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Electrostatic Forces (electrostatic + force)
Selected AbstractsElectrostatic Forces Induce Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Protected Copper Nanoparticles to Form Copper/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanocables via ElectrospinningMACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS, Issue 2 2006Zhenyu Li Abstract Summary: Copper/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocables have been successfully obtained by electrospinning a PVA-protected copper nanoparticle solution. The molar ratio of copper ions to PVA (in terms of VA repeating units) plays an important role in the formation of copper/PVA nanocables. The average diameter of the copper cores and PVA shells is about 100 and 400 nm, respectively. The structures of the copper/PVA nanocables are characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and their formation is confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). TEM image of a copper/PVA nanocable. [source] Physicochemical characterization of branched chain polymeric polypeptide carriers based on a poly-lysine backboneBIOPOLYMERS, Issue 3 2003I. B. Nagy Abstract A systematic study is reported on the physicochemical characteristics of two branched chain polymers (based on a poly- L -lysine backbone) with a general formula poly[Lys-(DL -Alam - Xi)], where X = Orn (OAK) or N -acetyl-Glu (Ac-EAK) and m , 3, using surface pressure and fluorescence polarization methods. These data are compared with those of the linear poly(L -Lys) from which OAK and Ac-EAK are derived. These two polymers show a moderate surface activity, able to form stable monomolecular layers at the air-water interface. Poly(L -Lys), the most hydrophilic, has the lowest surface activity. The interaction of these polymers with phospholipid bilayers either neutral or negatively charged was studied with vesicles labeled with two fluorescent probes: ANS and DPH. Results indicate that these polymers are able to accommodate in their internal structure, mainly through electrostatic interactions, a certain amount of ANS marker molecules, but fluorescence increases of the ANS-polypeptide complexes were so low that its influence in further polarization measurements could be discarded. After interaction with liposomes, these polymers induce an increase in the polarization of the probes, thus indicating a rigidification of the bilayers. Electrostatic forces seem to be very important in this interaction; cationic polymers are clearly more active, with PG-containing liposomes, than Ac-EAK. Moreover, in these assays poly(L -Lys) behaves as the more active compound. This fact is probably due to its major ability to form ,-helical structures that could insert easily in the bilayers. These results indicate that the polymeric structures studied can be used as carriers for biologically active molecules, because their interactions with bilayers remain soft and have a positive effect on the stability of the membranes. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 70: 323,335, 2003 [source] Special focus: Cell and protein manipulationBIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL, Issue 2 2009Article first published online: 18 FEB 200 Synthetic biotechnology: The challenge Screening tool for induced pluripotent stem cells Method to limit oncogene expression to stem cells Intravital two-photon microscopy to solve meningitis mystery Electrostatic forces involved in a packaging motor Simulated Raman scattering microscopy offers high sensitivity in real-time imaging Alternative way to save brain cells after stroke or head trauma [source] Modelling suspended carbon nanotube resonatorsPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (B) BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 11 2007M. Poot Abstract We study the bending mode vibration in suspended carbon nanotubes. Based on the theory of continuum mechanics, we have developed a model for flexural oscillations of suspended nanotubes. A detailed analysis of the electrostatic force, the scaling behavior of the model and the gate tuning is given. The model is used to fit experimental data and to reconstruct the gate dependence of the tension and strain in the nanotube. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Charge density and electrostatic potential analyses in paracetamolACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, Issue 3 2009Nouzha Bouhmaida The electron density of monoclinic paracetamol was derived from high-resolution X-ray diffraction at 100,K. The Hansen,Coppens multipole model was used to refine the experimental electron density. The topologies of the electron density and the electrostatic potential were carefully analyzed. Numerical and analytical procedures were used to derive the charges integrated over the atomic basins. The highest charge magnitude (,1.2,e) was found for the N atom of the paracetamol molecule, which is in agreement with the observed nucleophilic attack occurring in the biological media. The electric field generated by the paracetamol molecule was used to calculate the atomic charges using the divergence theorem. This was simultaneously applied to estimate the total electrostatic force exerted on each atom of the molecule by using the Maxwell stress tensor. The interaction electrostatic energy of dimers of paracetamol in the crystal lattice was also estimated. [source] Transport and deformation of droplets in a microdevice using dielectrophoresisELECTROPHORESIS, Issue 4 2007Pushpendra Singh Professor Abstract In microfluidic devices the fluid can be manipulated either as continuous streams or droplets. The latter is particularly attractive as individual droplets can not only move but also split and fuse, thus offering great flexibility for applications such as laboratory-on-a-chip. We consider the transport of liquid drops immersed in a surrounding liquid by means of the dielectrophoretic force generated by electrodes mounted at the bottom of a microdevice. The direct numerical simulation (DNS) approach is used to study the motion of droplets subjected to both hydrodynamic and electrostatic forces. Our technique is based on a finite element scheme using the fundamental equations of motion for both the droplets and surrounding fluid. The interface is tracked by the level set method and the electrostatic forces are computed using the Maxwell stress tensor. The DNS results show that the droplets move, and deform, under the action of nonuniform electric stresses on their surfaces. The deformation increases as the drop moves closer to the electrodes. The extent to which the isolated drops deform depends on the electric Weber number. When the electric Weber number is small, the drops remain spherical; otherwise, the drops stretch. Two droplets, however, that are sufficiently close to each other, can deform and coalesce, even if the electric Weber number is small. This phenomenon does not rely on the magnitude of the electric stresses generated by the bulk electric field, but instead is due to the attractive electrostatic drop,drop interaction overcoming the surface tension force. Experimental results are also presented and found to be in agreement with the DNS results. [source] Guest-Induced Chirality in the Ferrimagnetic Nanoporous Diamond Framework Mn3(HCOO)6,ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 4 2007B. Zhang Abstract Chiral magnets are obtained by inclusion of chiral guest molecules into the channels of an achiral nanoporous ferrimagnet consisting of the Mn3(HCOO)6 (1) framework. Insertion of the R or the S enantiomer of 2-chloropropan-1-ol (CH3C*HClCH2OH) in the chiral pores of the previously emptied framework (space group P21/c) results in the two corresponding chiral solids (1R and 1S, space group P21), while insertion of a racemic mixture of the two enantiomers retains the achirality of the host for the meso solid (1RS, space group P21/c). The R guest is ordered in the M channels while the S guest is ordered in the P channels. In contrast, the R guests in the P channels and the S guests in the M channels are disordered on two crystallographic orientations. For the racemic mixture of the two enantiomers in 1RS, random disorder of guests in both channels is observed. Thus, the localization of the guest molecule depends on the nature of the surface to recognize the guest of a particular chirality. The guest inclusion compounds are thermally stable. The 1R and 1S compounds are optically active. All the compounds adopt a ferrimagnetic ground state. Compared to the host framework of 1 without guest, the Curie temperature decreases for both 1R and 1S but increases for 1RS. The additional interactions between the framework and the inserted guest alcohols strengthen the lattice via hydrogen bonds and other electrostatic forces, and it might account for the significant lowering of the lattice contribution as well as the magnetic component to the specific heat capacity upon guest loading. [source] Chemical bonding: From Lewis to atoms in moleculesJOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY, Issue 1 2007R. F. W. Bader Abstract The Lewis electron pair concept and its role in bonding are recovered in the properties of the electron pair density and in the topology of the Laplacian of the electron density. These properties provide a bridge with the quantum mechanical description of bonding determined by the Feynman, Ehrenfest, and virial theorems, bonding being a consequence of the electrostatic forces acting within a molecular system. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2007 [source] Electrostatic effects on inertial particle transport in bifurcated tubesAICHE JOURNAL, Issue 6 2009Fong Yew Leong Abstract Most aerosols found naturally in the ambient environment or those dispersed from artificial devices such as dry powder inhalers, are electrically charged. It is known that a strong electrostatic charge on aerosols can result in transport behavior dramatically different from that of uncharged aerosols, even in the absence of an external electric field. In the present work, we study pneumatic transport of corona-charged particles in bifurcated tubes. This is accomplished by tracking the motion of discrete particles numerically under the influence of drag, gravitational, and electrostatic forces. The model aerosol is fly ash powder, whose size and charge distributions have been determined experimentally. The electrical mobility of the charged particle cloud is modeled through coulombic interactions between discrete point charges. For the case of polydispersed particles electrically charged across a distribution, the deposition efficiency was found to be greater than what is indicated by the mean charge and size. In particular, use of negatively charged fly ash powder of mean size of 2 ,m and mean charge of ,1.5 C/kg led to significant increase in deposition efficiency (,29%) compared with uncharged fly ash powder of the same size distribution (,8%). Analysis of particle residence times suggests significant interaction between electrical and drag forces. These findings could have implications for pneumatic powder conveying or pulmonary drug delivery applications. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009 [source] An investigation of the factors controlling the adsorption of protein antigens to anionic PLG microparticlesJOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, Issue 11 2005James Chesko Abstract This work examines physico-chemical properties influencing protein adsorption to anionic PLG microparticles and demonstrates the ability to bind and release vaccine antigens over a range of loads, pH values, and ionic strengths. Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles were synthesized by a w/o/w emulsification method in the presence of the anionic surfactant DSS (dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate). Ovalbumin (OVA), carbonic anhydrase (CAN), lysozyme (LYZ), lactic acid dehydrogenase, bovine serum albumin (BSA), an HIV envelope glyocoprotein, and a Neisseria meningitidis B protein were adsorbed to the PLG microparticles, with binding efficiency, initial release and zeta potentials measured. Protein (antigen) binding to PLG microparticles was influenced by both electrostatic interaction and other mechanisms such as van der Waals forces. The protein binding capacity was directly proportional to the available surface area and may have a practical upper limit imposed by the formation of a complete protein monolayer as suggested by AFM images. The protein affinity for the PLG surface depended strongly on the isoelectric point (pI) and electrostatic forces, but also showed contributions from nonCoulombic interactions. Protein antigens were adsorbed on anionic PLG microparticles with varying degrees of efficiency under different conditions such as pH and ionic strength. Observable changes in zeta potentials and morphology suggest the formation of a surface monolayer. Antigen binding and release occur through a combination of electrostatic and van der Waals interactions occurring at the polymer-solution interface. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 94:2510-2519, 2005 [source] Computational studies of the cone and 1,2,3 alternate calix[6]arene bis-crown-4 isomers: structures, NMR shifts, atomic charges, and steric compressionJOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 12 2009Meghan N. Lawson Abstract The cone and 1,2,3 alternate isomers of calix[6]arene bis-crown-4 were investigated computationally. Structural optimizations, energies, bond distances, and Mulliken charges were calculated by the application of the B3LYP/6-31g(d) method/basis, followed by NMR calculations via both B3LYP/6-31g(d) and HF/6-31g(d). Calculations were completed at three different levels of imposed symmetry, and two calculations investigated the chloroform solvent effects. Better NMR results were obtained from HF/6-31g(d) calculations that did not impose molecular symmetry constraints. Consideration of solvent effects improved ground state energies, but other improvements were minimal and not significant enough to justify the added computational expense of solvent calculations. Overall results are consistent with known experimental assignments and were valuable for assigning previously unknown NMR peaks. Net charges, electrostatic forces, and local dipoles , but not bond lengths , are strongly correlated to spectroscopic manifestations of steric compression. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Proton transportation in an organic,inorganic hybrid polymer electrolyte based on a polysiloxane/poly(allylamine) networkJOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE (IN TWO SECTIONS), Issue 15 2005Ping-Lin Kuo Abstract A new class of proton-conducting polymer was developed via the sol,gel process from amino-containing organic,inorganic hybrids by the treatment of poly(allylamine) with 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane doped with ortho -phosphoric acid. The polymer matrix contains many hydrophilic sites and consists of a double-crosslinked framework of polysiloxane and amine/epoxide. Differential scanning calorimetry results suggest that hydrogen bonding or electrostatic forces are present between H3PO4 and the amine nitrogen, resulting in an increase in the glass-transition temperature of the poly(allylamine) chain with an increasing P/N ratio. The 31P magic-angle spinning NMR spectra indicate that three types of phosphate species are involved in the proton conduction, and the motional freedom of H3PO4 is increased with increasing P/N ratios. The conductivity above 80 °C does not drop off but increases instead. Under a dry atmosphere, a high conductivity of 10,3 S/cm at temperatures up to 130 °C has been achieved. The maximum activation energy obtained at P/N = 0.5 suggests that a transition of proton-conducting behavior exits between Grotthus- and vehicle-type mechanisms. The dependence of conductivity on relative humidity (RH) above 50% is smaller for H3PO4 -doped membranes compared with H3PO4 -free ones. These hybrid polymers have characteristics of low water content (23 wt %) and high conductivity (10,2 S/cm at 95% RH), making them promising candidates as electrolytes for fuel cells. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 3359,3367, 2005 [source] A SERS probe of adenyl residues available for intermolecular interactions.JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY, Issue 11 2001Part I, adenyl, fingerprint' This work validated a SERS probe able to compare adenyl reactivity in DNA and RNA. A Creighton silver colloid including adenine (A) [or 2, -deoxyadenosine 5, -phosphate (pdA)] from 2 × 10,3 to 2 × 10,8M is stabilized in the absence or presence of chloride. Concentration-dependent SER spectral profiles reveal how A may interact with (Ag)n+ sites. At concentration ,2 × 10,5M adsorption of (A)n clusters prevents the colloid from undergoing salt effects. Adsorption via N1/N3 is allowed whereas C6NH2 is involved in self-association. At [A] <2 × 10,5M with chloride, hydrogen bonding between chloride and the C6NH2 group enhances C6N electronegativity, which assists C6N/N7 cooperative adsorption. Complex A(Cl,) entities compete with individual chloride ions for adsorption on silver. Very similar C6N/N7 adenyl adsorption occurs for pdA but only above 2 × 10,5M. Chloride,adenyl bonding is reduced and pdA self-association is weaker than adenine self-association. Steric factors, repulsive electrostatic forces and phosphate competitive reactivity with respect to chloride may explain the much higher pdA concentration needed to saturate the silver surface compared with A. Mg2+,phosphate complexation entails concentration-dependent opposite effects on adenyl reactivity with (Ag)n+ sites. Cytosine, thymine and guanine base or corresponding nucleotides deliver weaker SER spectra and much higher SERS responses for chloride adsorption compared with A or pdA. This reveals a weaker adsorption of the oxo bases, assumed to result from alternative oxo and nitrogen interactions with the (Ag)n+ sites. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Heterogeneous agglutinitic glass and the fusion of the finest fraction (F3) modelMETEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE, Issue 12 2002Abhijit Basu They include (1) theoretical expectations that shock pulses should engulf and melt smaller grains more efficiently than larger grains, (2) experimental results of impact shock, albeit at lower than presumed hypervelocity impacts of micrometeorites on the lunar regolith, and (3) new analyses confirming previous results that average compositions of agglutinitic glass are biased towards that of the finest fraction of lunar soils from which they had formed. We add another reason in support of the F3 model. Finer grains of lunar soils are also much more abundant. Hence, electrostatic forces associated with the rotating terminator region bring the finest grains that are obviously much lighter than courser grains to the surface of the Moon. This further contributes to the preferential melting of the finest fraction upon micrometeoritic impacts. New backscattered electron imaging shows that agglutinitic glass is inhomogeneous at submicron scale. Composition ranges of agglutinitic glass are extreme and deviate from that of the finest fraction, even by more than an order of magnitude for some components. Additionally, we show how an ilmenite grain upon impact would produce TiO2 -rich agglutinitic glass in complete disregard to the requirements of fusion of the finest fraction. We propose an addition to the F3 model to accommodate these observations (i.e., that micrometeorite impacts indiscriminately melt the immediate target regardless of grain size or grain composition). We, therefore, suggest that (1) agglutinitic glass is the sum of (a) the melt produced by the fusion of the finest fraction of lunar soils and (b) the microvolume of the indiscriminate target, which melts at high-shock pressures from micrometeoritic impacts, and that (2) because of the small volume of the melt and incorporating cold soil grains, the melt quenched so rapidly that it did not mix and homogenize to represent any preferential composition, for example, that of the finest fraction. [source] Spectroscopic Investigations on the Binding of the Photosensitizer Chlorin p6 with Amine-modified Silica Nanoparticles in Aqueous MediaPHOTOCHEMISTRY & PHOTOBIOLOGY, Issue 4 2009Beena Jain Absorption and emission properties of the amphiphilic photosensitizer Chlorin p6 were investigated in aqueous medium in the presence of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) having positively charged amino groups. The results of these studies reveal that the acid,base ionization equilibrium of Chlorin p6 in aqueous medium is significantly affected as a result of strong electrostatic binding between the negatively charged drug and SiNP. The spectroscopic signature of the drug bound to SiNPs suggests that the tri-anionic form of the drug remains bound to the positively charged SiNPs at pH 8.0. As the pH is progressively decreased the formation of hydrophobic aggregates is disrupted significantly due to the presence of electrostatic binding force, which competes with intermolecular hydrophobic forces. The interplay of hydrophobic and electrostatic forces in the drug,nanoparticle binding process might affect the relative uptake and photodynamic efficacy of the free drug and the drug,nanoparticle complex in cancer cells. [source] Effects of Ionic Environments on Bovine Serum Albumin Fouling in a Cross-Flow Ultrafiltration SystemCHEMICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (CET), Issue 2 2007S. Salg Abstract The influence of electrostatic interactions on membrane fouling during the separation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) from solution was studied in a cross-flow ultrafiltration system. Experiments were carried out at different pH values between 3.78 and 7.46; and for different ionic strengths between 0.001,M and 0.1,M. The changes in permeate flux, cake layer resistance, zeta potentials of BSA and polyether sulfone (PES) membranes, and electrostatic interaction energies, were evaluated. At all of the ionic conditions studied, PES membranes are negatively charged. However, BSA molecules are either negatively or positively charged depending on the ionic environment. Whereas the cake layer resistance decreased with increasing pH and ionic strength, the permeate fluxes increased. The calculated electrostatic energy was a minimum at the isoelectric point (IEP) of BSA. However, at this point, the cake resistances corresponding to fouling at each ionic strength, were not minimized. Below the IEP of BSA, the electrostatic forces were attractive, while above the IEP, repulsive electrostatic forces were dominant. [source] Zeta Potential Measurement in Catalyst PreparationsCHEMICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (CET), Issue 2 2005J. B. Stelzer Abstract Oxide surfaces are covered with hydroxyl groups. In contact with water, positive or negative surface charges can be developed. The surface charge of oxide particles can be fine-tuned by changing the calcination temperature of the oxides before dispersion in water or by variation of the suspension pH. Strong negative or positive surface charges stabilize a suspension and avoid particle aggregation. Nano-structured catalysts suspended in water show surface charges different from those of compact TiO2. For spray drying, the cationic or anionic additives used have to be strongly attached via electrostatic forces to the surface of the suspended oxide particles. When noble metal complexes have to be brought to the support surface, the positively or negatively charged complexes must have an opposite charge relative to the surface charge. Zeta potential measurements can solve these problems. [source] Direct Estimate of the Strength of Conjugation and Hyperconjugation by the Energy Decomposition Analysis MethodCHEMISTRY - A EUROPEAN JOURNAL, Issue 13 2006Israel Fernández Dr. Abstract The intrinsic strength of , interactions in conjugated and hyperconjugated molecules has been calculated using density functional theory by energy decomposition analysis (EDA) of the interaction energy between the conjugating fragments. The results of the EDA of the trans -polyenes H2CCH(HCCH)nCHCH2 (n=1,3) show that the strength of , conjugation for each CC moiety is higher than in trans -1,3-butadiene. The absolute values for the conjugation between SiSi , bonds are around two-thirds of the conjugation between CC bonds but the relative contributions of ,E, to ,Eorb in the all-silicon systems are higher than in the carbon compounds. The , conjugation between CC and CO or CNH bonds in H2CCHC(H)O and H2CCHC(H)NH is comparable to the strength of the conjugation between CC bonds. The , conjugation in H2CCHC(R)O decreases when R=Me, OH, and NH2 while it increases when R=halogen. The hyperconjugation in ethane is around a quarter as strong as the , conjugation in ethyne. Very strong hyperconjugation is found in the central CC bonds in cubylcubane and tetrahedranyltetrahedrane. The hyperconjugation in substituted ethanes X3CCY3 (X,Y=Me, SiH3, F, Cl) is stronger than in the parent compound particularly when X,Y=SiH3 and Cl. The hyperconjugation in donor,acceptor-substituted ethanes may be very strong; the largest ,E, value was calculated for (SiH3)3CCCl3 in which the hyperconjugation is stronger than the conjugation in ethene. The breakdown of the hyperconjugation in X3CCY3 shows that donation of the donor-substituted moiety to the acceptor group is as expected the most important contribution but the reverse interaction is not negligible. The relative strengths of the , interactions between two CC double bonds, one CC double bond and CH3 or CMe3 substituents, and between two CH3 or CMe3 groups, which are separated by one CC single bond, are in a ratio of 4:2:1. Very strong hyperconjugation is found in HCCC(SiH3)3 and HCCCCl3. The extra stabilization of alkenes and alkynes with central multiple bonds over their terminal isomers coming from hyperconjugation is bigger than the total energy difference between the isomeric species. The hyperconjugation in MeC(R)O is half as strong as the conjugation in H2CCHC(R)O and shows the same trend for different substituents R. Bond energies and lengths should not be used as indicators of the strength of hyperconjugation because the effect of , interactions and electrostatic forces may compensate for the hyperconjugative effect. [source] Multichromophores for Nonlinear Optics: Designing the Material Properties by Electrostatic Interactions,CHEMPHYSCHEM, Issue 17 2007Francesca Terenziani Dr. Abstract To fully exploit the promise of molecular materials for NLO applications, inter- and supramolecular interactions must be accounted for. We review our recent work on electrostatic interchromophore interactions in multichromophores for NLO applications. The discussion is based on a bottom-up modeling strategy: each chromophore is described in terms of an essential state model, validated and parameterized against spectroscopic data for solvated chromophores. The relevant information is then used to build a model for clusters of chromophores interacting through electrostatic forces. Exact NLO responses and spectra calculated within this model fully account for collective and cooperative interchromophore interactions, which can either amplify or suppress NLO responses; supramolecular engineering of multichromophores is a powerful tool for the design of NLO materials. Moreover, new features emerge in multichromophores with no counterpart at the single-chromophore level, offering new exciting opportunities for applications. [source] Determination of Potassium Ferrocyanide in Foods by Resonance Rayleigh Scattering Method with Double-Charged Triaminotriphenylmethane DyesCHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, Issue 7 2007Yong-Li Li Abstract In pH 1.0 acidic medium, double-charged triaminotriphenylmethane dyes such as methyl green (MeG) and iodine green (IG) react with potassium ferrocyanide to form 2:1 ion-association complexes by virtue of electrostatic forces and hydrophobic interaction. It results in the change of absorption and the great enhancement of resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) and the appearance of new RRS spectra. Two systems have similar spectral characteristics and their maximum RRS wavelengths are all located at 276 nm and smaller peaks are located at 332 and 457 nm, respectively. The intensity of RRS is directly proportional to the concentration of [Fe(CN)6]4, in the range of 0.03,5.7 µg·mL,1 (MeG system) or 0.04,5.9 µg·mL,1 (IG system). The RRS method has high sensitivity and the detection limit (3,) for potassium ferrocyanide is 9.3 ng·mL,1 (MeG system) or 11.2 ng·mL,1 (IG system). The optimum conditions, influencing factors and effects of foreign substances are investigated. The method also has a good selectivity. A sensitive, rapid and simple RRS method for the determination of potassium ferrocyanide in salinized food and table salt has been developed. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||