Epidemiological Features (epidemiological + feature)

Distribution by Scientific Domains


Selected Abstracts


Original Article: Epidemiological features and association with crib-biting in horses with neurological disease associated with temporohyoid osteoarthropathy (1991,2008)

EQUINE VETERINARY EDUCATION, Issue 9 2010
N. S. Grenager
Summary A retrospective study of 43 cases of temporohyoid osteoarthropathy was performed to evaluate the epidemiological features and a possible association with crib-biting. Data collected from records included case details, what diagnostics were utilised, whether medical or surgical treatment was administered, and outcome. Owners were contacted via telephone and asked whether the horse had displayed crib-biting behaviour. Forty-three horses were diagnosed with neurological disease associated with temporohyoid osteoarthropathy, 62.8% of which were Quarter Horse-types. Median age at presentation was 10 years and median duration of neurological signs prior to presentation was 3 days. Skull radiographs and guttural pouch endoscopy were used to definitively diagnose temporohyoid osteoarthropathy in 72% of the cases. Of 43 horses, 21 received medical treatment and 15 surgical treatment, with an overall survival rate of 55.8%. Crib-biting was observed in 31.3% of cases and there was a significant association between being afflicted with THO and likelihood of possessing the behaviour. Horses with neurological disease associated with THO were 8 times more likely to be crib-biters compared to the general population. [source]


Epidemiological features of Wegener's granulomatosis and microscopic polyangiitis: two diseases or one ,anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies-associated vasculitis' entity?

APMIS, Issue 2009
ALFRED D. MAHR
Because of their multiple overlapping clinical characteristics, Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) have increasingly been conceptualized as different expressions of a unique anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) disease spectrum. However, this continuum theory remains hindered by uncertainty surrounding a potentially common etiology. This review sheds light on our current understanding of the epidemiology of WG and MPA with the aim of weighing the evidence supporting whether or not these two vasculitis forms are distinct diseases. At present, some epidemiological evidence exists that WG and MPA might correspond to mere variants of a single AAV entity. [source]


Original Article: Epidemiological features and association with crib-biting in horses with neurological disease associated with temporohyoid osteoarthropathy (1991,2008)

EQUINE VETERINARY EDUCATION, Issue 9 2010
N. S. Grenager
Summary A retrospective study of 43 cases of temporohyoid osteoarthropathy was performed to evaluate the epidemiological features and a possible association with crib-biting. Data collected from records included case details, what diagnostics were utilised, whether medical or surgical treatment was administered, and outcome. Owners were contacted via telephone and asked whether the horse had displayed crib-biting behaviour. Forty-three horses were diagnosed with neurological disease associated with temporohyoid osteoarthropathy, 62.8% of which were Quarter Horse-types. Median age at presentation was 10 years and median duration of neurological signs prior to presentation was 3 days. Skull radiographs and guttural pouch endoscopy were used to definitively diagnose temporohyoid osteoarthropathy in 72% of the cases. Of 43 horses, 21 received medical treatment and 15 surgical treatment, with an overall survival rate of 55.8%. Crib-biting was observed in 31.3% of cases and there was a significant association between being afflicted with THO and likelihood of possessing the behaviour. Horses with neurological disease associated with THO were 8 times more likely to be crib-biters compared to the general population. [source]


Adverse effects of conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the upper gastrointestinal tract

FUNDAMENTAL & CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Issue 4 2003
Michael J. S. Langman
Abstract This article reviews the clinical and epidemiological features of conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) related peptic ulcer complications, and the associated risk factors. The degree of gastrointestinal toxicity varies widely between the available drugs and with dose of each. The risk of ulcer complications can however be reduced, and perhaps completely removed, by using the lowest dose of the least toxic member of the class. Enteric coating and other delayed release formulations have not been shown to reduce risk. Estimates of the imposed disease burden have varied widely, in part through assuming that risks in selected patient groups will necessarily translate to the general population. Nevertheless, the imposed disease burden is one of the largest associated with current drug treatment. Associated risk factors such as prior ulcer, corticosteroid use and concurrent aspirin as well as general cardiovascular disease will raise the likelihood of an ulcer complication in NSAID takers and non-takers. Therefore, strategies dependent on substituting COX-selective drugs will then be only partially successful. [source]


Epidemiological characteristics and response to peginterferon plus ribavirin treatment of hepatitis C virus genotype 4 infection

JOURNAL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS, Issue 7 2007
D. Roulot
Summary., Hepatitis C virus genotype 4 (HCV-4) infection is progressing in Europe, where epidemiology and sustained virological response (SVR) seem to be different than in the Middle East. We analysed epidemiological features and SVR rates in a retrospective study of 1532 HCV-4-infected patients, including 1056 patients infected in France, 227 immigrants infected in Egypt and 249 in sub-Saharan Africa. SVR rates were assessed in 242 naive patients of the 1532, who received peginterferon plus ribavirin for 48 weeks. HCV subtype 4a or 4d was the most common among patients infected in France, where the predominant route of transmission was intravenous drug abuse. The 4a subtype was largely predominant (93%) among patients infected in Egypt, where transmission was mostly because of parenteral treatment for schistosomiasis. More than seven different subtypes and no predominant route of infection were found in patients infected in sub-Saharan Africa. Liver fibrosis was significantly less severe in patients infected in France and Africa than in patients infected in Egypt. SVR rates were higher in patients infected in Egypt, compared with those infected in France or Africa (54.9%, 40.3% and 32.4%, respectively, P < 0.05). An overall better response was observed in patients infected with the 4a subtype. In multivariate analysis, two factors were associated independently with SVR: the Egyptian origin of transmission and the absence of severe fibrosis. In conclusion, the distribution of HCV-4 subtypes varies with the geographical origin of transmission and affects the SVR following antiviral treatment. [source]


Neck Nerve Trunks Schwannomas: Clinical Features and Postoperative Neurologic Outcome,

THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 9 2008
Carlos Eugenio Nabuco de Araujo MD
Abstract Objectives/Hypothesis: To analyze clinical and epidemiological features of neck nerve schwannomas, with emphasis on the neurologic outcome after surgical excision sparing as much of nerve fibers as possible with enucleation technique. Study Design: Retrospective study. Methods: Review of medical records from 1987 to 2006 of patients with neck nerve schwannomas, treated in a single institution. Results: Twenty-two patients were identified. Gender distribution was equal and age ranged from 15 to 61 years (mean: 38.6 years). Seven vagal, four brachial plexus, four sympathetic trunk, three cervical plexus, and two lesions on other sites could be identified. Most common symptom was neck mass. Local or irradiated pain also occurred in five cases. Median growing rate of tumors was 3 mm per year. Nerve paralysis was noted twice (a vagal schwannoma and a hypoglossal paralysis compressed by a vagal schwannoma). Different techniques were employed, and seven out of nine patients kept their nerve function (78%) after enucleation. No recurrence was observed in follow-up. Conclusions: Schwannomas should be treated surgically because of its growing potential, leading to local and neural compression symptoms. When possible, enucleation, which was employed in 10 patients of this series, is the recommended surgical option, allowing neural function preservation or restoration in most instances. This is especially important in the head and neck, where denervation may have a significant impact on the quality of life. [source]


Dermacentor -borne necrosis erythema and lymphadenopathy: clinical and epidemiological features of a new tick-borne disease

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION, Issue 4 2004
J. A. Oteo
Abstract This paper describes the epidemiological and clinical features of a tick-borne disease differing somewhat from other tick-borne diseases found previously in Spain. All patients were bitten by Dermacentor marginatus or a large tick. The clinical features include a crustaceous or necrotic lesion at the site of the tick's attachment, surrounded by an erythema (erythema migrans-like) and painful regional lymphadenopathies. The probable aetiological agent is Rickettsia slovaca. Similar cases have been reported in other European countries. [source]