Esophageal SCC (esophageal + scc)

Distribution by Scientific Domains


Selected Abstracts


Expression of EMMPRIN and matriptase in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Correlation with clinicopathological parameters

DISEASES OF THE ESOPHAGUS, Issue 6 2006
M.-F. Cheng
SUMMARY., Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) and the type II transmembrane serine protease, matriptase, are expressed in several human cancers and play an important role in tumor progression. The aim of the present study was to investigate the immuno-staining patterns of EMMPRIN and matriptase in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and correlate the percentage tumor staining with tumor differentiation and clinical parameters. EMMPRIN and matriptase immunoreactivity was seen on the cell membrane and in the cytoplasm of tumor cells in all 41 cases of esophageal SCC evaluated. The percentage tumor staining of EMMPRIN was 48 ± 3% for well differentiated, 73 ± 3% for moderately differentiated, and 92 ± 3% for poorly differentiated esophageal SCC. Higher percentage tumor staining with EMMPRIN correlated significantly with poorly differentiated esophageal SCC (P < 0.05). The percentage tumor staining with matriptase correlated significantly with tumor differentiation (52 ± 3% for well differentiated, 85 ± 2% for moderately differentiated, and 88 ± 3% for poorly differentiated esophageal SCC). Additionally, higher percentage tumor staining with matriptase was significantly correlated with the advanced N and M stages (P < 0.05). Our results demonstrate that EMMPRIN and matriptase are over-expressed in esophageal SCC and are correlated with advanced clinicopathological stages. Pharmacological agents targeting EMMPRIN and matriptase expressions may be beneficial in the treatment of esophageal SCC. [source]


Differences and relationships of thymidine phosphorylase expression in tumor-associated macrophages and cancer cells in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus

DISEASES OF THE ESOPHAGUS, Issue 1 2002
N. Koide
SUMMARY. Thymidine phosphorylase (TP), which has been shown to be identical to platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor, is expressed in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) as well as cancer cells. The aim of this study was to clarify the differences or relationships of TP expression in TAMs and cancer cells in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Tissues samples were taken from 56 patients with esophageal SCC after curative surgery. The expression of TP in TAMs or SCC cells was examined using a monoclonal antibody to TP (clone 654,1). Microvessels in SCC that stained positively for Factor VIII-related antigen were counted (microvessel density, MVD). Macrophages in SCC that stained positively for CD68 antigen were counted (monocytic count). Ki-67 antigen was immunostained with MIB-1, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate biotin nick end labeling was performed, and Ki-67 labeling index (LI) and apoptotic index were calculated. The expression of TP in stromal cells and cancer cells was observed in 43 (76.8%) and 33 patients (58.9%), respectively. There were significant correlations between TP expression in stromal cells (TAMs) as well as in cancer cells and venous invasion, distant metastasis, or MVD. There was a correlation between TP expression in cancer cells and lymph node metastasis, and there were correlations between TP expression in TAMs and monocytic count or Ki-67 LI; however, there was no correlation between TP expression in TAMs and lymph node metastasis. On the other hand, in SCCs with TP expression in both TAMs and cancer cells, higher frequencies of venous invasion and distant metastasis, higher MVD and lower apoptotic index were observed than in other SCCs. The 5-year survival rate in patients with TP expression in both TAMs and cancer cells was poorer than that in patients with TP expression in neither TAMs and cancer cell. In conclusion, these results suggest that co-expression of TP in TAMs and cancer cells is strongly associated with angiogenic promotion and distant metastasis. However, other effects of TP, such as promotion of tumor growth and lymph node metastasis, may be different depending on whether these are expressed in TAMs or cancer cells in esophageal SCCs. Patients with coexpression of TP in TAMs and cancer cells may be associated with a poor prognosis. [source]


Esophageal cancer in Central and Eastern Europe: Tobacco and alcohol

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 7 2007
Mia Hashibe
Abstract Esophageal cancer mortality rates in Central and Eastern Europe have been increasing steadily and are expected to increase further in the future. To evaluate the role of risk factors for esophageal cancer in this population, a multicenter study was conducted, with investigation of tobacco and alcohol as one of the principal aims. We have included 192 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 35 adenocarcinoma cases of the esophagus diagnosed at designated hospitals in 5 centers from Romania, Russia, the Czech Republic and Poland. Controls were frequency matched from patients in the same hospital as the cases (n = 1,114). Our results showed that the risk of esophageal SCC may be increased by approximately 7-fold for current smokers (OR = 7.41, 95% CI 3.98,13.79) and by 3-fold for ever alcohol drinkers (OR = 2.86, 95% CI 1.06,7.74). Dose-response relations were evident for both the frequency and duration of tobacco and of alcohol on the risk of esophageal SCC. Risk estimates for tobacco smoking were highest for lower esophageal SCCs, while risk estimates for alcohol drinking were highest for upper esophageal SCCs; though differences were not statistically significant. For adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, our results suggested a more modest increase in risk because of tobacco smoking than that for SCC of the esophagus and no association with alcohol consumption, although our sample size was small. A synergistic interaction between tobacco and alcohol was observed for the risk of esophageal SCC, highlighting the importance of both factors for esophageal cancers in Central and Eastern Europe. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]


Serological identification of TROP2 by recombinant cDNA expression cloning using sera of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 6 2004
Kazue Nakashima
Abstract We applied serological analysis of recombinant cDNA expression libraries (SEREX) to cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) to identify tumor antigens. One of the clones identified was TROP2, which is known as calcium signal transducer. To evaluate the clinical significance of serum anti-TROP2 antibodies (s-TROP2-Abs) in patients with esophageal SCC, the presence of s-TROP2-Abs was analyzed by Western blotting using bacterially expressed TROP2 protein. We found that 23 of 75 (31%) patients were positive for s-TROP2-Abs. Positivity in terms of s-TROP2-Abs showed a significant association with tumor size but not with other clinicopathological features. The protein expression levels of TROP2 were much higher in esophageal SCC cell lines as compared to those in normal esophageal mucosa and its immortalized cells although the mRNA expression levels were not necessarily elevated in malignant cell lines and tissues. Immunohistochemical studies showed that the expression of TROP2 protein in esophageal SCC specimens was noticeably higher than that found in mild hyperplasia of esophageal mucosae. Thus, s-TROP2-Abs seemed useful in the diagnosis of SCC and may be a candidate for serum tumor markers. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]


Narrow-band imaging endoscopy with magnification is useful for detecting metachronous superficial pharyngeal cancer in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 2 2010
Satoru Nonaka
Abstract Background and Aims:, Head and neck cancers, especially pharyngeal cancers, as well as esophageal cancers frequently coexist either synchronously or metachronously, but most cases of pharyngeal cancer are detected at an advanced stage resulting in poor prognosis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of using narrow-band imaging (NBI) endoscopy with magnification for early detection of pharyngeal cancer on patients following their treatment for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Methods:, This case series was conducted at the National Cancer Center Hospital in Tokyo between April and October 2005 and included 424 consecutive patients for surveillance endoscopy who had previously undergone chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and/or surgery for esophageal SCC. Observation of the pharyngeal region was randomly conducted on 91 patients using NBI endoscopy with magnification (NBI group) and 333 patients using conventional white light endoscopy (control group). Results:, The detection rate for pharyngeal cancer was significantly higher using NBI endoscopy with magnification (10.9%; 10/91) compared with conventional endoscopy (1.2%; 4/333) (P < 0.0001). In particular, the detection rate in CRT patients was significantly higher in the NBI group (12.9%; 7/54) than the control group (0.5%; 1/191) (P < 0.0001). In addition, diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for the NBI group were 100% (10/10), 97.5% (79/81), 97.8% (89/91), 83.3% (10/12) and 100% (79/79), respectively. Conclusion:, NBI endoscopy with magnification is a promising technique for detecting superficial pharyngeal cancer at an early stage in patients previously treated for esophageal SCC. [source]


Chronic Atrophic Gastritis and Metachronous Gastric Cancer in Japanese Alcoholic Men With Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

ALCOHOLISM, Issue 5 2009
Akira Yokoyama
Background:, The risk of metachronous gastric cancer is high in Japanese with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), especially in alcoholic men, suggesting a common background underlying the gastric and esophageal cancers. Methods:, Endoscopic follow-up ranging from 7 to 160 months (median, 47 months) after the initial diagnosis was performed in 99 Japanese gastric-cancer-free alcoholic men (56.8 ± 6.4 years) with esophageal SCC detected by an endoscopic screening examination. Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) assessed by the serum pepsinogen test and Helicobacter pylori status was compared between 90 of the 99 esophageal SCC cases and 180 age-matched Japanese gastric- and esophageal-cancer-free alcoholic men. Results:, The serum pepsinogen test showed a higher seroprevalence of severe CAG among the cases than among the age-matched controls (35.4% vs. 14.2% for H. pylori -seropositive, 71.4% vs. 7.7% for H. pylori -indeterminate, and 17.1% vs. 9.8% for H. pylori -negative, respectively; H. pylori status-adjusted p = 0.0008), whereas their H. pylori status was similar. The accelerated progression of severe CAG observed in the Japanese alcoholic men with esophageal SCC suggests the existence of common mechanisms by which both esophageal SCC and H. pylori -related severe CAG develop in this population. Metachronous gastric adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in 11 of the 99 gastric-cancer-free patients, and the cumulative rate of metachronous gastric cancer within 5 years was estimated to be 15% according to the Kaplan,Meier method. The age-adjusted hazard ratios were 7.87 (95% confidence interval: 1.43 to 43.46) and 4.84 (1.16 to 20.21), respectively, in the patients with severe CAG in comparison with those without CAG and those without severe CAG. Inactive heterozygous aldehyde dehydrogenase-2, a very strong risk factor for esophageal SCC in the alcoholics, was not associated with an increased risk of metachronous gastric cancer. Conclusions:, Accelerated development of severe CAG at least partially explained the very high frequency of development of metachronous gastric cancer in this population. [source]


Subepithelial extension of squamous cell carcinoma in the esophagus: Histopathological study using D2-40 immunostaining for 108 superficial carcinomas

PATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 12 2007
Takayuki Amano
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus occasionally produces subepithelial extension (SEE) in the stroma below the non-cancerous epithelium. Little information on SEE has been obtained, therefore the purpose of the present study was to carry out a clinicopathological study using D2-40 immunostaining in 108 cases of superficial (mucosal and submucosal) SCC of the esophagus. SEE occurred in 24 cases (22.2%). The SEE was present in both mucosa and submucosa in 19 cases, but in five cases SEE was located in the mucosa. Lymphatic invasion of tumor cells was well determined on D2-40 immunostaining. In the SEE group lymphatic invasion was found in 15 cases, and in two cases there was lymphatic invasion in the lamina propria mucosa of the edge of SEE. In the SEE group 23 (95.8%) had infiltrative growth of tumor cells. Lymphatic invasion and growth pattern of tumor cells were statistically correlated with SEE. Lymph node metastases were found in 48 cases, but SEE was not correlated with nodal metastases statistically. In conclusion, esophageal SCC produces SEE from the early stage by infiltrative growth and lymphatic invasion of tumor cells. The detection of lymphatic invasion on D2-40 immunostaining in the mucosal edge of SEE is useful for evaluation of endoscopic mucosal resection tissue. [source]


Microsatellite instability in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is not associated with hMLH1 promoter hypermethylation

PATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 5 2003
Masahiro Hayashi
To test whether a subset of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) develop through a deficiency in DNA mismatch repair, we examined microsatellite instability (MSI) using 11 microsatellite markers including BAT-26, hMLH1 protein expression by immunohistochemistry, and methylation status of the hMLH1 promoter by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP). p53 mutations were also investigated. Microsatellite instability at one or more loci was observed in 40% (12/30) of esophageal SCC tumor samples, although only one of these tumors was categorized as high-frequency MSI (MSI-H) and none showed BAT-26 instability. While immunohistochemistry revealed decreased hMLH1 protein expression in 27% (8/30) of the tumors, hMLH1 promoter hypermethylation was not observed. Absence of hMLH1 protein expression was relatively common in well-differentiated (keratinizing-type) esophageal SCC, but was not associated with hMLH1 promoter hypermethylation. p53 mutation was detected in 37% (11/30) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in 90% (27/30) of esophageal SCC samples. Our results suggested that most esophageal SCC develop through defects in tumor suppressor genes (i.e. the suppressor pathway), and that MSI in esophageal SCC probably represent random replication errors rather than being associated with DNA mismatch repair deficiency. [source]


Preoperative serum midkine concentration is a prognostic marker for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

CANCER SCIENCE, Issue 7 2003
Hideaki Shimada
High preoperative serum midkine concentration is associated with poor survival in patients with esophageal cancer, even after radical surgery, and thus may have prognostic value. Midkine (MK), a heparin-binding growth factor, is expressed in numerous cancer tissues, and serum MK (S-MK) concentrations are increased in patients with various neoplasms. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical significance of S-MK in patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer (SCC). S-MK was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 135 healthy controls, 16 patients with benign esophageal disease, and 93 patients with primary esophageal SCC before surgery. The serum concentrations of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), SCC antigen (SCC-Ag), and cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21,1) were also evaluated. All patients with esophageal SCC underwent radical esophagec-tomy. Tumor MK expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 14 fresh tumor specimens. To determine whether S-MK is of value as a prognostic factor, the authors conducted a survival analysis using Cox's proportional hazards model. S-MK values in patients with esophageal SCC were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (417±342 pg/ml vs. 154±76 pg/ml, P<0.001). Using 300 pg/ml as the cut-off value (representing the mean +2 standard deviations of the S-MK of healthy controls), 61% of patients with esophageal SCC were classified as positive. MK expression by the tumor was significantly associated with high level of S-MK. High S-MK (,300 pg/ml) was associated with tumor size, immunoreactivity and poor survival. Multivariate analysis indicated that S-MK was an independent prognostic factor. S-MK may be a useful tumor marker for esophageal SCC. Increased preoperative S-MK in patients with esophageal SCC is associated with poor survival. [source]