spatial Agglomeration, Technological Innovations, and Firm Productivity: Evidence from Italian Industrial Districts

GROWTH AND CHANGE, Issue 3 2008
GIULIO CAINELLI
ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to analyse the impact on firms' productivity of innovative activities and agglomeration effects among firms belonging to Marshallian industrial districts and the possible joint effect of these two forces. We study a sample of 2,821 firms active in the Italian manufacturing industry in the period 1992,1995. Our analysis uses an original data set based on three different Istituto Nazionale di Statistica statistical sources,Community Innovation Survey, Archivio Statistico delle Imprese Attive (Italian Business Register), and Sistema dei Conti delle Imprese (Italian Structural Business Statistics),to estimate an "augmented" Cobb-Douglas production function to account for the impact of technological innovations and district-specific agglomeration effects on a firm's productivity growth. Our data set allows us to distinguish between product and process innovations, thus, through econometric analysis, we hope to achieve a better understanding of which of these two types of innovative activities benefits most from participation in an industrial district. Our empirical results show that belonging to an industrial district and making product innovations are key factors in the productivity growth of firms and that product innovations appear to have a greater effect on the economic performance of district rather than non-district firms. [source]

Optimal environmental and industrial policies and imperfect agglomeration effects

REGIONAL SCIENCE POLICY AND PRACTICE, Issue 2 2009
Daisuke Ikazaki
Agglomeration; technology; environment Abstract This paper examines a simple general equilibrium model that considers problems related to agglomeration, technology, and the environment. First, it is shown that the manufactured goods sector converts from classical technology with constant returns to scale to modern technology with increasing returns to scale as the regional population increases. The optimal pollution level might be an inverted-U shape with respect to population if optimal environmental policy is adopted. Second, the optimal population level of conversion is not attained in the market economy. The labour that is devoted to the manufactured goods sector in the market economy is too small. So, we derive the optimal subsidy rates to the manufactured goods sector to make resource allocation optimum. Third, we consider migration using the two-region model. One region becomes a large city and the other region becomes a rural area if the total population is large. The industrial policy tends to extend the population difference between city and rural areas. On the other hand, if the total population is small, a symmetric point will be stable equilibrium. [source]