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Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences57%
Chemistry9%
Humanities and Social Sciences8%
Life Sciences8%
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting5%
Psychology2%
Information Science and Computing2%
Engineering2%
6 Other Domains7%
Distribution within Medical Sciences
Dermatology19%
Pathology10%
Neurology7%
Cardiovascular Disease3%
61 Other Subdomains55%

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    		•
  • new chemical entity
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    • Selected Abstracts

    Entities and frequency of neonatal diabetes: data from the diabetes documentation and quality management system (DPV)

    DIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 6 2010
    J. Grulich-Henn
    Diabet. Med. 27, 709,712 (2010) Abstract Aims, The aim of this study was to elucidate the entities and the frequency of neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) in a large representative database for paediatric diabetes patients in Germany and Austria. Methods, Based on the continuous diabetes data acquisition system for prospective surveillance (DPV), which includes 51 587 patients with onset of diabetes before the age of 18 years from 299 centres in Germany and Austria, we searched for patients with onset of diabetes mellitus in the first 6 months of life. Results, Ninety patients were identified, comprising 0.17% of all paediatric cases in the DPV registry. This represented an incidence of approximately one case in 89 000 live births in Germany. A monogenic basis for NDM was established in 30 subjects (seven UPD6, 10 KCNJ11, seven ABCC8, two FOXP3, two PDX1, one INS, one EIF2AK3). Pancreatic hypoplasia or agenesis was reported in 10 patients and seven subjects were classified as having Type 1 diabetes by their centres. Transient neonatal diabetes (TNDM) accounted for approximately 10% of all cases with NDM. No aetiology was defined in 41 subjects, which may reflect incomplete genetic testing or novel genetic aetiologies. Conclusion, Based on a large database, we identified a higher rate of NDM in Germany than has been reported previously. Full molecular genetic testing should be performed in all patients diagnosed before 6 months of age. [source]

    Data Governance and Stewardship: Designing Data Stewardship Entities and Advancing Data Access

    HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH, Issue 5p2 2010
    Sara Rosenbaum
    U.S. health policy is engaged in a struggle over access to health information, in particular, the conditions under which information should be accessible for research when appropriate privacy protections and security safeguards are in place. The expanded use of health information,an inevitable step in an information age,is widely considered be essential to health system reform. Models exist for the creation of data-sharing arrangements that promote proper use of information in a safe and secure environment and with attention to ethical standards. Data stewardship is a concept with deep roots in the science and practice of data collection, sharing, and analysis. Reflecting the values of fair information practice, data stewardship denotes an approach to the management of data, particularly data that can identify individuals. The concept of a data steward is intended to convey a fiduciary (or trust) level of responsibility toward the data. Data governance is the process by which responsibilities of stewardship are conceptualized and carried out. As the concept of health information data stewardship advances in a technology-enabled environment, the question is whether legal barriers to data access and use will begin to give way. One possible answer may lie in defining the public interest in certain data uses, tying provider participation in federal health programs to the release of all-payer data to recognized data stewardship entities for aggregation and management, and enabling such entities to foster and enable the creation of knowledge through research. [source]

    Tris(perfluoroalkyl)silyl Entities as Unexpectedly Potent Tags for the Noncovalent Immobilization of Catalysts by Fluorous,Fluorous Interactions: Application to the Synthesis of Several Perfluoro-Tagged Ligands

    HELVETICA CHIMICA ACTA, Issue 5 2005
    Vasyl Andrushko
    Unexpectedly high retention times were obtained in HPLC investigations for compounds equipped with (C8F17CH2CH2)3Si tags on C8F17 -modified silica gel (Fig.,4). Hence, these tags have a high potential for the noncovalent immobilization of catalysts to be applied in organic solvents, allowing for an easy separation and re-use of the catalyst by filtration and reapplication. The tris(perfluoroalkyl)silyl tag could be incorporated in a straightforward manner into ligands as demonstrated by the synthesis of several prominent classes of ligands (Schemes,4,6). [source]

    Altering Investment Decisions to Manage Financial Reporting Outcomes: Asset-Backed Commercial Paper Conduits and FIN 46

    JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTING RESEARCH, Issue 5 2008
    DANIEL A. BENS
    ABSTRACT We evaluate the manner in which sponsors of highly leveraged asset-backed commercial paper (ABCP) conduits responded to Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 46 (FIN 46), Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities an Interpretation of ARB No. 51, and its Canadian counterpart Accounting Standards Board of Accounting Guideline 15 (AcG-15), Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities. By matching commercial paper investors with corporations seeking liquidity, ABCP sponsors facilitate a significant amount of short-term, securitized financing in the United States. FIN 46 and AcG-15 require sponsors to consolidate their ABCP conduits with their financial statements. We demonstrate that the volume of ABCP began to decline when FIN 46 was first proposed, and that this decline is primarily attributable to a reduction in North American banks' sponsorship of ABCP. We also demonstrate that North American banks entered into costly restructuring arrangements to avoid having to consolidate their conduits per the new accounting standards. Our results suggest that, in certain settings, accounting standards appear to have real effects on investment activity and product-market competition. [source]

    SYSTEMATICS OF GRACILARIOPSIS (GRACILARIALES, RHODOPHYTA) BASED ON rbcL SEQUENCE ANALYSES AND MORPHOLOGICAL EVIDENCE,

    JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY, Issue 1 2003
    Carlos Frederico D. Gurgel
    A phylogeny has been inferred from parsimony and likelihood analyses of plastid rbcL DNA sequences for seven recognized and six undescribed species of Gracilariopsis (Gp.) (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta). New descriptions and illustrations of cystocarp morphology are provided for four Gracilariopsis species from North and South America. The generitype, Gp. sjoestedtii (Kylin) Dawson, is reinstated to include plants distributed from British Columbia to Pacific Baja California, and the name is corrected to Gp. andersonii (Grunow) Dawson. Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Bory) Dawson, Acleto et Foldvik is shown not to have a worldwide distribution but to be restricted to the vicinity of Peru. Gracilariopsis costaricensis is recognized with the provision that it may prove to be conspecific with Gp. lemaneiformis. Gracilariopsis "lemaneiformis" from North and South Carolina is described as a new species, Gp. carolinensis Liao et Hommersand sp. nov. Gracilariopsis longissima (Gmelin) Steentoft, Irvine et Farnham from Western Europe and the Mediterranean Sea and Gp. tenuifrons (Bird et Oliveira) Fredericq et Hommersand from the Ca-ribbean Sea and Brazil are recognized. Entities that have been referred to Gp. "lemaneiformis" from China and Japan constitute an undescribed species that is related to Gp. heteroclada Zhang et Xia. An invasive species from the Gulf of California, Mexico, and South Australia that has been assigned to Gp. "lemaneiformis" is resolved in a clade that includes Gp. longissima. Four undescribed species are included in the molecular analyses. The systematics of Gracilariopsis is discussed in the light of the morphological and molecular evidence. [source]

    Financial Reporting of Small Business Entities in Canada,

    JOURNAL OF SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT, Issue 4 2006
    Michael Maingot
    Financial reporting for small business entities (SBEs) has been the subject of much debate and concern by the accounting bodies (institutes) in Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, and other countries. The main issue for the standard setters is whether they should have one set of standards for all companies or two sets of standards (one for big companies and one for SBEs). The main objective of our study is to examine whether SBEs in Canada should have their own new set of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) or should they continue to use big GAAP used by public companies. To address this issue in the Canadian environment, we sent out a questionnaire to a sample of managers and owners of small businesses, preparers, auditors, and users of small business accounts. These stakeholders were asked to identify the purposes of SBE financial statements, their levels of satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the present accounting standards for SBEs, the burdens imposed on the preparers of the financial statements, and the weaknesses of the present standards. Furthermore, they were asked to give the expected advantages of adopting new standards, after having ranked four models of financial reporting of SBEs. The results are quite interesting. Stakeholders indicated that financial statements of SBEs are prepared mainly for taxation purposes and borrowing. They are not satisfied with the present standards because they are costly to comply with and very complex. The burden of producing SBE financial statements can be reduced by simplifying the present standards. The new standards would mean a shorter and simpler form of financial statements. It is hoped that the results of this study will provide the standard setters in Canada and other countries with an indication of the future direction for SBE reporting and accounting. [source]

    Editor's Corner: Improving Internal Governance in Unincorporated Business Entities

    AMERICAN BUSINESS LAW JOURNAL, Issue 2 2009
    Stephanie M. Greene Editor-in-Chief
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    The Tyranny of Diagnosis: Specific Entities and Individual Experience

    THE MILBANK QUARTERLY, Issue 2 2002
    Charles E. Rosenberg
    Diagnosis has always played a pivotal role in medical practice, but in the past two centuries, that role has been reconfigured and has become more central as medicine,like Western society in general,has become increasingly technical, specialized, and bureaucratized. Disease explanations and clinical practices have incorporated, paralleled, and, in some measure, constituted these larger structural changes. This modern history of diagnosis is inextricably related to disease specificity, to the notion that diseases can and should be thought of as entities existing outside the unique manifestations of illness in particular men and women. During the past century especially, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment have been linked ever more tightly to specific, agreed-upon disease categories, in both concept and everyday practice. In fact, this essay might have been entitled "Diagnosis Mediates an Invisible Revolution: The Social and Intellectual Significance of Specific Disease Concepts." It would have been even more precise, if rather less arresting. The articulation and acceptance of specific disease entities constitute one of the most important intellectual and cultural events of the past two centuries. This notion is central to how we organize health care delivery, think about ourselves, debate and formulate social policy, and define and manage deviance. Diagnosis is indispensable to linking specific disease concepts with doctor and patient and the social and economic institutions shaping such clinical interactions. Disease is a social entity, not an array of ideal types. The history of medicine is partly the story of how disease entities have become social entities, accumulating the flesh of diagnostic and therapeutic practice, social expectation, and bureaucratic reification. Despite criticism of reductionist medicine in the West and less focus on disease entities and mechanisms, our social response still depends on this concept of sickness. But this concept can no longer remain invisible if we are to understand contemporary medicine as both a social and a technological system. The articulation and acceptance of specific disease entities constitute one of the most important intellectual and cultural events of the past two centuries. This notion is central to how we organize health care delivery, think about ourselves, debate and formulate social policy, and define and manage deviance. Diagnosis is indispensable to linking specific disease concepts with doctor and patient and the social and economic institutions shaping such clinical interactions. Disease is a social entity, not an array of ideal types. The history of medicine is partly the story of how disease entities have become social entities, accumulating the flesh of diagnostic and therapeutic practice, social expectation, and bureaucratic reification. Despite criticism of reductionist medicine in the West and less focus on disease entities and mechanisms, our social response still depends on this concept of sickness. But this concept can no longer remain invisible if we are to understand contemporary medicine as both a social and a technological system. The articulation and acceptance of specific disease entities constitute one of the most important intellectual and cultural events of the past two centuries. This notion is central to how we organize health care delivery, think about ourselves, debate and formulate social policy, and define and manage deviance. Diagnosis is indispensable to linking specific disease concepts with doctor and patient and the social and economic institutions shaping such clinical interactions. Disease is a social entity, not an array of ideal types. The history of medicine is partly the story of how disease entities have become social entities, accumulating the flesh of diagnostic and therapeutic practice, social expectation, and bureaucratic reification. Despite criticism of reductionist medicine in the West and less focus on disease entities and mechanisms, our social response still depends on this concept of sickness. But this concept can no longer remain invisible if we are to understand contemporary medicine as both a social and a technological system. The articulation and acceptance of specific disease entities constitute one of the most important intellectual and cultural events of the past two centuries. This notion is central to how we organize health care delivery, think about ourselves, debate and formulate social policy, and define and manage deviance. Diagnosis is indispensable to linking specific disease concepts with doctor and patient and the social and economic institutions shaping such clinical interactions. Disease is a social entity, not an array of ideal types. The history of medicine is partly the story of how disease entities have become social entities, accumulating the flesh of diagnostic and therapeutic practice, social expectation, and bureaucratic reification. Despite criticism of reductionist medicine in the West and less focus on disease entities and mechanisms, our social response still depends on this concept of sickness. But this concept can no longer remain invisible if we are to understand contemporary medicine as both a social and a technological system. [source]

    Implications of Applying a Private Sector Based Reporting Model to Not-for-Profit Entities: The Treatment of Charitable Distributions by Charities in New Zealand

    AUSTRALIAN ACCOUNTING REVIEW, Issue 1 2009
    Chris Van Staden
    In this paper, we investigate the practical and conceptual difficulties caused by applying a private sector based reporting model to the not-for-profit sector. We deal specifically with reporting on charitable distributions by charities in New Zealand. We find a majority of the entities report charitable distributions in the Statement of Financial Performance (as expenses). This approach is conceptually justifiable, complies with international best practice, and is in line with the accountability argument made in this paper. While the number reduced between 2003 and 2007, a significant minority of the entities report charitable distributions in the Statement of Movements in Equity (and therefore report higher surpluses). These two approaches lead to very different results, yet both are apparently seen as acceptable by the entities and their auditors. While this raises questions as to the understandability and comparability of the financial reporting by these entities, it also raises questions about the suitability of the for-profit sector reporting requirements for the not-for-profit sector. [source]

    Synthesis of Heterocyclic and Non-Heterocyclic Entities as Antibacterial and anti-HIV Agents.

    CHEMINFORM, Issue 50 2006
    R. B. Patel
    Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF. [source]

    The Stability and Eventual Lone Pair Distortion of the Hexahalide Complexes and Molecules of the Fifth to Eighth Main-Group Elements with One Lone Pair, as Isolated Entities or in Oligomeric Clusters: A Vibronic Coupling and DFT Study.

    CHEMINFORM, Issue 40 2005
    Mihail Atanasov
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    Investigation of Guanosine-Quartet Assemblies by Vibrational and Electronic Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy, a Novel Approach for Studying Supramolecular Entities

    CHEMISTRY - A EUROPEAN JOURNAL, Issue 34 2006
    Vladimír Setni, ka Dr.
    Abstract The self-assembly of guanosine-5,-hydrazide G-1 in D2O, in the presence and absence of sodium cations, has been investigated by chiroptical techniques: electronic (ECD) and the newly introduced vibrational (VCD) circular dichroism spectroscopy. Using a combination of ECD and VCD with other methods such as IR, electron microscopy, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) it was found that G-1 produces long-range chiral aggregates consisting of G-quartets, (G-1)4, subsequently stacked into columns, [(G-1)4]n, induced by binding of metal cations between the (G-1)4 species. This process, accompanied by gelation of the sample, is highly efficient in the presence of an excess of sodium cations, leading to aggregates with strong quartet,quartet interaction. Thermally induced conformational changes and conformational stability of guanosine-5,-hydrazide assemblies were studied by chiroptical techniques and the melting temperature of the hydrogels formed was obtained. The temperature-dependent experiments indicate that the long-range supramolecular aggregates are dissociated by increasing temperature into less ordered species, monomers, or other intermediates in equilibrium, as indicated by MS experiments. Proces samoskladby guanosin-5,-hydrazidu G-1 v D2O roztocích, bez a za p,ítomnosti sodných iont,, byl studován chiroptickými metodami: spektroskopií elektronového (ECD) a nov, také vibra,ního (VCD) cirkulárního dichroismu. Kombinací spektroskopie ECD a VCD s jinými metodami jako I, spektroskopií, elektronovou mikroskopií a hmotnostní spektrometrií s ionizací elektrosprejem (ESI-MS) bylo zji,t,no, ,e molekula G-1 vytvá,í rozsáhlé chirální útvary slo,ené z G-kvartet,, (G-1)4, které mohou být následn, za p,ítomnosti kationt, spojeny patrovými interakcemi za vzniku uspo,ádaných vláken, [(G-1)4]n. Tento proces spojený s gelovat,ním vzorku je vysoce ú,inný v p,ítomnosti sodných kationt,, které vedou ke vzniku agregát, fixovaných silnými interakcemi mezi jednotlivými kvartety. Teplotn, indukované konforma,ní zm,ny a konforma,ní stabilita samoskladných útvar, tvo,ených guanosin-5,-hydrazidem byly studovány chiroptickými metodami a byly získány teploty tání p,ipravených hydrogel,. Teplotn, závislé experimenty ukázaly, ,e rozsáhlé supramolekulární útvary jsou se vzr,stající teplotou rozru,ovány za vzniku útvar, mén, usp,ádaných, monomer, nebo n,kterých intermediát,, které jsou ve vzájemné rovnováze, jak bylo indikováno MS experimenty. [source]

    Economic evaluation of demand-side energy storage systems by using a multi-agent-based electricity market

    ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING IN JAPAN, Issue 3 2009
    Ken Furusawa
    Abstract With the wholesale electric power market opened in April 2005, deregulation of the electric power industry in Japan has faced a new competitive environment. In the new environment, Independent Power Producer (IPP), Power Producer and Supplier (PPS), Load Service Entity (LSE), and electric utility can trade electric energy through both bilateral contracts and single-price auction at the electricity market. In general, the market clearing price (MCP) is largely changed by the amount of total load demand in the market. The influence may cause a price spike, and consequently the volatility of MCP will make LSEs and their customers face a risk of higher revenue and cost. DSM is attractive as a means of load leveling, and has an effect on decreasing MCP at peak load period. Introducing Energy Storage systems (ES) is one DSM in order to change demand profile at the customer side. In the case that customers decrease their own demand due to increased MCP, a bidding strategy of generating companies may be changed. As a result, MCP is changed through such complex mechanism. In this paper the authors evaluate MCP by multi-agent. It is considered that customer-side ES has an effect on MCP fluctuation. Through numerical examples, this paper evaluates the influence on MCP by controlling customer-side ES corresponding to variation of MCP. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 167(3): 36,45, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20658 [source]

    A study of economic evaluation of demand-side energy storage system in consideration of market clearing price

    ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING IN JAPAN, Issue 1 2007
    Ken Furusawa
    Abstract In Japan the electricity market will open on April 1, 2004. Electric utility, Power Producer and Supplier (PPS), and Load Service Entity (LSE) will join the electricity market. LSEs purchase electricity based on the Market Clearing Price (:MCP) from the electricity market. LSEs supply electricity to the customers that contracted with the LSEs on a certain electricity price, and one to the customers that introduced Energy Storage System (:ES) on a time-of-use pricing. It is difficult for LSEs to estimate whether they have any incentive to promote customers to introduce ES or not. This paper evaluates the reduction of LSEs' purchasing cost from the electricity market and other LSEs' purchasing cost by introducing ES to customers. It is clarified which kind of customers has the effect of decreasing LSEs' purchasing cost and how much MCP of the whole power system the demand-side energy storage systems change. Through numerical examples, this paper evaluates the possibility of giving the cost merit to both customers with energy storage systems and LSE by using real data for a year's worth of MCP. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 158(1): 22,35, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20447 [source]

    Aseptic abscesses: Entity already described in Crohn's disease: Comment on the case report by Holstein et al.

    JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 5 2007
    Marc F J André
    [source]

    Stiff Limb Syndrome: End of Spectrum or A Separate Entity?

    PAIN MEDICINE, Issue 3 2009
    Usha K. Misra DM
    ABSTRACT Background., Stiff-person syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by rigidity of axial or limb muscles with episodes of co-contraction of agonist and antagonist muscles during the spasms. In some patients axial or limb involvement may predominate and may have unusual manifestations. Design., Case report. Setting., Tertiary care teaching hospital. Patient., A 42-year-old farmer presented with seasonal occurrence of hiccup and vomiting during summer months for the last 3 years. He had painful lower limb spasms lasting for 2,3 minutes every 10,15 minutes for the past 20 days. His neurological examination was normal, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was 50 mm at 1st hour, and cerebrospinal fluid protein 78 mg/dL without pleocytosis. Radiograph of chest, abdominal ultrasound, and craniospinal magnetic resonance imaging were normal. The patient improved on diazepam. Conclusion., Our patient is a forme fruste of stiff person syndrome with hiccups and vomiting due to diaphragmatic spasm. [source]

    Pseudoacne of the Nasal Crease: A New Entity?

    PEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2004
    Kimberly A. Risma M.D., Ph.D.
    Milia were also noted in the nasal crease, but there was no evidence of acne vulgaris. The duration of symptoms was 4 months to 2 years, and lesions ranged from inflamed red papules, which were treated with topical antiinflammatory medications, to scarred white papules requiring excision. Histologic evaluation of two lesions revealed keratin granulomas that were likely derived from ruptured, inflamed milia. Due to its similarity in appearance to acne vulgaris, but different pathogenesis and clinical course, we suggest naming this newly described entity "pseudoacne of the nasal crease." [source]

    Palmar-Plantar Keratoderma of Unna Thost Associated with Atopic Dermatitis: An Underrecognized Entity?

    PEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2003
    Teck-Hiong Loh
    All had typical features of PPKUT with diffuse, yellowish thickening on the palms and soles with a well-defined erythematous rim of demarcation on the sides associated with palmar-plantar hyperhidrosis. The changes were obvious since birth or arose during early life, and were persistent. We believe that the association between the two disorders is not coincidental but an underrecognized entity that may shed light on the underlying pathogenesis of these two conditions. [source]

    Persistent tachypnea of infancy (PTI)-A New Entity

    PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY, Issue S23 2001
    Dr. Robin R. Deterding
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    Persistent tachypnea of infancy (PTI)-A New Entity

    PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY, Issue S23 2001
    Dr. Robin R. Deterding
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    Brachiola algerae Spore Membrane Systems, their Activity During Extrusion, and a New Structural Entity, the Multilayered Interlaced Network, Associated with the Polar Tube and the Sporoplasm

    THE JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 2 2002
    ANN CALI
    ABSTRACT. The microsporidial genus, Brachiola, contains three species: the type species Brachiola vesicularum (identified from an AIDS patient) and two species transferred from the genus Nosema, becoming Brachiola connori and Brachiola algerae. A developmental feature of the genus Brachiola is the "thickened" plasmalemma from sporoplasm through sporoblast stage. The sporoplasm has been reported to have a thick plasmalemma at 1-h postextrusion. The purpose of this investigation was to observe B. algerae spores before, during and after germination to determine if the plasmalemma is thick at the point of extrusion and if not, when and how it forms. New understandings regarding the polar filament position inside the spore, places it outside the sporoplasm proper with the sporoplasm limiting membrane imaginations surrounding it. These invaginations, present a possible location for aquaporins. The multilayered interlaced network (MIN), a new organelle (possibly of Golgi origin from the sporoblast), was observed inside the spore and sporoplasm; it formed an attachment to the end of the extruded polar tube and contributed to the thickening of the sporoplasm plasmalemma. A thin "unit limiting membrane", present on the sporoplasm at the time of extrusion, is connected to the MIN by many cross-connections forming the "thick blistered" surface by 30 min-postextrusion. [source]

    Angiocentric Neuroepithelial Tumor (ANET): A New Epilepsy-Related Clinicopathological Entity with Distinctive MRI

    BRAIN PATHOLOGY, Issue 4 2005
    Arielle Lellouch-Tubiana MD
    Several types of glioneuronal tumors are known to induce intractable partial seizures in children and adults. The most frequent are dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNETs) and gangliogliomas. We report here a new clinicopathological entity within the spectrum of glioneuronal tumors observed in 10 children who underwent surgery for refractory epilepsy. These tumors demonstrate a unique, pathognomonic histological pattern and a specific appearance at magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The most striking neuropathological feature is an angiocentric polarity of the tumor with gliofibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive fusiform and bipolar astrocytic cells arranged around blood vessels (perivascular cuffing with tumoral astrocytes). Characteristic MRI findings include involvement of cortical gray and white matter, intrinsically high signal on T1-weighted images, as well as a stalk like extension to the ventricle. Immunohistochemical neuronal markers (neurofilament protein, synaptophysin and chromogranin) confirm the presence of a neuronal cell component. Therefore, the term angiocentric neuroepithelial tumor (ANET) is proposed. [source]

    Learning-based 3D face detection using geometric context

    COMPUTER ANIMATION AND VIRTUAL WORLDS (PREV: JNL OF VISUALISATION & COMPUTER ANIMATION), Issue 4-5 2007
    Yanwen Guo
    Abstract In computer graphics community, face model is one of the most useful entities. The automatic detection of 3D face model has special significance to computer graphics, vision, and human-computer interaction. However, few methods have been dedicated to this task. This paper proposes a machine learning approach for fully automatic 3D face detection. To exploit the facial features, we introduce geometric context, a novel shape descriptor which can compactly encode the distribution of local geometry and can be evaluated efficiently by using a new volume encoding form, named integral volume. Geometric contexts over 3D face offer the rich and discriminative representation of facial shapes and hence are quite suitable to classification. We adopt an AdaBoost learning algorithm to select the most effective geometric context-based classifiers and to combine them into a strong classifier. Given an arbitrary 3D model, our method first identifies the symmetric parts as candidates with a new reflective symmetry detection algorithm. Then uses the learned classifier to judge whether the face part exists. Experiments are performed on a large set of 3D face and non-face models and the results demonstrate high performance of our method. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

    Behaviour-based multiplayer collaborative interaction management

    COMPUTER ANIMATION AND VIRTUAL WORLDS (PREV: JNL OF VISUALISATION & COMPUTER ANIMATION), Issue 1 2006
    Qingping Lin
    Abstract A collaborative virtual environment (CVE) allows geographically dispersed users to interact with each other and objects in a common virtual environment via network connections. One of the successful applications of CVE is multiplayer on-line role-playing game. To support massive interactions among virtual entities in a large-scale CVE and maintain consistent status of the interaction among users with the constraint of limited network bandwidth, an efficient collaborative interaction management method is required. In this paper, we propose a behaviour-based interaction management framework for supporting multiplayer role-playing CVE applications. It incorporates a two-tiered architecture which includes high-level role behaviour-based interaction management and low-level message routing. In the high level, interaction management is achieved by enabling interactions based on collaborative behaviour definitions. In the low level, message routing controls interactions according to the run-time status of the interactive entities. Collaborative Behaviour Description Language is designed as a scripting interface for application developers to define collaborative behaviours of interactive entities and simulation logics/game rules in a CVE. We demonstrate and evaluate the performance of the proposed framework through a prototype system and simulations. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

    A language to model animation out of behaviour-embedded graphical components

    COMPUTER ANIMATION AND VIRTUAL WORLDS (PREV: JNL OF VISUALISATION & COMPUTER ANIMATION), Issue 3 2002
    Prabir K. Pal
    Abstract Almost all entities,animate or inanimate,that we see around us change with time. The changes are brought about by changes in the values of their attributes. By using a set of parameters to represent the variable attributes of an entity, and by suitably manipulating their values at run time, the behaviour of an entity can be broadly mimicked in animation. The majority of entities, however, are all too complex to animate directly. They are better described in terms of nested layers of smaller and simpler entities, which we call components. Each component is structurally and behaviourally complete and can be described independent of its application. In the present paper, we propose a scheme for 3D animation that broadly follows this line. The keystone of this scheme is a language, nicknamed ,V', which defines the structural and visual attributes of each component of the scene and associates a parameterized behaviour with it, if necessary, in the form of a program script. Thereafter, wherever such a component appears, it does so with a built-in behaviour, which can nevertheless be regulated by its higher-level component through its parameters. The advantage is that an entire animation can be modelled in a declarative fashion in terms of nested components with embedded behaviour. Besides, each component is easy to write, alter and reuse. The effort for development, debugging and maintenance of animation modelled in this way is much less as the concerns are almost always local. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

    Illustrative White Matter Fiber Bundles

    COMPUTER GRAPHICS FORUM, Issue 3 2010
    Ron Otten
    Abstract Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) has made feasible the visualization of the fibrous structure of the brain white matter. In the last decades, several fiber-tracking methods have been developed to reconstruct the fiber tracts from DTI data. Usually these fiber tracts are shown individually based on some selection criteria like region of interest. However, if the white matter as a whole is being visualized clutter is generated by directly rendering the individual fiber tracts. Often users are actually interested in fiber bundles, anatomically meaningful entities that abstract from the fibers they contain. Several clustering techniques have been developed that try to group the fiber tracts in fiber bundles. However, even if clustering succeeds, the complex nature of white matter still makes it difficult to investigate. In this paper, we propose the use of illustration techniques to ease the exploration of white matter clusters. We create a technique to visualize an individual cluster as a whole. The amount of fibers visualized for the cluster is reduced to just a few hint lines, and silhouette and contours are used to improve the definition of the cluster borders. Multiple clusters can be easily visualized by a combination of the single cluster visualizations. Focus+context concepts are used to extend the multiple-cluster renderings. Exploded views ease the exploration of the focus cluster while keeping the context clusters in an abstract form. Real-time results are achieved by the GPU implementation of the presented techniques. [source]

    Simulation of Accuracy Performance for Wireless Sensor-Based Construction Asset Tracking

    COMPUTER-AIDED CIVIL AND INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING, Issue 5 2009
    Miros, aw J. Skibniewski
    In particular, identifying the location of distributed mobile entities throughout wireless communications becomes the primary task to realize the remote tracking and monitoring of the construction assets. Even though several alternative solutions have been introduced by utilizing recent technologies, such as radio frequency identification (RFID) and the global positioning system (GPS), they could not provide a solid direction to accurate and scalable tracking frameworks in large-scale construction domains due to limited capability and inflexible networking architectures. This article introduces a new tracking architecture using wireless sensor modules and shows an accuracy performance using a numerical simulation approach based on the time-of-flight method. By combining radio frequency (RF) and ultrasound (US) signals, the simulation results showed an enhanced accuracy performance over the utilization of an RF signal only. The proposed approach can provide potential guidelines for further exploration of hardware/software design and for experimental analysis to implement the framework of tracking construction assets. [source]

    NMR and the uncertainty principle: How to and how not to interpret homogeneous line broadening and pulse nonselectivity.

    CONCEPTS IN MAGNETIC RESONANCE, Issue 5 2008
    IV. (Un?)certainty
    Abstract Following the treatments presented in Parts I, II, and III, I herein address the popular notion that the frequency of a monochromatic RF pulse as well as that of a monochromatic FID is "in effect" uncertain due to the (Heisenberg) Uncertainty Principle, which also manifests itself in the fact that the FT-spectrum of these temporal entities is spread over a nonzero frequency band. I will show that the frequency spread should not be interpreted as "in effect" meaning a range of physical driving RF fields in the former, and "spin frequencies" in the latter case. The fact that a shorter pulse or a more quickly decaying FID has a wider FT-spectrum is in fact solely due to the Fourier Uncertainty Principle, which is a less well known and easily misunderstood concept. A proper understanding of the Fourier Uncertainty Principle tells us that the FT-spectrum of a monochromatic pulse is not "broad" because of any "uncertainty" in the RF frequency, but because the spectrum profile carries all of the pulse's features (frequency, phase, amplitude, length, temporal location) coded into the complex amplitudes of the FT-spectrum's constituent eternal basis harmonic waves. A monochromatic RF pulse's capability to excite nonresonant magnetizations is in fact a purely classical off-resonance effect that has nothing to do with "uncertainty". Analogously, "Lorentzian lineshape" means exactly the same thing physically as "exponential decay," and all inferences as to the physical reasons for that decay must be based on independent assumptions or observations. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 32A: 373,404, 2008. [source]

    NMR and the uncertainty principle: How to and how not to interpret homogeneous line broadening and pulse nonselectivity.

    CONCEPTS IN MAGNETIC RESONANCE, Issue 4 2008

    Abstract Following the treatments presented in Parts I and II, I herein discuss in more detail the popular notion that the frequency of a monochromatic RF pulse as well as that of a monochromatic FID is "in effect" uncertain due to the (Heisenberg) Uncertainty Principle, which also manifests itself in the fact that the FT-spectrum of these temporal entities is spread over a nonzero frequency band. In Part III, I continue my preliminary review of some further fundamental concepts, such as the Heisenberg and Fourier Uncertainty Principles, that are needed to understand whether or not the NMR linewidth and the RF excitation bandwidth have anything to do with "uncertainty". The article then culminates in re-addressing our Two NMR Problems in a more conscientious frame of mind by using a more refined formalism. The correct interpretation of these problems will be discussed in Part IV. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 32A: 302,325, 2008. [source]

    Performance evaluation of an autonomic network-aware metascheduler for Grids

    CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION: PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE, Issue 13 2009
    A. Caminero
    Abstract Grid technologies have enabled the aggregation of geographically distributed resources in the context of a particular application. The network remains an important requirement for any Grid application, as entities involved in a Grid system (such as users, services, and data) need to communicate with each other over a network. The performance of the network must therefore be considered when carrying out tasks such as scheduling, migration or monitoring of jobs. Surprisingly, many existing quality of service efforts ignore the network and focus instead on processor workload and disk access time. Making use of the network in an efficient and fault-tolerant manner is challenging. In a previous contribution, we proposed an autonomic network-aware scheduling architecture that is capable of adapting its behavior to the current status of the environment. Now, we present a performance evaluation in which our proposal is compared with a conventional scheduling strategy. We present simulation results that show the benefits of our approach. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]