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Enzymatic Extraction (enzymatic + extraction)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Chemistry	50%

Selected Abstracts

Effects of genotype, location and baking on the phenolic content and some antioxidant properties of cereal species

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Issue 1 2010
Valeria Menga
Summary In order to assess the effect of genotype, location and their interaction on total phenolic content (TPC) of chemical extracts, the whole grains of durum and soft wheat, oat, barley and triticale were evaluated. Data showed differences in phenolic content of chemical extracts among cereal species and the analysis of variance confirmed the key role of location. Besides TPC and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) values assessed by chemical extraction were compared with those obtained with an in vitro digestive enzymatic extraction. Differences were found between methanolic and enzymatic extracts, and data confirmed that enzymatic technique enhanced extraction of antioxidants but pointed out lesser differences among cereal types. The breads obtained by flours enriched with different levels of bran were also evaluated. Chemical extracts highlighted the increasing levels of antioxidants according to bran enrichments, without pointing out changes caused by baking. The enzymatic extraction instead did not show differences regarding to bran enrichments, but documented a loss in antioxidant properties of breads in respect to corresponding flours. On the other hand the scarce differences between flours and corresponding breads did not allow asserting that baking modified the TPC and TEAC, independently of the extraction methods used. Indeed, during baking process, also the observed phenolic acids profile variations did not vary the antioxidant properties of breads. [source]

Optimization of enzymatic extraction of ferulic acid from wheat bran, using response surface methodology, and characterization of the resulting fractions

JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 10 2009
Hélène Barberousse
Abstract BACKGROUND: The agro-industries generate thousands of tons of by-products, such as bran or pulps, each year. They are, at best, used for cattle feeding. Through biocracking, this biomass may constitute a renewable source for various molecules of interest for the industry. For instance, ferulic acid, a compound showing antioxidant ability, is found in abundance in cereal bran. Its release depends mainly on the breaking of its ester linkage to other constitutive elements of the cell wall, such as arabinoxylans. Response surface methodology was used to evaluate the effects of ferulic acid esterase (FAE) and xylanase activities, as well as incubation time and temperature, on ferulic acid extraction yield from wheat bran. Under optimized conditions, the composition of the hydrolysate and of residual bran were compared to native bran. RESULTS: Experiments carried out under the predicted optimal conditions (FAE amount, 27 U g,1; xylanase amount, 304 U g,1; incubation time, 2 h; and temperature, 65 °C) led to an extraction yield of 52.8%, agreeing with the expected value (51.0%). The crude ferulic acid fraction was purified with Amberlite XAD16, leading to a final concentration of 125 µg mL,1 of ferulic acid in ethanol. The antioxidant capacity of this purified fraction was evaluated by the DPPH· scavenging method: it exhibited better efficiency (EC50 = 10.6 µmol L,1 in ferulic acid) than the ferulic acid standard (EC50 = 13.7 µmol L,1). CONCLUSION: These results confirm the potential of wheat bran valorization in the field of natural antioxidant extraction, possibly viable in an industrial scheme. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry [source]

Comparison of three DNA extraction methods for Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium

LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 1 2008
A. Amaro
Abstract Aims:, To compare three methods for DNA extraction from Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium. Methods and Results:, The DNA was extracted from mycobacterial cultures using enzymatic extraction, combined bead beating and enzymatic extraction and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) extraction. The yield and quality of DNA were compared by spectrophotometry, agarose gel electrophoresis, restriction endonuclease analysis and PCR. The combined bead beating and enzymatic extraction method yielded more DNA. However, that method produced some sheared DNA, visible either by agarose gel electrophoresis or by restriction endonuclease analysis. All methods were appropriate for PCR amplification of a 123 bp fragment of IS6110 in M. bovis and M. tuberculosis, and of a 1700 bp fragment of FR300 region in M. avium avium. Conclusions:, Combined bead beating and enzymatic extraction method was the most efficient and easy method for extracting DNA from bacteria of the M. tuberculosis complex. Significance and Impact of the Study:, The results reveal important differences among the DNA extraction methods for mycobacteria, which are relevant for the success of further downstream molecular analysis. [source]

Large-scale extraction and characterization of CD271+ multipotential stromal cells from trabecular bone in health and osteoarthritis: Implications for bone regeneration strategies based on uncultured or minimally cultured multipotential stromal cells,

ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 7 2010
E. Jones
Objective To test the hypothesis that CD45lowCD271+ bone marrow multipotential stromal cells (MSCs) are abundant in the trabecular bone niche and to explore their functional "fitness" in health and osteoarthritis (OA). Methods Following enzymatic extraction, MSC release was evaluated using colony-forming unit,fibroblast (CFU-F) and colony-forming unit,osteoblast assays, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy. CD45lowCD271+ cells isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting were enumerated and expanded under standard and clonal conditions. Their proliferative and osteogenic potencies were assessed in relation to donor age and compared with those of aspirated CD45lowCD271+ cells. In vitro and in vivo MSC "aging" was measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction,based telomere length analysis, and standard differentiation assays were utilized to demonstrate multipotentiality. Results Cellular isolates from trabecular bone cavities contained ,65-fold more CD45lowCD271+ cells compared with aspirates (P < 0.0001) (median 1.89% [n = 39] and 0.029% [n = 46], respectively), concordant with increased CFU-F release. Aspirated and enzymatically released CD45lowCD271+ cells had identical MSC phenotypes (,100% CD73+CD105+CD13+, ,50,60% CD146+CD106+CD166+) and contained large proportions of highly clonogenic multipotential cells. In vitro osteogenic potency of freshly isolated CD45lowCD271+ cells was comparable with, and often above, that of early-passage MSCs (8,14%). Their frequency and in vivo telomere status in OA bone were similar to those in bone from age-matched controls. Conclusion Our findings show that CD45lowCD271+ MSCs are abundant in the trabecular bone cavity and indistinguishable from aspirated CD45lowCD271+ MSCs. In OA they display aging-related loss of proliferation but no gross osteogenic abnormality. These findings offer new opportunities for direct study of MSCs in musculoskeletal diseases without the requirement for culture expansion. They are also relevant for direct therapeutic exploitation of prospectively isolated, minimally cultured MSCs in trauma and OA. [source]