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Essential Oil Composition (essential + oil_composition)
Selected AbstractsESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION OF SALVIA VERBENACA L. GROWING WILD IN TUNISIAJOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY, Issue 1 2010MOUNA BEN TAARIT ABSTRACT The essential oil of aerial parts of Salvia verbenaca L., collected in three different locations in Tunisia, were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC,mass spectrometry. The oil yields of dried plants (w/w) were 0.09, 0.10 and 0.12% in Sabelet Ben Ammar, Sers and Somaa, respectively. Seventy-seven compounds were identified. The monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated sesquiterpenes had the highest contributions. The major constituents in Sabelet Ben Ammar were viridiflorol (21.8%), camphene (17.6%), methyl eugenol (9.4%) and ,-caryophyllene (7.1%), while those of essential oil collected from Somaa, were tricyclene (18.8%), nonane (10.3%), methyl eugenol (7.7%) and terpinolene (7.3%). In samples collected from Sers, essential oil consists mainly of (Z)-,-ocimene (29.5%), ,-phellandrene (8.2%), ,-thujone (7.9%) and ,-pinene (5.5%). PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS In this study, it has been found that the oils of wild-growing Salvia verbenaca L. in Tunisia are rich in oxygenated sesquiterpenes and monoterpene hydrocarbons with great economical values. The plant family Labiatae contains several species with potential therapeutic activity due to their essential oils. Pharmacology, pharmaceutical botany, medical and clinical microbiology, phytopathology and food preservation are some fields in which essential oils can be applied. Many Salvia spp. are used as herbal tea and for food flavoring, as well as in cosmetics, perfumery and the pharmaceutical industry. It has shown that essential oil of S. verbenaca have strong antibacterial, antioxidant, antifungal, anti-inflammatory activities and peripheral analgesic properties. [source] Essential oil composition of Prasium majus L. from GreeceFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 5 2007A. Basta Abstract The essential oils from the aerial parts of Prasium majus (Labiatae), collected in two phenological stages in Greece, were analysed by GC,MS. Thirty-two compounds were identified, representing 99.8,99.9% of the total oils. The major constituents in sample A were 1-octen-3-ol (20.7%), , -pinene (14.7%) and linalool (13.8%), while those of sample B were dehydro-aromadendrene (31.8%), caryophyllene oxide (13.7%) and 1-octen-3-ol (12.4%). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oil composition of Agastache anethiodora Britton (Lamiaceae) infected by cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 1 2007Renato Bruni Abstract Giant hyssop, Agastache anethiodora Britton, cultivated at the Herb Garden of Casola Valsenio, Italy, has been found for the first time naturally infected by cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Characteristic symptoms on the leaves were chlorotic or yellow mosaic, ring and line patterns and malformation, followed by yellowing and stunting of the entire plant. CMV was mechanically transmitted to species of the families Chenopodiaceae and Solanaceae and identified by applying PAS,ELISA and RT,PCR techniques. The essential oil of both healthy and CMV-infected plants has been evaluated by means of GC,FID and GC,MS, with the object of identifying composition differences caused by the disease. The infection of A. anethiodora by CMV was found to induce significant reduction in the yield of essential oil and several changes in the relative composition of the main components: pulegone, menthone, iso -menthone, methyl chavicole and limonene. Methyl chavicole content, in particular, was drastically reduced. The importance of the phytopathological status of essential oil-bearing plants is outlined. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oil composition of Pimpinella affinis Ledeb. from two localities in IranFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 5 2006F. Askari Abstract Essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation from the stems plus leaves, inflorescences and seeds of Pimpinella affinis Ledeb. individually. The plants were collected from Khojir and Chaloos (north-east and north of Tehran province, respectively). The yields of stem plus leaf, inflorescence and seed oils for the Khojir samples were 0.04%, 1.98% and 5.33% w/w and for the Chalous samples were 0.37%, 1.74% and 4.05% w/w, respectively. Limonene is a major constituent in the inflorescence and seed oils of the Khojir (47.9% and 90.5%, respectively) and Chalous samples (37.8% and 70.8%, respectively), whereas it was found in the stem plus leaf oil of the Khojir and the Chalous samples in low amounts (1.4% and 0.8%, respectively). , -Terpinen-7-al is the major constituent in the stem plus leaf and inflorescence oils of the Khojir (69.9% and 37.6%) and Chalous samples (72.8% and 49.1%), but was not found at all in the seed oils. Caryophyllene oxide (9.1%) was found in the stem plus leaf oil of the Khojir sample, and methyl eugenol (9.7%) and (E)-nerolidol acetate (9.1%) in the seed oil of the Chalous sample. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oil composition of Anthemis triumfetti (L.) DC.FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2006Milica Pavlovi Abstract The essential oil of the aerial parts of Anthemis triumfetti (Asteraceae), obtained by hydrodistillation, was analysed by GC and GC,MS; 64 compounds were identified, representing 98.3% of the oil. The major constituents were , -pinene (16.9%), camphor (15.0%), , -pinene (14.4%) and 1,8-cineole (5.8%). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oil composition of Croton cuneatus and Croton malambo growing in VenezuelaFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 6 2005Alírica I. Suárez Abstract The bark of Croton malambo and the aerial parts of Croton cuneatus were subjected to hydrodistillation to obtain the essential oils of each specie. The composition of these samples were analysed by GC-MS and by NMR. The analysis of the C. malambo oil showed 36 constituents including traces, in which methyl eugenol (65.4%), methyl isoeugenol (6.3%), elemicine (4.7%), isoelemicine (3.4%), veratral (3.0%) and , -cadinol (4.1%) were the major components. C. cuneatus oil was found to be rich in phenylpropanoids and sesquiterpene alcohols, showing 43 compounds, where , -11-eudesmene (51.3%), methyleugenol (25.9%), 4- , -seleniol (10.2%), cedryl propyl ether (2.9%), , -cadinol (4.4%), cubenol (1.3%) methyl isoeugenol (1.2%), veratral (1.3%) and agarospirol (1.0%) were the most abundant compounds. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oil composition of Salvia palaestina Benth. from IranFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 5 2005P. Salehi Abstract The chemical composition of the essential oil of Salvia palaestina Benth. growing wild in Iran, was examined by GC and GC,MS. 60 components, representing 91.7% of the total oil, were characterized. The main components were germacrene D (14.0%), , -bisabolene (11.9%), 1- epi -cubenol (9.8%), decanal (7.0%), , -caryophyllene (6.1%) and isobornyl butanoate (5.8%). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oil composition of Pimpinella aurea D.C. from IranFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2005F. Askari Abstract Essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation from the stems, ,owers and seeds of Pimpinella aurea D.C. They were collected individually from Fasham (north-west of Tehran province). The yields of stem + leaf, ,ower and seed oils were 0.4%, 1.5% and 2.0% w/w, respectively; 32 constituents were identi,ed in the stem + leaf oil, 18 in the ,ower oil and eight in the seed oil. Major constituents of the stem + leaf oil were: 1,8-cineol and limonene (21.4%), viridi,orol (12.8%), , -pinene (11.5%), kessane (10.5%), germacrene D (4.9%), , -bisabolene (4.2%), , -zingiberene (3.3%) and citronellyl acetate (3.1%). Major constituents of the ,ower oil were: viridi,orol (32.5%), , -bisabolene (29.5%), caryophyllene oxide (6.6%), 1,8-cineol + limonene (8.9%) and estragol (5.1%). Major constituents of the seed oil were: , -bisabolene (50.8%), and viridi,orol (37.0%). Three compounds (, -bisabolene, viridi,orol and caryophyllene oxide) were common to all three oils. 1,8-Cineol and limonene, kessane and , -pinene were the major compounds in the stem + leaf and ,ower oils but were not found in the seed oil. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oil composition of Callistemon viminalis leaves from IndiaFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 5 2003S. K. Srivastava Abstract The leaves of Callistemon viminalis, on hydrodistillation, gave 0.45% of an oil on a fresh weight basis. GC and GC,MS analysis of the oil resulted in the identi,cation of 42 constituents, representing 99.5% of the oil. 1,8-Cineole (61.7%), , -pinene (24.2%) and menthyl acetate (5.3%) were the major components. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oil composition of Turkish herbal tea (Salvia aucheri Bentham var. canescens Boiss.FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 4 2003& Heldr.) Abstract The essential oil of the aerial parts of Salvia aucheri var. canescens, collected from two different locations (Gülnar, sample A; and Silifke, sample B) growing endemic in Turkey, were analysed by GC,MS. The oil yields of dried plants (v/dw) obtained by hydrodistillation were 1.4% and 1.7%, respectively. Forty-two compounds were identi,ed, representing 98.6% and 99.5% of the oils from the two locations. The main constituents of the oils were: 1,8-cineole (32.3%, 28.6%), camphor (18.9%, 22.8%), borneol (8.2%, 8.9%), , -pinene (6.3%, 9.0%) and , -pinene (5.3%, 6.2%), respectively. The oils consisted of monoterpenic hydrocarbons (21.3%, 27.4%), oxygenated monoterpenes (66.4%, 64.9%), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (6.3%, 3.1%) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (4.1%, 4.1%), respectively. 1,8-Cineole and camphor were the major components of S. aucheri. var. canescens. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oil composition and antimicrobial activity of tuberous roots of Pimpinella tirupatiensis Bal.FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 6 2002& Subr., India, an endemic taxon from eastern ghats Abstract The tuberous roots of Pimpinella tirupatiensis (Apiaceae) were subjected to sequential extraction with different polar solvents and the extracts were tested against eight bacterial and three fungal pathogenic strains for antimicrobial activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration of active extracts against six bacterial and two fungal strains were determined. The hexane and ethyl acetate fractions exhibited a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and were analysed for different phytochemicals. The active extracts contained significant amounts of alkaloids, flavonols, flavones and volatile oils. The hexane extract yielded an essential oil when subjected to GC with FID. The compounds were identified based on their retention indices and yielded 24 known compounds and one unknown compound. The major compounds are ,-bisabolene (9.2%), ,-3-carene (8.9%), cis -carveol (6.7%), elemol (5.8%), ,-cadinol (4.4%), methyl geranate (4.3%) and ,-nonalactone (3.4%). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oil composition of Achillea millefolium L. growing wild in Kashmir, IndiaFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 3 2002A. S. Shawl Abstract The aerial parts from the flowering plants of Achillea millefolium L., on hydrodistillation gave 0.014% (v/w) of an oil on fresh weight basis. GC and GC,MS analysis of the oil resulted in the identification of 86 constituents, representing 97% of the oil. Camphor (28%), 1,8-cineole (12%), germacrene-D (12%) and cis -chrysanthenyl acetate (8%) were the major components. Further comparison of our results with those mentioned in the literature suggests that A. millefolium oils vary greatly along the species range. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oil composition of genetically diverse stocks of Murraya koenigii from IndiaFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2002V. K. Raina Abstract An Erratum for this article has been published in Flavour and Fragrance Journal 17(5) 2002, 404. The essential oil composition of four genetically diverse stocks of Murraya koenigii leaves cultivated at the CIMAP Research Farm, Lucknow, were analysed by GC and GC,MS. The oil from the stock of the northern Indian plains, Lucknow, showed ,-pinene (70.0%), ,-caryophyllene (6.5%) and ,-pinene (5.4%) as the major constituents, while the oil from the stock of the lower Himalayan range, Pant Nagar, showed ,-pinene (65.7%), ,-pinene (13.4%) and ,-phellandrene (7.4%) as the major constituents. In contrast to the above, the oil from the stock of southern India, Kozhikode, showed ,-caryophyllene (53.9%), aromadendrene (10.7%) and ,-selinene (6.3%) as the major constituents. On the other hand, the oil from the stock of eastern India, Bhubaneshwar, showed ,-phellandrene (30.2%), ,-caryophyllene (24.2%), ,-pinene (15.0%), (E)-,-ocimene (5.0%) and aromadendrene (4.5%) as the major constituents. The GC,MS analysis of the stock oil samples from the northern Indian plains, lower Himalayan range, southern and eastern India resulted in the identification of 65, 56, 57 and 66, constituents, representing 99.2%, 98.8%, 87.4% and 98.2% of the oils, respectively. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oil composition of Zanthoxylum alatum seeds from northern IndiaFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 6 2001Neetu Jain Abstract The seeds of Zanthoxylum alatum Roxb., on hydrodistillation, gave 1.5% of oil (v/w). GC and GC,MS analysis of the oil resulted in the identification of 56 constituents, representing 99.5% of the oil. Linalool (71%), limonene (8.2%), ,-phellandrene (5.7%) and (Z)-methylcinnamate (4.9%) were the major components. It is suggested that the seeds of Z. alatum can be used as a commercial source for the isolation of linalool. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oil composition of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume leaves from Little Andaman, India,FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 5 2001V. K. Raina Abstract The leaf oil of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume grown in Little Andaman was analysed by GC and GC,MS. Forty-seven constituents, representing 99.96% of the oil, were identified. The main constituents of the oil were eugenol (76.60%), linalool (8.5%) and piperitone (3.31%). The composition of the oil is comparable to cinnamon leaf oil produced in Bangalore and Hyderabad (south India) in terms of eugenol and linalool contents. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oil composition of commercial black tea (Camellia sinensis)INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Issue 2 2008Saima Rehman Summary The essential oil components of different tea brands were investigated by gas chromatography. The oil yields of dried tea samples were ranged from 0.09% to 0.63%. Twenty-five compounds from Supreme and Lipton Yellow Label tea brands representing 98.0% and 88.0% of the Camellia sinensis oil were identified, respectively. The main ones were ,-pinene (51.2%) and ,-pinene (30.2%). Nineteen components from Tapal tea brand representing 76.7% of the C. sinensis oil were determined with high contents of muurol-5-en-4-a-ol (10.5%) and muurol-5-en-4-b-ol (31.3%). Fifteen components from Deer and Diana tea brands were identified, accounting for 83.3% and 78.2% of the oil containing ,-cadinol and ,-pinene. Seventeen components from non-branded teas were determined with high contents of muurol-5-en-4-a-ol and muurol-5-en-4-b-ol. Twenty-one compounds from non-branded Bangladeshi Shezan and Indian teas were also identified. All oils consisted of monoterpenic hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. [source] Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Anzer tea essential oilJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 7 2007ekero Abstract Anzer tea (Thymus praecox, subsp. caucasicus var. caucasicus) naturally grows in the eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. Anzer tea, a creeping plant with crimson-pink flowers, is important for honey production in the region. In the present study, content, composition and antimicrobial properties of Anzer tea's essential oil were investigated. Essential oil content of dried aerial plant parts varied between 1.53% and 2.05%. Essential oil composition was studied by means of gas chromatography,mass spectrometry, and 26 components were identified. The major components were thymol (47.45%), ,-terpinene (8.73%), p -cymene (8.30%), terpinyl acetate (4.88%) and carvacrol (4.66%). Essential oil was also screened for its antibacterial activity. In a screen for antibacterial activity, Anzer tea essential oil had significant activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Essential oil composition and antifungal activity of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. obtained by different distillation conditionsPHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 4 2003N. Mimica-Duki Abstract The in,uence of different hydrodistillation conditions was evaluated from the standpoint of essential oil yield, chemical composition and antifungal activity from seeds of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Three hydrodistillation conditions were considered. The main constituents of the oils were: (E)-anethole (72.27%,74.18%), fenchone (11.32%,16.35%) and methyl chavicol (3.78%,5.29%). The method of distillation signi,cantly effected the essential oil yield and quantitative composition, although the antifungal activity of the oils against some fungi was only slightly altered. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oils composition of Stachys byzantina, S. inflata, S. lavandulifolia and S. laxa from IranFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2006Katayoun Morteza-Semnani Abstract The essential oils of the dried flowering aerial parts of Stachys byzantina, Stachys inflata, Stachys lavandulifolia and Stachys laxa (Labiatae) collected from the suburb of Behshahr, Mazandaran province (north of Iran), in May 2003, were isolated by hydrodistillation and analysed by means of GC and GC,MS. The major components of S. byzantina oil were piperitenone (9.9%), 6,10,14-trimethyl pentadecan-2-one (6.4%), and n -tricosane (6.4%). The main constituents of S. inflata oil were hexadecanoic acid (9.1%), germacrene D (8.9%), , -pinene (5.8%) and bicyclogermacrene (5.1%). The major compounds of S. lavandulifolia oil were 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone (9.3%), , -pinene (7.9%) and hexadecanoic acid (5.2%). The main components of S. laxa oil were germacrene D (17.1%), 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone (12.3%), 7- epi - , -selinene (8.3%), bicyclogermacrene (6.7%), , -caryophyllene (6.2%) and , -pinene (5.9%). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Studies of Mediterranean oregano populations.FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 1 2006Chemical composition of essential oils of oreganos of various origins Abstract The essential oils of nine species of oregano (Oreganum calcaratum Jussieu, Oreganum lćvigatum Boissier, Oreganum majorana var. majorana Linné, Oreganum majorana var. tenuifolium L., Oreganum microphyllum Vogel, Oreganum ramonense Danin, Oreganum rotondifolium Boissier, Oreganum vulgare ssp. virens L., Oreganum vulgare ssp. vulgare L.) were studied by GC and GC,MS; 134 constituents were identified. Essential oils compositions are generally close to those described in the literature. This study reveals new compositions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Histochemical localization of secretion and composition of the essential oil in Melittis melissophyllum L. subsp. melissophyllum from Central ItalyFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2010Filippo Maggi Abstract The distribution and morphology of the secretory structures in Melittis melissophyllum L. subsp. melissophyllum (Lamiaceae) were studied for the first time by light and scanning electron microscopy. The indumentum of the vegetative and reproductive organs includes non-glandular hairs and peltate (type A) and capitate (types B and C) glandular trichomes. Histochemical techniques enabled specific location of the site of essential oil accumulation in the type A peltate hairs. In order to confirm the occurrence of the 1-octen-3-ol chemotype in central Italy, six populations growing in different places were analysed for the essential oil composition by GC,FID and GC,MS. In all populations, 1-octen-3-ol was detected as the major volatile component, representing 56.3,70.6% of the total oils. To date, these percentages are the highest detected in a plant essential oil. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Variation in essential oil composition of rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium sp.) distilled by different distillation techniques,FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2005Kiran G. D. Babu Abstract The rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium sp.) cultivar ,Kelkar', grown in the agroclimatic conditions of the western Himalayas, was processed by various hydrodistillation methods, which revealed that water distillation of the herb gave a higher oil yield (0.16,0.22%) than the water,steam distillation (0.09,0.12%) and steam distillation methods (0.06,0.18%). The samples were analysed by GC and GC,MS to study and compare the essential oil compositions which revealed that the oil distilled by the water,steam distillation method contained a higher content of monoterpene hydrocarbons (1.7%), followed by steam distillation without cohobation and without recycling (1.5%). A higher content of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (4.4%) was found in cumulative oil followed by ,direct oil' (4.2%) obtained by steam distillation with cohobation and without recycling of hydrosol, followed by the water,steam distillation method (3.4%). ,Decanted oil', recovered from redistilling the hydrosol obtained by steam distillation with cohobation and without recycling, contained maximum monoterpene cyclic ethers (1.1%) and carbonyl content (9.9%), closely followed by water,steam distillation method (1.1% and 7.2%, respectively). Steam distillation without cohobation and without recycling of hydrosol yielded essential oil with a higher percentage of esters (21.1%), followed by ,direct oil' (16.6%). Lower ester content (5.3%) was noticed in ,decanted oil', followed by oil distilled by steam distillation with cohobation and with recycling (11.8%) and oil distilled in a Clevenger apparatus by the water distillation method (12.2%), whereas maximum total alcohols were found in the ,decanted oil' (75.1%), followed by oil from the Clevenger apparatus (72.8%) and steam distillation with cohobation and with recycling (69.1%). A lower alcohol content was found in the ,direct oil' (55.2%) closely followed by ,cumulative oil' (55.8%). The variation in total alcohol and ester contents in geranium oil samples, distilled by using different processing techniques on pilot scale distillation, is mainly due to hydrolysis of some volatile constituents. This was further supported by acid values of the oils, along with other physicochemical properties, such as speci,c gravity, optical rotation, refractive index, solubility in alcohol, ester value with cold and hot methods, estimation of ester content as geranyl formate and geranyl tiglate, ester number after acetylation, and ester number after formylation with aceto-formic acid and formic acid. Methods have been standardized and proposed for distillations of speci,c quality, e.g. ester-rich and alcohol-rich geranium oils, to meet different requirements of the industry. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Biological lemon and sweet orange essential oil compositionFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 6 2004A. Verzera Abstract The volatile fraction composition of sweet orange and lemon oils obtained using biological and traditional cultivation is reported. The oils came from Sicily and were industrially obtained. The aim of the research was to establish whether the use of pesticides in citrus cultivation could in,uence the essential oil composition. The volatile fraction was analysed by HRGC and HRGC,MS. The content of organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides was determined by HRGC,FPD and HRGC,ECD. Differences in the oil composition resulted, especially in the content of carbonyl compounds; the results obtained, altogether, show that the biological oils are of higher quality in terms of their composition than traditional ones. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Signi,cance of changed climatic factors on essential oil composition of Echinacea purpurea under subtropical conditions,FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 5 2004R. K. Thappa Abstract Variation pattern in the composition of essential oil, hydrodistilled from the over-matured ,ower heads of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench under subtropical climate was characterized by GC,MS and GC analysis. The plants ,ower from June till December and climatic factors such as temperature and humidity were found to affect both the content and the composition of the essential oil. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The effect of sowing date and growth stage on the essential oil composition of three types of parsley (Petroselinum crispum)JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 12 2004SA Petropoulos Abstract Essential oils obtained by simultaneous distillation,extraction (SDE) from leaves, petioles and roots of three types of parsley (turnip-rooted, plain leaf and curly leaf type), sown on three different dates, were analysed by GC-MS (gas chromatography,mass spectrometry) analysis. Parsley plants were found to produce mainly ,-phellandrene, 1,3,8- p -menthatriene, ,-,p -dimethylstyrene, myristicin, ,-myrcene and apiole. In some cases ,- and ,-pinene were also found, whereas ,-elemene was detected, especially in the curly leaf type. The growth stage, plant tissue and date of sowing, as well as the climate conditions, all had a significant effect on the essential oil composition by altering the ratio of the above substances. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Diversity of essential oil glands of clary sage (Salvia sclarea L., Lamiaceae)PLANT BIOLOGY, Issue 4 2008C. Schmiderer Abstract The Lamiaceae is rich in aromatic plant species. Most of these species produce and store essential oils in specialised epidermal oil glands, which are responsible for their specific flavour. Two types of glands producing essential oil and possessing different morphological structure can be found in Salvia sclarea: peltate and capitate glands. The content of single oil glands from different positions on the plant (corolla, calyx and leaf) were sampled using an SPME fibre and analysed by gas chromatography in order to study variability of the essential oil composition. It was found that the composition of terpenoids is quite variable within an individual plant. Capitate oil glands mainly produce three essential oil compounds: the monoterpenes linalool and linalyl acetate, and the diterpene sclareol. Peltate oil glands, however, accumulate noticeable concentrations of sesquiterpenes and an unknown compound (m/z = 354). Furthermore, the oil composition varies within each gland type according to the plant organ. Linalool and linalyl acetate are characteristic substances of flowers, whereas the sesquiterpenes occur in higher proportions in leaves. Even within one gland type on a single leaf, the chemical variability is exceedingly high. [source] The Essential Oils of the Greek Endemic Satureja horvatii ssp. macrophylla in Relation to BioclimateCHEMISTRY & BIODIVERSITY, Issue 8 2010Antonia Dardioti Abstract The essential oils of the Greek endemic Satureja horvatii subsp. macrophylla collected from 36 areas (among them, 23 are included in twelve sites of the EU network NATURA 2000) belonging to different bioclimatic types were studied. The total essential-oil content is negatively related to the altitude. The variation of the essential oil composition follows a geographical pattern, which is related to the bioclimatic belts along the taxon's range. Carvacrol dominates in areas with Mediterranean and Submediterranean bioclimate (mainly in the S and C part of the taxon's distribution), linalool or trans -sabinene hydrate, and/or borneol in the Submediterranean or Temperate Axeric bioclimates (in the N part of distribution), whereas thymol is found as main oil constituent in all three bioclimates. [source] Comparative study of the essential oils of seven Melaleuca (Myrtaceae) species grown in BrazilFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 6 2007Cleber J. Silva Abstract The compositions of the essential oils obtained from seven species of Melaleuca grown in the municipal district of Viçosa, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, were analysed by both GC and GC,MS. The various Melaleuca species showed differences within their relative essential oil compositions. Each of the oils analysed revealed a dominant component: terpinen-4-ol (53.7 ± 0.2%) for M. alternifolia; 1,8-cineole for M. armillaris (80.2 ± 0.0%), M. ericifolia (79.5 ± 0.4%), M. cajuputi, subspecies cajuputi (43.7 ± 0.5%) and M. cajuputi subspecies platyphylla (41.0 ± 8.5%); viridiflorol (71.0 ± 0.9%) for M. quinquenervia; and methyl eugenol (96.6 ± 0.7%) for M. leucadendra. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Variation in essential oil composition of rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium sp.) distilled by different distillation techniques,FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2005Kiran G. D. Babu Abstract The rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium sp.) cultivar ,Kelkar', grown in the agroclimatic conditions of the western Himalayas, was processed by various hydrodistillation methods, which revealed that water distillation of the herb gave a higher oil yield (0.16,0.22%) than the water,steam distillation (0.09,0.12%) and steam distillation methods (0.06,0.18%). The samples were analysed by GC and GC,MS to study and compare the essential oil compositions which revealed that the oil distilled by the water,steam distillation method contained a higher content of monoterpene hydrocarbons (1.7%), followed by steam distillation without cohobation and without recycling (1.5%). A higher content of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (4.4%) was found in cumulative oil followed by ,direct oil' (4.2%) obtained by steam distillation with cohobation and without recycling of hydrosol, followed by the water,steam distillation method (3.4%). ,Decanted oil', recovered from redistilling the hydrosol obtained by steam distillation with cohobation and without recycling, contained maximum monoterpene cyclic ethers (1.1%) and carbonyl content (9.9%), closely followed by water,steam distillation method (1.1% and 7.2%, respectively). Steam distillation without cohobation and without recycling of hydrosol yielded essential oil with a higher percentage of esters (21.1%), followed by ,direct oil' (16.6%). Lower ester content (5.3%) was noticed in ,decanted oil', followed by oil distilled by steam distillation with cohobation and with recycling (11.8%) and oil distilled in a Clevenger apparatus by the water distillation method (12.2%), whereas maximum total alcohols were found in the ,decanted oil' (75.1%), followed by oil from the Clevenger apparatus (72.8%) and steam distillation with cohobation and with recycling (69.1%). A lower alcohol content was found in the ,direct oil' (55.2%) closely followed by ,cumulative oil' (55.8%). The variation in total alcohol and ester contents in geranium oil samples, distilled by using different processing techniques on pilot scale distillation, is mainly due to hydrolysis of some volatile constituents. This was further supported by acid values of the oils, along with other physicochemical properties, such as speci,c gravity, optical rotation, refractive index, solubility in alcohol, ester value with cold and hot methods, estimation of ester content as geranyl formate and geranyl tiglate, ester number after acetylation, and ester number after formylation with aceto-formic acid and formic acid. Methods have been standardized and proposed for distillations of speci,c quality, e.g. ester-rich and alcohol-rich geranium oils, to meet different requirements of the industry. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | |||||||||||||