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Electrophoretic Profile (electrophoretic + profile)
Selected AbstractsOptimization of the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Mussel MeatJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 1 2010Vanessa M. Silva ABSTRACT:, Mussel meat was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis using Protamex. The relationship of temperature (46 to 64 °C), enzyme : substrate ratio (0.48% to 5.52%), and pH (6.7 to 8.3) to the degree of hydrolysis were determined. The surface response methodology showed that the optimum conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis of mussel meat were pH 6.85, temperature 51°C, and enzyme : substrate ratio of 4.5%. Under these conditions a degree of hydrolysis of 26.5% and protein recovery of 65% were obtained. The produced hydrolysate, under optimum condition, was characterized in terms of chemical composition, electrophoretic profile, and amino acid composition. Practical Application: The practical application of mussel meat hydrolysate is its use as flavoring in products such as soups, sauces, and special beverages. In addition, the product is partially digested and has great nutritional value due to its good amino acid profile and thus can be used as a food supplement in special diets. [source] Low-salt restructured fish products using microbial transglutaminase as binding agentJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 9 2002Simón J Téllez-Luis Abstract Low-salt restructured silver carp products were obtained using mechanically deboned fish meat from filleting wastes of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). The additives used were NaCl at three levels (0 (control), 10 and 20,g,kg,1) and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) also at three levels (0 (control), 3 and 6,g,kg,1). The fish meat was massaged with the additives at <15,°C for 1,h. The massaged fish paste was then packed into steel stainless tubes and cooked at 40,°C for 30,min followed by 90,°C for 15,min. Changes in mechanical properties (texture profile analysis and punch test), solubility, electrophoretic profile and expressible water were evaluated. Hardness was in the range from 26.3 to 52.4,N, cohesiveness varied from 0.185 to 0.318 and springiness varied from 0.418 to 0.768. Increasing the amount of both additives improved the mechanical and functional properties of the restructured silver carp products. MTGase activity was associated with a decrease in protein solubility and a decrease in the myosin band (SDS-PAGE). Increasing NaCl decreased the amount of expressible water. The results indicated that it is feasible to obtain low-salt restructured silver carp products with improved mechanical and good functional properties using 3,g,kg,1 MTGase and 10,g,kg,1 NaCl. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Variably protease-sensitive prionopathy: A new sporadic disease of the prion protein,ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 2 2010Wen-Quan Zou MD Objective: The objective of the study is to report 2 new genotypic forms of protease-sensitive prionopathy (PSPr), a novel prion disease described in 2008, in 11 subjects all homozygous for valine at codon 129 of the prion protein (PrP) gene (129VV). The 2 new PSPr forms affect individuals who are either homozygous for methionine (129MM) or heterozygous for methionine/valine (129MV). Methods: Fifteen affected subjects with 129MM, 129MV, and 129VV underwent comparative evaluation at the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center for clinical, histopathologic, immunohistochemical, genotypical, and PrP characteristics. Results: Disease duration (between 22 and 45 months) was significantly different in the 129VV and 129MV subjects. Most other phenotypic features along with the PrP electrophoretic profile were similar but distinguishable in the 3 129 genotypes. A major difference laid in the sensitivity to protease digestion of the disease-associated PrP, which was high in 129VV but much lower, or altogether lacking, in 129MV and 129MM. This difference prompted the substitution of the original designation with "variably protease-sensitive prionopathy" (VPSPr). None of the subjects had mutations in the PrP gene coding region. Interpretation: Because all 3 129 genotypes are involved, and are associated with distinguishable phenotypes, VPSPr becomes the second sporadic prion protein disease with this feature after Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, originally reported in 1920. However, the characteristics of the abnormal prion protein suggest that VPSPr is different from typical prion diseases, and perhaps more akin to subtypes of Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease. ANN NEUROL 2010;68:162,172 [source] Evaluation of CE methods for global metabolic profiling of urineELECTROPHORESIS, Issue 14 2010Rawi Ramautar Abstract In this study, the usefulness of noncovalently coated capillaries with layers of charged polymers is investigated to obtain global electrophoretic profiles of urinary metabolites covering a broad range of different compound classes in a highly repeatable way. Capillaries were coated with a bilayer of polybrene (PB) and poly(vinyl sulfonate) (PVS), or with a triple layer of PB, dextran sulfate (DS) and PB. The bilayer and triple layer coatings were evaluated at acidic (pH 2.0) and alkaline (pH 9.0) separation conditions, thereby providing separation conditions for basic and acidic compounds. A representative metabolite mixture and spiked urine samples were used for the evaluation of the four CE methods. Migration time repeatability (RSD<2%) and plate numbers (N, 100,000,400,000) were similar for the test compounds in all CE methods, except for some multivalent ions that may exhibit adsorption to oppositely charged coatings. The analysis of cationic compounds with the PB-DS-PB CE method at low pH (i.e. after the EOF time) provided a larger separation window and number of separated peaks in urine compared to the analysis with the PB-PVS CE method at low pH (i.e. before the EOF time). Approximately, 600 molecular features were detected in rat urine by the PB-DS-PB CE-MS method whereas about 300 features were found with the PB-PVS CE-MS method. This difference can be attributed to reduced comigration of compounds with the PB-DS-PB CE-MS method and a related decrease of ion suppression. With regard to the analysis of anionic compounds by CE-MS, in general analyte responses were significantly lower than that for cationic compounds, most probably due to less efficient ionization and to ion suppression effects caused by the background electrolyte. Hence, further optimization is required for the sensitive CE-MS analysis of anionic compounds in body fluids. It is concluded that the selection of a CE method for profiling of cationic metabolites in urine depends on the purpose of the study. For high-throughput analyses, the PB-PVS CE-MS method is favored whereas the PB-DS-PB CE-MS method provides a more information-rich metabolic profile, but at the cost of prolonged analysis time. [source] Development of a molecular method for the typing of Brettanomyces bruxellensis (Dekkera bruxellensis) at the strain levelJOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 2 2007C. Miot-Sertier Abstract Aims:, In recent years, Brettanomyces/Dekkera bruxellensis has caused increasingly severe quality problems in the wine industry. A typing method at the strain level is needed for a better knowledge of the dispersion and the dynamics of these yeasts from grape to wine. Methods and Results:, Three molecular tools, namely random-amplified polymorphic DNA, PCR fingerprinting with microsatellite oligonucleotide primers and SAU-PCR, were explored for their relevance to typing strains of Brettanomyces bruxellensis. The results indicated that discrimination of each individual strain was not possible with a single PCR typing technique. We described a typing method for B. bruxellensis based on restriction enzyme analysis and pulse field gel electrophoresis (REA-PFGE). Results showed that electrophoretic profiles were reproducible and specific for each strain under study. Conclusions:, Consequently, REA-PFGE should be considered for the discrimination of B. bruxellensis strains. This technique allowed a fine discrimination of B. bruxellensis, as strains were identified by a particular profile. Significance and Impact of the Study:, This study constitutes a prerequisite for accurate and appropriate investigations on the diversity of strains throughout the winemaking and ageing process. Such studies will probably give clearer and more up-to-date information on the origin of the presence of Brettanomyces in wine after vinification when they are latent spoilage agents. [source] Cultural Characterization and Conidial Dimorphism in Colletotrichum sublineolumJOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 7-8 2003E. A. Souza-Paccola Abstract Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum sublineolum, is one of the most important diseases of sorghum in Brazil. This fungus showed conidial dimorphism when cultivated on solid or in liquid media. In solid media only falcate conidia were produced, whereas in liquid media the conidia were of variable size, but mostly oval. Wild strains, differentiated by their , and , esterase electrophoretic profiles, were assessed. The effect of different culture media on the production of both conidial types was evaluated. Unlike that of oval conidia, the production of falcate conidia was light-dependent. Some strains failed to produce falcate conidia in solid media, but all produced oval conidia in all the liquid media. The falcate conidia were uninucleate, but oval conidia contained one to three nuclei, although most were uninucleate. Both types of conidia induced symptoms in inoculable sorghum plants under controlled conditions. Both oval and falcate conidia produced mutants after exposure to UV light, and hyphal anastomoses occurred in crosses between mutant conidia carriers of complementary markers. The production of these oval conidia in C. sublineolum is an alternative to pathogenicity tests and genetic studies, especially for strains that sporulate poorly in solid culture media. [source] | |||||||||||||