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African American Mothers (african + american_mother)
Selected AbstractsRelational Factors and Family Treatment Engagement among Low-Income, HIV-Positive African American MothersFAMILY PROCESS, Issue 1 2003Victoria B. Mitrani Ph.D. Clinically derived hypotheses regarding treatment engagement of families of low-income, HIV-positive, African American mothers are tested using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. Predictors are baseline family relational factors (family support, mother's desire for involvement with family, and family hassles) and mother's history of substance dependence. The study examines a subsample of 49 mothers enrolled in a clinical trial testing the efficacy of Structural Ecosystems Therapy (SET). SET is a family-based intervention intended to relieve and prevent psychosocial distress associated with HIV/AIDS. Participants in the subsample were randomly assigned to SET and attended at least two therapy sessions. Findings reveal that family relational factors predicted family treatment engagement (family support, p < 004; mother's desire for involvement with family, p < 008; family hassles, p < 027). Family support predicted family treatment engagement beyond the prediction provided by the other relational factors and the mother's own treatment engagement (p < 016). History of substance dependence was neither associated with family treatment engagement nor family support. Post hoc analyses revealed that family hassles (p < 003) and mother's desire for involvement with family (p < 018) were differentially related to family treatment engagement in low-versus high-support families. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed. [source] Effects of parental supportiveness on toddlers' emotion regulation over the first three years of life in a low-income African American sample,INFANT MENTAL HEALTH JOURNAL, Issue 5 2009Erika London Bocknek The purpose of this study was to examine how parental supportiveness and child gender are related to toddlers' emotion regulation over time among low-income African American mothers and their children (n = 803). Data for the current study were collected as part of the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project. Using latent growth curve modeling, results indicated that parental supportiveness predicted toddlers' emotion regulation skills, on average (intercepts), and rates of growth of parental supportiveness predicted the rates of growth in emotion regulation over time (slope), beyond the effects of initial parental risk status, child gender, Early Head Start treatment effects, and infant emotionality. However, parental supportiveness over time did not differentially predict toddler emotion regulation over time for boys as compared to girls. Results suggest that parental supportiveness may represent a subtle form of emotion socialization by providing a context in which toddlers may be better able to utilize their mothers as effective resources in managing emotions. Practitioners should emphasize with the parents the role of parent,child interactions as a context for development. The lack of gender differences suggests that differential parenting towards boys and girls, evident in research with older children, may not yet be present in toddlerhood. Recognizing similarities in parenting across racial groups early on as well as being sensitive to differences that may emerge later will position practitioners to provide support within a culturally sensitive framework. [source] Young African American mothers' changing perceptions of their infants during the transition to parenthood,INFANT MENTAL HEALTH JOURNAL, Issue 5 2009Cynthia O. Lashley Although theory and empirical research with middle-class, mostly White women have suggested that motherhood is an important developmental transition for women, rarely have investigations of adolescent motherhood systematically examined developmental change. This study examines one aspect of change during the transition to parenthood: the mother's emerging perception of her infant. During pregnancy and at 4 months' postpartum, 220 urban African American mothers between the ages of 13 and 21 years were asked to describe their infants. Content analysis of their responses and ratings of the affective tone of the responses suggest that there are changes from pregnancy to 4 months after the birth that parallel shifts noted in literature on women going through the transition to motherhood as adults. Between pregnancy and 4 months, there was a decreasing focus on infant health and physical appearance and an increasing focus on infant behavioral achievements and personality characteristics. Of particular importance to mothers was that their infants be "good" babies who were easy to care for and were easily accepted by the family. Mothers imagined physical similarities with their infants during pregnancy and describe aspects of their interaction and emotional bond with their infants at 4 months. Overall, mothers' descriptions of their babies were quite positive, increasingly positive over time, and offered little evidence that for these young African American women the transition to parenthood was problematic. [source] Linking Changes in Parenting to Parent,Child Relationship Quality and Youth Self-Control: The Strong African American Families ProgramJOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE, Issue 1 2005Gene H. Brody A randomized prevention trial was conducted contrasting families who took part in the Strong African American Families Program (SAAF), a preventive intervention for rural African American mothers and their 11-year-olds, with control families. SAAF is based on a conceptual model positing that changes in intervention-targeted parenting behaviors would enhance responsive-supportive parent,child relationships and youths' self-control, which protect rural African American youths from substance use and early sexual activity. Parenting variables included involvement-vigilance, racial socialization, communication about sex, and clear expectations for alcohol use. Structural equation modeling analyses indicated that intervention-induced changes in parenting were linked with changes in responsive,supportive parent,child relationships and youth self-control. [source] An Investigation of Racial Partiality in Child Welfare Assessments of AttachmentAMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY, Issue 1 2003Betty C. Surbeck PhD Results of this quantitative study of racial partiality in 249 child welfare assessments of attachment are unsettling because Caucasian caseworkers were found to give Caucasian mothers more positive assessments than African American mothers. It was heartening to find, though, that African American caseworkers' ratings of attachment were not significantly different for African American and Caucasian mothers. There were no differences in how Caucasian caseworkers assessed attachment for African American and Caucasian foster caregivers, and only I variable differed for how African American caseworkers assessed attachment for foster caregivers. Results indicate that the impact of race on assessments of attachment is complicated and may be influenced by communication gaps and negative racial stereotypes. [source] Association of Maternal Chronic Disease and Negative Birth Outcomes in a Non-Hispanic Black-White Mississippi Birth CohortPUBLIC HEALTH NURSING, Issue 4 2007Juanita Graham ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the impact of selected maternal chronic medical conditions, race, and age on preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW), and infant mortality among Mississippi mothers from 1999 to 2003. Design: A retrospective cohort analysis of linked birth and death certificates. Sample: The 1999,2003 Mississippi birth cohort comprising 202,931 singleton infants born to African American and White women. Measurements: The relationship between maternal chronic conditions and the dependent variables of PTB, LBW, and infant mortality were investigated using logistic regression analysis. Results: PTB, LBW, and infant mortality were more prevalent among African American women, very young women (,15 years), and women with certain chronic medical conditions. Among White mothers, maternal chronic hypertension was significantly associated with PTB and LBW, and maternal diabetes with PTB and infant mortality. Among African American mothers, maternal cardiac disease was significantly associated with PTB and LBW; maternal chronic hypertension was significantly associated with LBW and infant mortality; and maternal diabetes with PTB. Conclusions: Maternal chronic hypertension and diabetes were significantly associated with negative birth outcomes regardless of maternal race. Maternal cardiac disease was only significantly associated with PTB and LBW among African Americans. [source] Young African American mothers' changing perceptions of their infants during the transition to parenthood,INFANT MENTAL HEALTH JOURNAL, Issue 5 2009Cynthia O. Lashley Although theory and empirical research with middle-class, mostly White women have suggested that motherhood is an important developmental transition for women, rarely have investigations of adolescent motherhood systematically examined developmental change. This study examines one aspect of change during the transition to parenthood: the mother's emerging perception of her infant. During pregnancy and at 4 months' postpartum, 220 urban African American mothers between the ages of 13 and 21 years were asked to describe their infants. Content analysis of their responses and ratings of the affective tone of the responses suggest that there are changes from pregnancy to 4 months after the birth that parallel shifts noted in literature on women going through the transition to motherhood as adults. Between pregnancy and 4 months, there was a decreasing focus on infant health and physical appearance and an increasing focus on infant behavioral achievements and personality characteristics. Of particular importance to mothers was that their infants be "good" babies who were easy to care for and were easily accepted by the family. Mothers imagined physical similarities with their infants during pregnancy and describe aspects of their interaction and emotional bond with their infants at 4 months. Overall, mothers' descriptions of their babies were quite positive, increasingly positive over time, and offered little evidence that for these young African American women the transition to parenthood was problematic. [source] | |||||||||||||