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Employment Adjustment (employment + adjustment)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	88%

Selected Abstracts

Employment Adjustment at the Firm Level.

LABOUR, Issue 1 2002
A Theoretical Model, an Empirical Investigation for West German Manufacturing Firms
In this paper, employment adjustment at the firm level is estimated with a large panel of business survey data from West German manufacturing. The specification is based on a framework of monopolistic competition in the product market. Special emphasis is devoted to the analysis of the impact of demand uncertainty, capacity constraints, technological change and competition. The empirical results reveal that demand uncertainty and capacity constraints significantly affect employment adjustment. Innovative firms are more successful; they increase employment and exhibit a higher utilization of capacities. Employment adjustment also depends on competition. In monopolistic markets, the volatility of employment is higher. [source]

Firing Costs, Employment Fluctuations and Average Employment: An Examination of Germany

ECONOMICA, Issue 266 2000
Jennifer Hunt
West Germany's Employment Promotion Act of 1985 facilitated the use of fixed-term contracts and increased the number of dismissals above which the employer is required to establish a ,social plan' (involving severance payments). I assess the effect of this reduction in ,firing costs' on movements in employment, using monthly data on a panel of detailed manufacturing industries for 1977-92. I also examine the effect of introducing flexible hours of work in certain industries beginning in 1985. I find that employment adjustment was unaffected by the lower firing costs, but slowed by the greater working hours flexibility. [source]

HIGHWAY INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT AND COUNTY EMPLOYMENT GROWTH: A DYNAMIC PANEL REGRESSION ANALYSIS,

JOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE, Issue 2 2009
Piyapong Jiwattanakulpaisarn
ABSTRACT This paper uses recent advances in dynamic panel econometrics to examine the impact of highway infrastructure on aggregate county-level employment using data for all 100 North Carolina counties from 1985 through 1997. Results are compared to models that do not take endogeneity of highway investment and dynamics of employment adjustment into account. Fully specified dynamic models are found to give insignificant results compared to these other models. Thus, when these issues are properly modeled, the results show that improvements in highways have no discernible impact on employment. [source]

On the Asymmetric Volatility of Employment Outflows

LABOUR, Issue 4 2002
Gareth Leeves
Recent research into job flow dynamics highlights the asymmetry in aggregate employment adjustment. This has implications for patterns of worker flow adjustment. This paper draws upon modelling strategies developed in the applied finance literature to characterize the asymmetry of aggregate employment outflow volatility. It is found that higher employment outflow volatility is associated with negative shocks, when the outflow is lower than expected. This, it is suggested, could be associated with the dynamic processes linking the hiring and turnover of workers. [source]

Employment Adjustment at the Firm Level.

Worker flows, job flows and firm wage policies

THE ECONOMICS OF TRANSITION, Issue 2 2003
An analysis of Slovenia
Abstract Like many transition economies, Slovenia is undergoing profound changes in the workings of the labour market with potentially greater flexibility in terms of both wage and employment adjustment. To investigate the impact of these changes, we use unique longitudinal matched employer-employee data that permits measurement of employment transitions and wages for workers and enables links of the workers to the firms in which they are employed. We can thus measure worker flows and job flows in a comprehensive and integrated manner. We find a high pace of job flows in Slovenia especially for young, small, private and foreign-owned firms and for young, less educated workers. While job flows have approached the rates observed in developed market economies, the excess of worker flows above job flows is lower than that observed in market economies. A key factor in the patterns of the worker and job flows is the determination of wages in Slovenia. A base wage schedule provides strict guidelines for minimum wages for different skill categories. However, firms are permitted to offer higher wages to an individual based upon the success of the worker and/or the firm. Our analysis shows that firms deviate from the base wage schedule significantly and that the idiosyncratic wage policies of firms are closely related to the observed pattern of worker and job flows at the firm. Firms with more flexible wages (measured as less compression of wages within the firm) have less employment instability and are also able to improve the match quality of their workers. JEL Classifications: J23, J31, J41, J61, P23, P31. [source]

Import Competition and Employment in Japan: Plant Startup, Shutdown and Product Changes

THE JAPANESE ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 2 2004
Eiichi Tomiura
This paper examines the relationship between import competition and employment during and after the recent Bubble period in Japan. Gross job flow data are combined with import data for 334 four-digit manufacturing industries. The estimates demonstrate that various modes of employment adjustment respond differently to changes in import prices. Job creation/destruction associated with plant startups/shutdowns was significantly sens-itive to import competition. Among plants continuously operating, job creation during the Bubble boom by plants that altered their product mix across industries was responsive to import price fluctuations, while job flows at plants that remained within the same industries were not. [source]

The reallocation of workers and jobs in Russian industry

THE ECONOMICS OF TRANSITION, Issue 2 2003
New evidence on measures, determinants
Abstract Gross job and worker flows in Russian industry are studied using panel data from a survey of 530 firms selected through national probability sampling. The data permit examination of several crucial measurement issues, including the timing and definition of employment and the role of reorganizations, and they contain rich information on firm characteristics. We find that new and reorganized firms display larger flows than unreorganized enterprises. Product market dispersion and managerial and dispersed outsider ownership are associated with greater worker churning, and unionization and concentrated outsider ownership with less. There is little evidence that the average firm's employment adjustments have become more responsive to adjustment costs during the transition, but private ownership and product market competition appear to increase responsiveness. JEL Classifications: E24, J23, J63, P23, P31. [source]