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Essential Ingredient (essential + ingredient)
Selected AbstractsMarketisation in Higher Education, Clark's Triangle and the Essential Ingredients of MarketsHIGHER EDUCATION QUARTERLY, Issue 2 2003Ben Jongbloed While government intervention in the higher education market may be justified, it may come at the cost of lower consumer sovereignty and restricted producer autonomy. Through marketisation policy, students and higher education providers have more room to make their own trade-offs and interact more closely on the basis of reliable information. This article discusses eight conditions for a market and the extent to which these are met in Dutch higher education. It is argued that there is still a key role for the government to co-design framework conditions and facilitate interaction in a more demand-driven and liberalised higher education sector. [source] The implementation of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator in acute ischaemic stroke , a scientific position statement from the National Stroke Foundation and the Stroke Society of AustralasiaINTERNAL MEDICINE JOURNAL, Issue 5 2009Ad Hoc Committee representing the National Stroke Foundation, the Stroke Society of Australasia Abstract Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) has been licensed in Australia for thrombolysis in selected patients with acute ischaemic stroke since 2003. The use of tPA is low but is increasing across Australia and national audits indicate efficacy and safety outcomes equivalent to international benchmarks. Implementing tPA therapy in clinical practice is, however, challenging and requires a coordinated multidisciplinary approach to acute stroke care across prehospital, emergency department and inpatient care sectors. Stroke care units are an essential ingredient underpinning safe implementation of stroke thrombolysis. Support systems such as care pathways, therapy delivery protocols, and thrombolysis-experienced multidisciplinary care teams are also important enablers. Where delivery of stroke thrombolysis is being planned, health systems need to be re-configured to provide these important elements. This consensus statement provides a review of the evidence for, and implementation of, tPA in acute ischaemic stroke with specific reference to the Australian health-care system. [source] Robust adaptive remeshing strategy for large deformation, transient impact simulationsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING, Issue 13 2006Tobias Erhart Abstract In this paper, an adaptive approach, with remeshing as essential ingredient, towards robust and efficient simulation techniques for fast transient, highly non-linear processes including contact is discussed. The necessity for remeshing stems from two sources: the capability to deal with large deformations that might even require topological changes of the mesh and the desire for an error driven distribution of computational resources. The overall computational approach is sketched, the adaptive remeshing strategy is presented and the crucial aspect, the choice of suitable error indicator(s), is discussed in more detail. Several numerical examples demonstrate the performance of the approach. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Putting information back into biological communicationJOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY, Issue 4 2010P. CARAZO Abstract At the heart of many debates on communication is the concept of information. There is an intuitive sense in which communication implies the transfer of some kind of information, probably the reason why information is an essential ingredient in most definitions of communication. However, information has also been an endless source of misunderstandings, and recent accounts have proposed that information should be dropped from a formal definition of communication. In this article, we re-evaluate the merits and the internal logic of information-based vs. information-free approaches and conclude that information-free approaches are conceptually incomplete and operationally hindered. Instead, we propose a functional notion of information that follows logically from previous adaptationist accounts. The ensuing definition of communication provides a wider, more inclusive theoretical scope that reflects more accurately the evolutionary scenario shaping animal signals. Additionally, it is a definition better equipped to deal with the extraordinary diversity of animal signals, facilitates the distinction of honest and deceptive signals at a proximate level and accommodates a number of conceptual and practical issues (e.g. redundancy, alerting components) that are lost when we fail to acknowledge the informative content of animal signals. [source] Sraffa's Legacy in Economics: Some Critical NotesMETROECONOMICA, Issue 3 2002Sergio Parrinello On the basis of a specific methodology attributed to Sraffa, I present a critical assessment of certain conflicting positions that characterize the book Critical Essays on Piero Sraffa's Legacy in Economics (ed. H. Kurz, 2000). A criticism is addressed to Samuelson's view according to which the assumption of constant returns is an essential ingredient of Sraffa's theory of prices. It is argued that the defence against Samuelson's attack from the Sraffian side could be strengthened following the above methodology and a certain neoclassical literature. Some questions are raised about the constructive scope of the theoretical work developed along the guidelines of Sraffa's book. [source] A Lepskij,type Stopping-Rule for Newton-type Methods with Random NoisePROCEEDINGS IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS & MECHANICS, Issue 1 2005Frank Bauer Regularized Newton methods are one of the most popular approaches for the solution of inverse problems in differential equations. Since these problems are usually ill-posed, an appropriate stopping rule is an essential ingredient of such methods. In this paper we suggest an a-posteriori stopping rule of Lepskij-type which is appropriate for data perturbed by random noise. The numerical results for this look promising. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] The internet: From basics to telesurgeryANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Issue 1 2002John C. Hall The exponential growth in information technology is resulting in a rapid increase in the ability to develop useful applications on the Internet. The purpose of the present article is to provide a brief review of the Internet with a consideration of its relevance to surgeons. This review is intended to indicate a range of relevant issues, rather than to discuss any specific topic in depth. It is becoming difficult for surgeons to reach their full potential unless they exploit Internet-based activities. This is because the ability to rapidly capture information of quality is an essential ingredient in a reflective approach to surgical problems. More futuristic is the prospect of using computer-based technology to operate upon patients from a distance (telesurgery). [source] General Rules Governing the Highly Efficient Growth of Carbon NanotubesADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 47 2009Don N. Futaba The key to highly efficient growth of carbon nanotubes includes two essential ingredients in the growth ambient: a carbon source that does not contain oxygen and a minute quantity of a secondary gas, which does contain oxygen, that acts as a growth enhancer. These and other general rules governing the growth of carbon nanotubes and the fundamental reasons from which they arise are presented. [source] Argumentation within deductive reasoningINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, Issue 1 2007Armin Fiedler Deductive reasoning is an area related to argumentation where machine-based techniques, notably theorem proving, can contribute substantially to the formation of arguments. However, making use of the functionality of theorem provers for this issue is associated with a number of difficulties and, as we will demonstrate, requires considerable effort for obtaining reasonable results. Aiming at the exploitation of machine-oriented reasoning for human-adequate argumentation in a broader sense, we present our model for producing proof presentations from machine-oriented inference structures. Capabilities of the model include adaptation to human-adequate degrees of granularity and explicitness in the underlying argumentation and interactive exploration of proofs. Enhancing capabilities in all these respects, even just those we have addressed so far, does not only improve the interactive use of theorem provers, but shows they are essential ingredients to support the functionality of dialog-oriented tutorial systems in formal domains. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Int Syst 22: 49,70, 2007. [source] Nonlinear simulations of magnetic instabilities in stellar radiation zones: The role of rotation and shearASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN, Issue 10 2007A.S. Brun Abstract Using the 3-dimensional ASH code, we have studied numerically the instabilities that occur in stellar radiation zones in presence of large-scale magnetic fields, rotation and large-scale shear. We confirm that some configurations are linearly unstable, as predicted by Tayler and collaborators, and we determine the saturation level of the instability. We find that rotation modifies the peak of the most unstable wave number of the poloidal instability but not its growth rate as much as in the case of the m = 1 toroidal instability for which it is changed to , = /,. Further in the case with rotation and shear, we found no sign of the dynamo mechanism suggested recently by Spruit even though we possess the essential ingredients (Tayler's m = 1 instability and a large scale shear) supposedly at work. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] | |||||||||||||