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Epstein
Kinds of Epstein Terms modified by Epstein Selected AbstractsAn economic and social history of later medieval Europe, 1000,1500 , By Steven A. EpsteinECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW, Issue 3 2010RICHARD W. UNGER No abstract is available for this article. [source] The structure of the human allo-ligand HLA-B*3501 in complex with a cytochrome p450 peptide: Steric hindrance influences TCR allo-recognitionEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 12 2006Christopher Abstract Virus-specific T cell populations have been implicated in allo-recognition. The subdominant T cell receptor JL12 recognizes both HLA-B*0801 presenting the Epstein,Barr virus-derived peptide FLRGRAYGL and also HLA-B*3501 presenting the cytochrome p450 self peptide KPIVVLHGY. This cross-reactivity could promote the rejection of HLA-B*3501-positive cells in Epstein,Barr virus-exposed HLA-B*0801 recipients. LC13, the dominant TCR against the HLA-B*0801:FLRGRAYGL complex, fails to recognize HLA-B*3501:KPIVVLHGY. We report the 1.75-Angstrom resolution crystal structure of the human allo-ligand HLA-B*3501:KPIVVLHGY. Similarities between this structure and that of HLA-B*0801:FLRGRAYGL may facilitate cross-recognition by JL12. Moreover, the elevated peptide position in HLA-B*3501:KPIVVLHGY would provide steric hindrance to LC13, preventing it from interacting in the manner in which it interacts with HLA-B*0801:FLRGRAYGL. These findings are relevant to understanding the basis of T cell cross-reactivity in allo-recognition, optimal transplant donor-recipient matching and developing specific molecular inhibitors of allo-recognition. [source] Epstein,Barr virus reactivation and multiple sclerosisEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 1 2008Ø. Torkildsen Infection with Epstein,Barr virus (EBV) is considered one of the possible key environmental factors in the aetiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). Whether EBV plays an underlying role as an activator of MS remains, however, controversial. Sixty-one patients with definite relapsing,remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) according to the Poser criteria were followed for 1 year. Blood samples were drawn at baseline, months 3, 6 and 12, and in case of any clinical exacerbation. Twenty-three baseline,paired exacerbation samples in the same set were quantitatively analysed to examine whether exacerbations in MS were associated with a change in anti-diffuse component of the EBV-early antigen (EA-D) IgG ratio. All the 61 patients (100%) were anti-viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgG positive, one (2%) was anti-VCA IgM positive and 60 (98%) were anti-EBV nuclear antigen IgG positive. Mean anti-EA-D IgG at baseline was 0.57 (range 0.12,2.70) and at the time of exacerbations 0.61 (range 0.11,2.70). Wilcoxon signed rank test revealed no differences between the 23 baseline and paired exacerbation samples (P = 0.58). Our findings suggest that reactivation of latent EBV infection does not play a significant role for exacerbations in RRMS. [source] Bilateral facial palsy: Epstein,Barr virus, not Lyme diseaseEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 9 2006J. Diedler Bilateral facial palsy is frequently linked with lyme disease. We report a patient with bilateral facial palsy due to Epstein-Barr virus infection but with Borrelia burgdorferi IgM in serum caused by polyclonal B-lymphocyte stimulation. [source] Fast set-up of doxycycline-inducible protein expression in human cell lines with a single plasmid based on Epstein,Barr virus replication and the simple tetracycline repressorFEBS JOURNAL, Issue 3 2007Markus Bach We have developed a novel plasmid vector, pEBTetD, for full establishment of doxycycline-inducible protein expression by just a single transfection. pEBTetD contains an Epstein,Barr virus origin of replication for stable and efficient episomal propagation in human cell lines, a cassette for continuous expression of the simple tetracycline repressor, and a cytomegalovirus-type 2 tetracycline operator (tetO2)-tetO2 promoter. As there is no integration of vector into the genome, clonal isolation of transfected cells is not necessary. Cells are thus ready for use 1 week after transfection; this contrasts with 3,12 weeks for other systems. Adequate regulation of protein expression was accomplished by abrogation of mRNA polyadenylation. In northern analysis of seven cDNAs coding for transport proteins, pools of transfected human embryonic kidney 293 cells showed on/off mRNA ratios in the order of 100 : 1. Cell pools were also analyzed for regulation of protein function. With two transport proteins of the plasma membrane, the on/off activity ratios were 24 : 1 and 34 : 1, respectively. With enhanced green fluorescent protein, a 23 : 1 ratio was observed based on fluorescence intensity data from flow cytometry. The unique advantage of our system rests on the unmodified tetracycline repressor, which is less likely, by relocation upon binding of doxycycline, to cause cellular disturbances than chimera of tetracycline repressor and eukaryotic transactivation domains. Thus, in a comprehensive comparison of on- and off-states, a steady cellular background is provided. Finally, in contrast to a system based on Flp recombinase, the set-up of our system is inherently reliable. [source] Complementation of NADPH oxidase in p67-phox-deficient CGD patientsFEBS JOURNAL, Issue 4 2000p67-phox/p40-phox interaction Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is due to a functional defect of the O2, generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes. Epstein,Barr-virus-immortalized B lymphocytes express all the constituents of oxidase with activity 100 times less than that of neutrophils. As in neutrophils, oxidase activity of Epstein,Barr-virus-immortalized B lymphocytes was shown to be defective in the different forms of CGD; these cells were used as a model for the complementation studies of two p67-phox-deficient CGD patients. Reconstitution of oxidase activity was performed in vitro by using a heterologous cell-free assay consisting of membrane-suspended or solubilized and purified cytochrome b558 that was associated with cytosol or with the isolated cytosolic-activating factors (p67-phox, p47-phox, p40-phox) from healthy or CGD patients. In p67-phox-deficient CGD patients, two cytosolic factors are deficient or missing: p67-phox and p40-phox. Not more than 20% of oxidase activity was recovered by complementing the cytosol of p67-phox-deficient patients with recombinant p67-phox. On the contrary, a complete restoration of oxidase activity was observed when, instead of cytosol, the cytosolic factors were added in the cell-free assay after isolation in combination with cytochrome b558 purified from neutrophil membrane. Moreover, the simultaneous addition of recombinant p67-phox and recombinant p40-phox reversed the previous complementation in a p40-phox dose-dependent process. These results suggest that in the reconstitution of oxidase activity, p67-phox is the limiting factor; the efficiency of complementation depends on the membrane tissue and the cytosolic environment. In vitro, the transition from the resting to the activated state of oxidase, which results from assembling, requires the dissociation of p40-phox from p67-phox for efficient oxidase activity. In the process, p40-phox could function as a negative regulatory factor and stabilize the resting state. [source] Ebp2p, yeast homologue of a human protein that interacts with Epstein,Barr virus Nuclear Antigen 1, is required for pre-rRNA processing and ribosomal subunit assemblyGENES TO CELLS, Issue 7 2000Rota Tsujii Background A defect in the secretory pathway causes the transcriptional repression of both rRNA and ribosomal protein genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, suggesting a coupling of ribosome synthesis and plasma membrane synthesis. Rrs1p, an essential nuclear protein, is required for the secretory response. Results EBP2, encoding the yeast homologue of a human protein that interacts with Epstein,Barr virus Nuclear Antigen 1, was cloned in a two-hybrid screen using RRS1 as a bait. The rrs1-1 mutation, which produces Rrs1p without the C-terminal half and causes a defect in the secretory response, almost abolished the interaction with Ebp2p. Ebp2p is essential for growth and is mainly localized in the nucleolus. The effects of Ebp2p depletion on ribosome biogenesis is quite similar to that of Rrs1p depletion; in the Ebp2p-depleted cells, the rate of pre-rRNA processing is slower, and significantly less mature 25S rRNA is produced compared to those in wild-type cells. The polysome pattern indicates that Ebp2p-depletion causes a decrease of 80S monosomes and polysomes, an accumulation of 40S subunits, and the appearance of half-mer polysomes. Conclusions Ebp2p is required for the maturation of 25S rRNA and 60S subunit assembly. Ebp2p may be one of the target proteins of Rrs1p for executing the signal to regulate ribosome biogenesis. [source] Application of combined immunofluorescence and fluorescence in situ hybridization on paraffin-embedded sections to characterize T-cell lymphoma with EBV-infected B-cell blastsGENES, CHROMOSOMES AND CANCER, Issue 4 2004Genevieve K. Temple Combined immunofluorescence (IF) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections were used to examine lymph node tissue from two patients diagnosed with T-cell lymphoma with Epstein,Barr virus (EBV),infected B-cell blasts. The majority of cells within the samples comprised T-cells staining positively for CD3. In addition, both patients had a population of large pleiomorphic cells that were positive for the B-cell marker CD20 and for EBV LMP-1. Standard PCR clonality testing of the nodes revealed both immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) and T-cell receptor (TCR) clonal rearrangements in one patient, although in the other case monoclonality was demonstrated only for TCRG. Cytogenetics of cultured lymphocytes from nodal tissue revealed two apparently unrelated abnormal clones in both patients. Combined IF and FISH revealed that these phenomena reflected two abnormal populations of B- and T-cells rather than reactive B-cell hyperplasia or biphenotypic evolution from a common ancestral lymphoma. True B-cell malignancy probably emerged within a preexisting but unrelated T-cell lymphoma. This is the first study to relate the phenotype of the abnormal cells in such cases to specific clonal populations of cells, and it demonstrates a method that may easily be introduced into a diagnostic cytogenetics laboratory with access to standard pathology laboratory resources. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] In Pursuit of Liberalism: International Institutions in Postcommunist Europe , By Rachel A. EpsteinGOVERNANCE, Issue 1 2010ANNA GRZYMALA-BUSSE No abstract is available for this article. [source] Sustained expression of Epstein,Barr virus episomal vector mediated factor VIII in vivo following muscle electroporationHAEMOPHILIA, Issue 3 2006W.-H. MEI Summary., Haemophilia A treatment is an attractive candidate for gene therapy. The aim of haemophilia gene therapy is to obtain long-term therapeutic level of factor VIII (FVIII). We investigated Epstein,Barr virus (EBV)-based episomal vector combined with in vivo electroporation of naked DNA as a safe, efficient and simple method for correcting FVIII deficiency. A combinant FVIII expression EBV-based episomal vector pcDNA3-FVIII-EBVR was constructed and expressed in COS-7 cells. Then the naked plasmid DNA was injected into the quadriceps of mice following the electric pulse stimulation. Our data showed that pcDNA3-FVIII-EBVR expression in transfected COS-7 can maintain stably for at least 60 days and the hFVIII:Ag in plasma in two pcDNA3-FVIII-EBVR groups mice was higher than that in pcDNA-FVIII groups no matter with or without electric pulse stimulation. With the stimulating of electric pulse, the FVIII expression in plasma of recipient mice was increased two- to fourfolds and can be lasted for at least 90 days. No severe muscle damage was detected. So this novel strategy that FVIII expression mediated by EBV episomal vector following muscle electroporation is efficient, safe, simple and economic and may be applicable to clinical usage. [source] HPV-positive/p16-positive/EBV-negative nasopharyngeal carcinoma in white North Americans,HEAD & NECK: JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES & SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, Issue 5 2010Jessica H. Maxwell MD Abstract Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been detected in keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPCs); however, the relationship between HPV and Epstein,Barr virus (EBV) among whites with nonkeratinizing NPCs remains unclear. The HPV, p16, and EBV status was examined in current University of Michigan patients with NPC. Methods From 2003 to 2007, 89 patients, 84 with oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) and 5 with NPC, were enrolled in an organ-sparing trial. Biopsy tissues from all 89 patients were evaluated for HPV and p16 expression. A separate HPV analysis of the 84 OPC patients is in progress. Among the patients with NPC, tumor tissue was also analyzed for EBV-encoded RNA (EBER). Results Five of 89 patients (5.6%) had NPC, all with nonkeratinizing histology. The 4 white patients with NPC were HPV(+) (subtype-16, subtype-18 [2 patients], and subtype-59)/p16(+)/EBER(-). One Asian patient with NPC had an HPV(-)/p16(-)/EBER(+) NPC tumor that developed distant metastases. Conclusion We postulate that HPV may be the etiologic factor in some EBV-negative, nonkeratinizing NPCs among whites. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010 [source] Immunophenotypic analysis of the Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV; HHV-8)-infected B cells in HIV+ multicentric Castleman disease (MCD)HISTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 5 2008A Chadburn Aims:, Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) is aetiologically related to Kaposi sarcoma, classical and extracavitary primary effusion lymphoma (PEL; EC-PEL) and multicentric Castleman disease (MCD), entities preferentially occurring in HIV-infected individuals. Characterization of HIV-associated PELs/EC-PELs suggests that the KSHV-infected malignant cells originate from a pre-terminal stage of B-cell differentiation. However, only limited phenotypic studies have been performed on HIV+ MCD, including for PR domain containing 1 with zinc finger domain/B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (PRDM1/BLIMP1), a key regulator of terminal B-cell differentiation. The aim was to characterize KSHV-infected cells in 17 cases of HIV+ MCD. Methods and results:, Double immunohistochemistry and immunohistochemistry,in situ hybridization were used to characterize the KSHV-infected cells in MCD; the results were compared with the phenotypic profiles of 39 PELs/EC-PELs and seven PEL cell lines. Whereas the immunophenotype of KSHV-infected cells in MCD and malignant KSHV+ PEL cells was similar (PAX5, Bcl-6,; PRDM1/BLIMP1, IRF4/MUM1+; Ki67+), the MCD KSHV-infected cells differed, as they expressed OCT2, cytoplasmic , immunoglobulin; variably expressed CD27; lacked CD138; and were Epstein,Barr virus negative. Conclusions:, Although both PEL and MCD originate from KSHV-infected pre-terminally differentiated B cells, these findings, with previously reported genetic studies, indicate HIV+ MCD may arise from extrafollicular B cells, whereas PELs may originate from cells that have traversed the germinal centre. [source] Frequency of Epstein,Barr virus expression in various histological subtypes of Hodgkin's lymphomaHISTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 6 2008M Katebi No abstract is available for this article. [source] Overexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and accumulation of 8-OHdG in nasopharyngeal carcinomaHISTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 2 2008Y Segawa Aims:, Nitric oxide (NO), produced by inducible NO synthase (iNOS), has been suggested to cause oxidative stress, leading to 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) accumulation and subsequent transversion mutation of DNA. The aim was to evaluate iNOS expression and the status of oxidative stress in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods and results:, Seventy-three cases of NPC were investigated to examine the immunohistochemical expression of iNOS, 8-OHdG and latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) and Epstein,Barr virus-encoded small RNA (EBER) expression using in situ hybridization. iNOS mRNA expression and p53 gene mutations were also assessed. Overexpression of iNOS, LMP-1 and EBER was observed in 62 (84.9%), 28 (38.4%) and 53 (72.6%) cases respectively. p53 gene mutation was found in 10 of 73 (13.7%) cases. Immunohistochemical iNOS expression was associated with the 8-OHdG labelling index, iNOS mRNA expression and p53 gene alteration (P < 0.0001, P = 0.016 and 0.0082 respectively). Conclusions:, Our present findings suggest that the expression of iNOS induces oxidative stress in NPC. Although the presence of p53 mutation was associated with iNOS overexpression, the type of acid,base change of p53 was transition, but not transversion, which suggests that the p53 gene is not the direct target of DNA damage by 8-OHdG accumulation. [source] Pyothorax-associated lymphoma (PAL): a western case with marked angiocentricity and review of the literatureHISTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 1 2004A Androulaki Aims :,To report a case of pyothorax-associated lymphoma in a non-immunocompromised 78-year-old man with a 45-year history of tuberculous pleuritis and left pleural effusion. Pyothorax-associated lymphoma is a high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma occurring in 2% of patients with long-standing tuberculous pleuritis and pyothorax. Pyothorax-associated lymphoma is frequently Epstein,Barr virus (EBV)-associated, mainly reported in Japan but exceedingly rare in western countries. Methods and results :,Histology revealed a high-grade, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with immunoblastic and plasmacytoid features and marked angiocentricity with focal destruction of the vessel walls. Immunohistochemistry revealed a post germinal B-cell phenotype. RNA in-situ hybridization and molecular analysis showed a latent EBV infection and absence of human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8). Conclusions :,Pyothorax-associated lymphoma represents a rare but distinctive type of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, with characteristic clinico-epidemiological, immunohistological, and biological features. [source] B-lymphocyte subpopulations are equally susceptible to Epstein,Barr virus infection, irrespective of immunoglobulin isotype expressionIMMUNOLOGY, Issue 4 2003Barbro Ehlin-Henriksson Summary While Epstein,Barr virus (EBV) is known to establish latency in the memory B-cell compartment, there is controversy as to whether the memory or the naïve B cell is the initial target for infection. Here we have explored the infectability of the B-cell subsets contained in peripheral blood and tonsils, as distinguished by their surface expression of the immunoglobulin isotypes that help to define naïve and memory pools. First we show that both CD21 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules , respectively, the major receptor and co-receptor for EBV on B cells , are expressed at similar levels on blood and tonsillar B cells, irrespective of surface immunoglobulin class, indicating that each of the subsets demonstrate an equal potential, at least for infection. Then, following in vitro infection of total tonsillar B cells, we found that the relative frequencies of immunoglobulin (Ig)M-, IgG- and IgA-positive cells containing EBV-encoded Epstein,Barr virus nuclear antigen 5 (EBNA5) protein at 48 hr were similar to those of the starting population. However, IgD expression was uniformly decreased, probably as a consequence of cellular activation. These data indicate that recirculating B cells have both the potential for, and susceptibility to, initial infection by EBV, irrespective of the immunoglobulin isotype expressed. [source] Epstein,Barr virus and parvovirus B19 coinfection in a Crohn's disease patient under azathioprineINFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES, Issue 6 2010Teresa Moreira MD No abstract is available for this article. [source] Cholestatic hepatitis, acute acalculous cholecystitis, and hemolytic anemia: primary Epstein,Barr virus infection under azathioprineINFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES, Issue 11 2009Stefan Hagel MD First page of article [source] Epstein,Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferation awareness in hemophagocytic syndrome complicating thiopurine treatment for Crohn's diseaseINFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES, Issue 10 2009C. Serrate MD No abstract is available for this article. [source] Infliximab and the risk of latent viruses reactivation in active Crohn's diseaseINFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES, Issue 7 2007Alessandro Lavagna MD Abstract Background: Infliximab is used for refractory Crohn's disease but there are concerns regarding long-term safety. Recently, JC-polyomavirus (JCV) was studied after 3 cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) were found after treatment with natalizumab. The aim of this study was to investigate the short-term effect of infliximab on reactivation of several harmful latent viruses. Methods: Sixty consecutive patients scheduled for infliximab induction course were prospectively enrolled. Blood samples were taken before each infliximab infusion at 0, 2, 6, and 14 weeks. Specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses were performed to detect JCV, Epstein,Barr virus (EBV), human herpes virus-6, (HHV-6), -7, -8, and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Results: Indications to infliximab were luminal and fistulizing disease in 49 and 15 cases, respectively. Clinical improvement and remission were achieved in 54 (90%) and 39 (65%) of patients, respectively, at 6 weeks. No patient was JCV-positive at any timepoint. EBV serology was positive for 59/60 patients (98%); EBV-PCR tests were transiently positive (>40 copies/105 Peripheral blood mononuclear cells, PBMC) in 4 (7%) patients after infliximab, but in each case were negative at subsequent timepoints. All patients were negative for HHV-6, -7, and -8 at all timepoints. CMV serology was positive in 42 patients (70%), but no CMV-PCR-positive patient was observed. There was no association between concomitant treatments or clinical characteristics and viral status. Conclusions: Our results support the safety of short-term infliximab treatment with respect to latent virus reactivation. The long-term effects of infliximab, particularly for the issue of lymphoproliferative disorders, warrants further studies with larger populations, but so far data are reassuring. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2007) [source] Urgent liver transplantation for acute liver failure due to parvovirus B19 infection complicated by primary Epstein,Barr virus and cytomegalovirus infections and aplastic anaemiaINTERNAL MEDICINE JOURNAL, Issue 3 2007K. So Abstract An 11-year-old boy presented with hepatic failure secondary to parvovirus B19 infection, requiring urgent liver transplantation. His recovery was complicated by primary Epstein,Barr virus and cytomegalovirus infections. He subsequently developed aplastic anaemia that has been refractory to antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporine therapy and may now require bone marrow transplantation. We present this case to emphasize parvovirus as a rare cause of hepatic failure and of aplastic anaemia as a complication of the virus. [source] Breast cancer and microbial cancer incidence in female populations around the world: A surprising hyperbolic associationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 5 2008Anamaria Savu Abstract Current literature on cancer epidemiology typically discusses etiology of cancer by cancer type. Risks of different cancer types are, however, correlated at population level and may provide etiological clues. We showed previously an unexpected very high positive correlation between breast cancer (BC) and young-adult Hodgkin disease incidence rates. In a population-based case,control study of BC, older ages at the first Epstein,Barr virus exposure, indicated by older ages at onset of infectious mononucleosis, were associated with elevated BC risk. Here we examine BC risk in association with microbial cancer (MC) risk in female populations across the world. MC cancers are cervical, liver and stomach cancers with established causal associations with human papillomaviruses, hepatitis viruses, and helicobacter pylori, respectively. We examined age-adjusted BC and MC incidence rates in 74 female populations around the world with cancer registries. Our analysis suggests that BC and MC rates are inversely associated in a special mathematical form such that the product of BC rate and MC rate is approximately constant across world female populations. A differential equation model with solutions consistent to the observed inverse association was derived. BC and MC rates were modeled as functions of an exposure level to unspecified common factors that influence the 2 rates. In conjunction with previously reported evidence, we submit a hypothesis that BC etiology may have an appreciable link with microbial exposures (and/or immunological responses to them), the lack of which, especially in early life, may elevate BC risk. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] The non-Hodgkin lymphomas: A review of the epidemiologic literatureINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue S12 2007Dominik D. Alexander Abstract The non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) are a heterogeneous group of B-cell and T-cell neoplasms that arise primarily in the lymph nodes. NHL incidence rates in the US doubled between about 1970 and 1990, and stabilized during the 1990s. NHL accounts for ,3.4% of cancer deaths in the US. Although some of the observed patterns in NHL have been related to HIV/AIDS, these conditions cannot fully explain the magnitude of the changes; neither do changes in classification systems nor improved diagnostic capabilities. Studies of occupational and environmental exposures (e.g., pesticides, solvents) have produced no consistent pattern of significant positive associations. Inverse associations with ultraviolet radiation exposure and alcohol and fish intake, and positive associations with meat and saturated fat intake have been reported in several studies; additional studies are needed to confirm or refute these associations. Family history of NHL or other hematolymphoproliferative cancers and personal history of several autoimmune disorders are associated with increased risk of NHL, but are not likely to account for a large proportion of cases. HIV and other infectious agents, such as human herpesvirus 8 and Epstein,Barr, appear to be associated with differing types of NHL, such as some B-cell lymphomas. Future epidemiologic studies should evaluate associations by NHL type, enhance exposure information collected, and elucidate factors that may identify susceptible (or resistant) subpopulations because of genetic, immunologic or other characteristics. The extent to which the etiology of NHL types may differ is important to resolve in ongoing and future studies. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, presenting after 5 years of remissionINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2008Tomonobu Ito MD A 76-year-old woman with multiple edematous erythemas, erosions, and ulcers on the breast and abdomen was admitted to our hospital in June 2005. She had developed granulomatous bleeding lesions in the right nostril 6 years prior to her visit to our dermatology unit. She had been observed at the otorhinolaryngology department of our hospital, and a biopsy was taken from the nasal lesion. Computerized tomography and gallium scintigraphy (67Ga single-photon emission computed tomography) did not reveal any lesions corresponding to the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma. The histologic examination of the nasal specimen rendered a diagnosis of natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma, nasal. Because imaging analysis indicated a small-sized tumor without metastases, oral prednisolone at 20 mg/day was administered for 1 month. The tumor decreased in size and disappeared after 19 months of low-dose steroid therapy. ,Five years after the initial treatment, the patient developed a fever of 38 °C with infiltrated erythemas and erosions on her breast. Erysipelas was initially suspected, but the antimicrobial agent did not show any effect and the multiple infiltrated erythemas and ulcers spread throughout her chest and abdomen (Fig. 1). The lymph nodes were not palpable. The right nasal cavity showed no granulomatous lesions or other signs of abnormality. The peripheral white blood cell count (3000/µL), red blood cell count (3.54 × 106/µL), and platelet count (112 × 103/µL) were reduced. Atypical lymphocytes were not observed. The serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH; 1770 U/L; normal, 224,454 U/L), aspartate aminotransferase (AST; 140 U/L; normal, 10,30 U/L), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT; 57 U/L; normal, 3,29 U/L) levels were elevated. The soluble interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor level was high (25,300 U/mL; normal, 167,497 U/mL). Epstein,Barr virus (EBV) serologic examination showed the immunoglobulin G (IgG) viral capsid antigen (VCA) at 1 : 320 and the EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA) at 1 : 40. IgM VCA and EBV early antigen-diffuse restricted antibody (EA) IgA and IgG were not detectable. Histologic findings from the left chest skin showed a distribution of atypical lymphocytes from the upper dermis to the subcutaneous tissue, and many foamy cells which had phagocytosed the hemocytes (Fig. 2a,b). Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the atypical lymphocytes were sCD3,, CD4,, CD8,, CD20,, CD56+, granzyme B+, and T-cell intracellular antigen (TIA-1) positive. Furthermore, EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBER), detected by in situ hybridization, exhibited a strong signal. The nasal lesions biopsied 6 years previously showed an identical staining pattern with the skin lesions immunohistochemically. Analysis of the T-cell receptor-, (TCR-,), TCR-,, and TCR-, gene did not reveal any clonal rearrangements, but the EBV gene was detected from the skin specimens by Southern blotting. Our patient's condition was diagnosed as a case of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, but the patient had concomitantly developed hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS). She was treated with a combination of steroid pulse therapy and chemotherapy (pirarubicin hydrochloride 30 mg/m2, cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2, vincristine 1 mg/m2, prednisolone 30 mg/m2, etoposide 80 mg/m2). After the first session of chemotherapy, the lesions on the chest and abdomen diminished, but, 2 weeks later, the skin lesions recurred, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) induced by HPS supervened. The patient died as a result of multiple organ failure induced by HPS. Figure 1. Multiple infiltrated erythemas, erosions, and ulcers on the breast and abdomen Figure 2. Histologic findings of a skin biopsy specimen from the left chest (hematoxylin and eosin staining). (a) Dense infiltration of atypical lymphocytes from the upper dermis to the subcutaneous tissue (×40). (b) Many foamy cells had phagocytosed the hemocytes (×400) [source] Epstein,Barr virus (EBV)-associated aggressive peripheral T-cell lymphoma showing folliculotropismINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 5 2006Hye-Jin Choi MD No abstract is available for this article. [source] Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis mimicking toxic epidermal necrolysisINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 7 2001Arnon D. Cohen MD A 91-year-old patient presented with a nonfebrile, pruritic, widespread eruption that appeared 10 days after starting therapy with cefuroxime tablets, 1000 mg/day, due to stasis dermatitis with secondary infection. The patient was also treated with paracetamol tablets, 500,1000 mg/day, 10 days before the onset of the eruption. Previous diseases included congestive heart disease, hyperglycemia, and ectropion. There was no personal or family history of psoriasis. Additional medications, taken for more than 2 years at the time of the eruption, included indomethacin, captopril, hydrochlorothiazide, isosorbide-5-mononitrate tablets, and a combination drug Laxative®. Examination revealed widespread erythema involving 95% of the total body surface area, with numerous 1,2 mm nonfollicular pustules (Fig. 1). There was no predilection to the body folds. Within 24 h of hospitalization, during intravenous therapy with cefuroxime, the patient's condition worsened and bullae containing clear fluid appeared. Nikolsky's sign was positive on erythematous skin, and eventually skin detachment involved 41% of the total body surface area (Fig. 2). There were no target or target-like lesions and there was no involvement of the mucous membranes. Figure 1. Numerous, 1,2 mm, nonfollicular pustules, with confluence (viewed in the lower left part of the photograph), on erythematous skin Figure 2. Widespread skin detachment An early biopsy from a pustule revealed subcorneal and intraepidermal spongiform pustules, papillary edema, perivascular mononuclear infiltrate with a few eosinophils in the dermis, and leukocytoclastic vasculitis. A later biopsy showed similar findings with no evidence of full-thickness epidermal necrosis or necrotic keratinocytes. Direct immune fluorescence (DIF) taken from erythematous skin was negative. Laboratory studies showed the following results: sedimentation rate, 80 mm/h; white blood cell count, 26,200/mm3 with 87% polymorphonuclears and 1.8% eosinophils; hemoglobin, 13.0 g/dL; albumin, 2.8 g/dL (normal, 3.5,5.5 g/dL); other blood chemistry tests were normal. Immunologic studies for rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibodies, antismooth muscle antibodies, antiparietal cell antibodies, antimitochondrial antibodies, C3, and C4 were normal or negative. Serology for venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test, Epstein,Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and antistreptolysin titer was negative. Chest X-ray was normal. Blood cultures were negative. Swab cultures taken from the pustules revealed Staphylococcus aureus as well as coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. All systemic drugs, including intravenous cefuroxime, were withdrawn with close monitoring for signs of heart failure or infection. Topical therapy consisted of application of wet dressings. Within 10 days, the eruption resolved with re-epithelialization of the erosions and the appearance of widespread post-pustular desquamation (Fig. 3) Figure 3. Post-pustular desquamation on the trunk [source] A clonal cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative eruption in a patient with evidence of past exposure to hepatitis EINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 7 2000Freddye M. Lemons-Estes CDR, MC USN The patient was a 52-year-old white man who had worked in remote areas of the world during the past 2 years, including an extended period in rural areas of Central Africa and in Central and South America. He had no acute illnesses during the 2-year period except for rare, mild, upper respiratory tract infections. For approximately 1 year, however, he had developed recurrent, papular-vesicular, slightly painful lesions on the fingers and palms, that spontaneously healed over weeks to months ( Fig. 1). The patient had no other concurrent illnesses and no abnormal laboratory findings, except for positive enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies for hepatitis E virus (HEV) using a recombinant expressed HEV antigen (Genelabs Technologies, Inc., San Antonio). Prolonged treatment with minocycline did not appear to moderate the lesions. At approximately 2.5 years after the development of his first cutaneous lesion, however, the patient reported that he had had no new lesions for over 3 months. Figure 1. Vesicular ,lesion on the finger which regressed over a period of weeks A biopsy specimen showed an intraepidermal vesicle with prominent epidermal necrosis and reticular degeneration ( Fig. 2). Within the epidermis, there was a dense infiltrate of lymphoid cells. The majority of these cells were pleomorphic with prominent nucleoli and frequent mitotic figures ( Fig. 3). Sheets of atypical cells were found in the subjacent dermis. The infiltrate extended down into the reticular dermis. With extension into the dermis, the infiltrate became more polymorphous with more small lymphoid cells, large numbers of eosinophils, and some plasma cells located more deeply. Figure 2. Intraepidermal ,blister showing reticular degeneration and marked epidermotrophism of large atypical cells with extension into the dermis with a mixed infiltrate containing eosinophils and plasma cells (30×) Figure 3. Intraepidermal ,infiltrate of large atypical cells with extension into the dermis with a mixed infiltrate containing eosinophils and plasma cells (400×) Immunohistochemical stains for CD3 (DAKO), CD4 (Becton Dickinson), CD8 (Becton Dickinson), CD15 (LeuM1, Becton Dickinson), CD20 (L-26, DAKO), CD30 (Ber-H2, DAKO), CD45RO (UCHL1, DAKO), S-100 protein (DAKO), T-cell intracellular antigen (TIA) (Coulter), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) (DAKO), KP-1 (CD68, DAKO), MAC-387 (DAKO), Epstein,Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane antigen-1 (LMP-1, DAKO), and EBV-encoded nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2, DAKO) were performed on formalin-fixed tissue using the ABC method with DABA as the chromagen. CD3 showed diffuse membrane staining of the large atypical lymphoid cells, as well as the majority of the small lymphoid cells ( Fig. 4). CD4 showed positive membrane staining of the large atypical lymphoid cells and the majority of the small lymphoid cells. CD8 showed only scattered light membrane staining of small lymphoid cells. CD15 was negative, and CD20 showed foci of groups of small lymphoid cells mainly within the reticular dermis. CD30 showed positive membrane and paranuclear staining of the large atypical cells, most abundant within the epidermis and papillary dermis ( Fig. 5). CD45RO showed positive membrane staining of the large atypical cells and the majority of the small lymphoid cells. S-100 protein showed increased dendritic cells within the surrounding viable epidermis and the subjacent papillary dermis ( Fig. 6). TIA showed granular staining in the large atypical lymphoid cells and only rare staining in small lymphoid cells ( Fig. 7). EMA staining was essentially negative. KP-1 showed only scattered positive cells mainly in the lower papillary and the reticular dermis. MAC-387 showed membrane staining in the viable epidermis ( Fig. 8). LMP-1 and EBNA2 for EBV were negative within the lymphoid cells as well as within the overlying epidermis. Figure 4. Immunohistochemical ,staining for CD3 showing diffuse staining of lymphoid cells within the epidermis and dermis (150×) Figure 5. Immunohistochemical ,staining for CD30 showing membrane and paranuclear staining of large atypical lymphoid cells within the epidermis and papillary dermis (a, 150× b, 400×) Figure 6. Immunohistochemical ,staining for S-100 protein within the epidermis and in the papillary dermis (a, 150× b, 300×) Figure 7. Immunohistochemical ,granular staining of large atypical lymphoid cells for TIA (200×) Figure 8. Immunohistochemical ,staining for MAC-387 showing epidermal staining (100×) Gene rearrangement studies showed a ,-T-cell receptor gene rearrangement. The monoclonal band was detected with VJ1, VJ2, and D1J2 primer sets. The T-cell receptor , rearrangement assay has a sensitivity of 61% and a specificity of 94% for the detection of a monoclonal rearrangement in T-cell lymphomas for which amplifiable DNA can be recovered. Electron microscopy was performed on formalin-fixed material, positive-fixed with 2.5% phosphate-buffered glutaraldehyde and further with 1% osmium tetroxide by standard techniques. Intracellular, 50,60-nm, cytoplasmic, spherical, viral-like particles were identified ( Fig. 9). Figure 9. Electron ,microscopy showing 50,60-nm diameter, intracellular, viral-like particles (arrows) (70,000×) [source] Resuscitating the C-CAPM: empirical evidence from France and GermanyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FINANCE & ECONOMICS, Issue 4 2005Stuart Hyde Abstract In this paper we analyse whether the consumption based capital asset pricing model is consistent with asset return data from the French and German stock markets. We evaluate the performance of the C-CAPM by applying the non-parametric methodology of Hansen and Jagannathan and adopting five alternative specifications of utility. In addition to standard power utility we adopt the recursive preferences model proposed by Epstein and Zin. We also consider both internal and external habit formation (persistence) using the models proposed by Constantinides, Abel and Campbell and Cochrane. We evaluate our findings using the tests of Burnside and Hansen and Jagannathan. We find that the majority of models produce stochastic discount factors consistent with the data. However, high degrees of risk aversion are implied for the models to be consistent. Incorporating habit formation only partially reduces the implied levels of risk aversion. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Subacute immune response to primary EBV infection leading to post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease in a renal transplant patientINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LABORATORY HEMATOLOGY, Issue 5 2004S. Leaver Summary A 23-year-old man sero-negative for Epstein,Barr virus (EBV) developed recurrent sore throats 3 and 6 months after a renal transplant from an EBV sero-positive donor. Tonsillar biopsy at 9 months post-transplant showed post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) caused by EBV. Following reduction of immunosuppressive treatment, he developed further signs and symptoms, and serological evidence of infectious mononucleosis followed by resolution of lymphadenopathy. This case emphasizes the difficulty in interpreting EBV serology in immunosuppressed patients and the importance of pre-transplant EBV serology. [source] Coupled-perturbed Hartree,Fock theory for quasi,one-dimensional periodic systems: Calculation of static and dynamic nonlinear optical properties of model systemsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY, Issue 5 2003A. Martinez Abstract An alternative method to solve the coupled-perturbed Hartree,Fock (CPHF) equations for infinite quasi,one-dimensional systems is presented. The new procedure follows a proposal made by Langhoff, Epstein, and Karplus to obtain perturbed wavefunctions free from arbitrary phase factors in each order of perturbation. It is based on the intermediate orthonormalization of the perturbed wavefunctions (which is different from the usual one) and a corresponding selection of the Lagrangian multipliers. In this way it is possible to incorporate the orthonormalization conditions into the set of CPHF equations. Moreover, a new, advantageous procedure to determine the derivatives of the wavefunction with respect to the quasimomentum k is presented. We report calculations of the dipole moment, the polarizability ,, and the first hyperpolarizability , for different polymers (poly-HF, poly-H2O, trans-polyacetylene, polyyne, and polycarbonitrile) for different frequencies. These results are extensively compared with oligomer calculations. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 94: 251,268, 2003 [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||