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Electronics
Kinds of Electronics Terms modified by Electronics Selected AbstractsA USB kit for digital I/O applications in a digital electronics lab designed by using PIC16C765 microcontrollerCOMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION, Issue 2 2009Ali Buldu Abstract In this article, a USB Kit is designed by using Microchip's PIC16C765 microcontroller that has a low-speed USB serial interface engine. It is used to communicate with and/or through USB port for digital I/O applications in a Digital Electronics Lab. In this education kit, two groups of keys (switches) and a group of LED are used to realize the experiments about logic gate applications included in Electronics and Computer Education Department's curriculum of Marmara University and also included in other faculties' curriculums related to the engineering science all around the world. In designed board, one of the key groups is 8-bit software-controlled by using simulator interface and the other is 8-bit user-controlled by using real switches existing on the board. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 17: 131,138, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae20172 [source] Liquid Crystal Imidazolium Salts: Towards Materials for Catalysis and Molecular ElectronicsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 24 2007Jean-Moïse Suisse Abstract 1,3-Bis(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-3H -imidazol-1-ium trifluoromethanesulfonates, alkyl = CH3(CH2)n,1, n = 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16, can be derived from the analogous 4-alkyloxyphenylamines. These imidazolium salts exhibit a lamellar liquid-crystal mesophase between 99 °C and 191 °C. The smectic-A phase was fully characterised by polarising optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. We report also the synthesis, lamellar crystal structure and catalytic activity of the PdII complex of the (deprotonated) carbene form of one of these salts. In addition, we measured the charged carrier mobilities in the mesophase.(© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007) [source] Organic Electronics: High Tg Cyclic Olefin Copolymer Gate Dielectrics for N,N,-Ditridecyl Perylene Diimide Based Field-Effect Transistors: Improving Performance and Stability with Thermal Treatment (Adv. Funct.ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 16 2010Mater. Abstract A novel application of ethylene-norbornene cyclic olefin copolymers (COC) as gate dielectric layers in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) that require thermal annealing as a strategy for improving the OFET performance and stability is reported. The thermally-treated N,N, -ditridecyl perylene diimide (PTCDI-C13)-based n-type FETs using a COC/SiO2 gate dielectric show remarkably enhanced atmospheric performance and stability. The COC gate dielectric layer displays a hydrophobic surface (water contact angle = 95° ± 1°) and high thermal stability (glass transition temperature = 181 °C) without producing crosslinking. After thermal annealing, the crystallinity improves and the grain size of PTCDI-C13 domains grown on the COC/SiO2 gate dielectric increases significantly. The resulting n-type FETs exhibit high atmospheric field-effect mobilities, up to 0.90 cm2 V,1 s,1 in the 20 V saturation regime and long-term stability with respect to H2O/O2 degradation, hysteresis, or sweep-stress over 110 days. By integrating the n-type FETs with p-type pentacene-based FETs in a single device, high performance organic complementary inverters that exhibit high gain (exceeding 45 in ambient air) are realized. [source] Interface Engineering for Organic ElectronicsADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 9 2010Hong Ma Abstract The field of organic electronics has been developed vastly in the past two decades due to its promise for low cost, lightweight, mechanical flexibility, versatility of chemical design and synthesis, and ease of processing. The performance and lifetime of these devices, such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), photovoltaics (OPVs), and field-effect transistors (OFETs), are critically dependent on the properties of both active materials and their interfaces. Interfacial properties can be controlled ranging from simple wettability or adhesion between different materials to direct modifications of the electronic structure of the materials. In this Feature Article, the strategies of utilizing surfactant-modified cathodes, hole-transporting buffer layers, and self-assembled monolayer (SAM)-modified anodes are highlighted. In addition to enabling the production of high-efficiency OLEDs, control of interfaces in both conventional and inverted polymer solar cells is shown to enhance their efficiency and stability; and the tailoring of source,drain electrode,semiconductor interfaces, dielectric,semiconductor interfaces, and ultrathin dielectrics is shown to allow for high-performance OFETs. [source] Printable Electronics: Foldable Printed Circuit Boards on Paper Substrates (Adv. Funct.ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 1 2010Mater. Lightweight and flexible printed circuit boards (PCBs) have been produced by micro-patterning metal on paper substrates, as reported by Siegel et al. on page 28. Paper-based electronic devices can be folded and creased repeatedly, shaped to form three-dimensional structures, integrated with paper-based microfluidic devices, and disposed of by flame (as shown in the cover image). [source] Cyclodextrin-Threaded Conjugated Polyrotaxanes for Organic Electronics: The Influence of the Counter CationsADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 23 2009Gianluca Latini No abstract is available for this article. [source] Supramolecular Self-Assembly: Self-Assembly of a Donor-Acceptor Dyad Across Multiple Length Scales: Functional Architectures for Organic Electronics (Adv. Funct.ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 15 2009Mater. More than the sum of its parts: by covalently coupling polycyclic donor and acceptor moieties, Samori and co-workers demonstrate on page 2486 that a donor,acceptor dyad, based on nanographene and perylene, self-assembles into highly ordered supramolecular architectures with nanosegregated coaxial donor and acceptor regions. The cover image features an atomic force microscopy image of mesoscopic ribbons along with the proposed crystallographic arrangement of the constituent molecules. [source] Self-Assembly of a Donor-Acceptor Dyad Across Multiple Length Scales: Functional Architectures for Organic ElectronicsADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 15 2009Jeffrey M. Mativetsky Abstract Molecular dyads based on polycyclic electron donor (D) and electron acceptor (A) units represent suitable building blocks for forming highly ordered, solution-processable, nanosegregated D-A domains for potential use in (opto)electronic applications. A new dyad, based on alkyl substituted hexa- peri -hexabenzocoronene (HBC) and perylene monoimide (PMI) separated by an ethinylene linker, is shown to have a high tendency to self-assemble into ordered supramolecular arrangements at multiple length scales: macroscopic extruded filaments display long-range crystalline order, nanofiber networks are produced by simple spin-coating, and monolayers with a lamellar packing are formed by physisorption at the solution-HOPG interface. Moreover, highly uniform mesoscopic ribbons bearing atomically flat facets and steps with single-molecule heights self-assemble upon solvent-vapor annealing. Electrical measurements of HBC-PMI films and mesoscopic ribbons in a transistor configuration exhibit ambipolar transport with well balanced p- and n-type mobilities. Owing to the increased level of order at the supramolecular level, devices based on ribbons show mobility increases of more than one order of magnitude. [source] Mechanical Buckling: Mechanics, Metrology, and Stretchable ElectronicsADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 10 2009Dahl-Young Khang Abstract Mechanical buckling usually means catastrophic failure in structural mechanics systems. However, controlled buckling of thin films on compliant substrates has been used to advantage in diverse fields such as micro-/nanofabrication, optics, bioengineering, and metrology as well as fundamental mechanics studies. In this Feature Article, a mechanical buckling model is presented, which sprang, in part, from the buckling study of high-quality, single-crystalline nanomaterials. To check the mechanical-buckling phenomenon down to the nano-/molecular scale, well-aligned single-walled carbon nanotube arrays and cross linked carbon-based monolayers are transferred from growth substrate onto elastomeric substrate and then they are buckled into well-defined shapes that are amenable to quantitative analysis. From this nano- or molecular-scale buckling, it is shown that the mechanical moduli of nanoscale materials can easily be determined, even using a model based on continuum mechanics. In addition, buckling phenomena can be utilized for the determination of mechanical moduli of organic functional materials such as poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and P3HT/6,6-phenyl-C61 -butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) composite, which are widely used for organic transistors and organic photovoltaics. The results provide useful information for the realization of flexible and/or stretchable organic electronics. Finally, the fabrication and applications of "wavy, stretchable" single-crystal Si electronics on elastomeric substrates are demonstrated. [source] Doping of the Metal Oxide Nanostructure and its Influence in Organic ElectronicsADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 8 2009Mi-Hyae Park Abstract Synthesizing metal oxides through the sol,gel process provides a convenient way for forming a nanostructured layer in wide band gap semiconductors. In this paper, a unique method of introducing dopants into the metal oxide semiconductor is presented. The doped TiO2 is prepared by adding a Cs2CO3 solution to a nanocrystalline TiO2 solution that is synthesized via a non-hydrolytic sol,gel process. The properties of the TiO2:Cs layer are investigated and the results show stable nanostructure morphology. In addition to providing morphological stability, Cs in TiO2 also gives rise to a more desirable work function for charge transport in organic electronics. Polymer solar cells based on the poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT): methanofullerene (PC70BM) system with the addition of a TiO2:Cs interfacial layer exhibit excellent characteristics with a power conversion efficiency of up to 4.2%. The improved device performance is attributed to an improved polymer/metal contact, more efficient electron extraction, and better hole blocking properties. The effectiveness of this unique functionality also extends to polymer light emitting devices, where a lower driving voltage, improved efficiency, and extended lifetime are demonstrated. [source] Flexible Electronics: Fully Flexible Solution-Deposited ZnO Thin-Film Transistors (Adv. Mater.ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 38 201038/2010) Solution-processed ,real' flexible ZnO thin-film transistors (TFTs) on plastic substrates are demonstrated on p. 4308 by Jooho Moon and co-workers. The flexible device shows exceptional and unprecedented stability against various stresses such as bending, rolling, wearing, and folding, exhibiting no degradation at tensile strains up to 6.35%. Such solution processable semiconductor devices can be used to realize transparent, flexible electronic devices. [source] Chemically Derived Graphene Oxide: Towards Large-Area Thin-Film Electronics and OptoelectronicsADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 22 2010Goki Eda Abstract Chemically derived graphene oxide (GO) possesses a unique set of properties arising from oxygen functional groups that are introduced during chemical exfoliation of graphite. Large-area thin-film deposition of GO, enabled by its solubility in a variety of solvents, offers a route towards GO-based thin-film electronics and optoelectronics. The electrical and optical properties of GO are strongly dependent on its chemical and atomic structure and are tunable over a wide range via chemical engineering. In this Review, the fundamental structure and properties of GO-based thin films are discussed in relation to their potential applications in electronics and optoelectronics. [source] Stretchable, Large-area Organic ElectronicsADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 20 2010Tsuyoshi Sekitani Abstract Stretchability will significantly expand the application scope of electronics, particularly large-area electronics,displays, sensors, and actuators. If arbitrary surfaces and movable parts could be covered with stretchable electronics, which is impossible with conventional electronics, new classes of applications are expected to emerge. A large hurdle is manufacturing electrical wiring with high conductivity, high stretchability, and large-area compatibility. This Review describes stretchable, large-area electronics based on organic field-effect transistors for applications to sensors and displays. First, novel net-shaped organic transistors are employed to realize stretchable, large-area sensor networks that detect distributions of pressure and temperature simultaneously. The whole system is functional even when it is stretched by 25%. In order to further improve stretchability, printable elastic conductors are developed by dispersing single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) as dopants uniformly in rubbers. Further, we describe integration of printable elastic conductors with organic transistors to construct a rubber-like stretchable active matrix for large-area sensor and display applications. Finally, we will discuss the future prospects of stretchable, large-area electronics with delineating a picture of the next-generation human/machine interfaces from the aspect of materials science and electronic engineering. [source] Stretchable, Curvilinear Electronics Based on Inorganic MaterialsADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 19 2010Dae-Hyeong Kim Abstract All commercial forms of electronic/optoelectronic technologies use planar, rigid substrates. Device possibilities that exploit bio-inspired designs or require intimate integration with the human body demand curvilinear shapes and/or elastic responses to large strain deformations. This article reviews progress in research designed to accomplish these outcomes with established, high-performance inorganic electronic materials and modest modifications to conventional, planar processing techniques. We outline the most well developed strategies and illustrate their use in demonstrator devices that exploit unique combinations of shape, mechanical properties and electronic performance. We conclude with an outlook on the challenges and opportunities for this emerging area of materials science and engineering. [source] Single-Molecule Spectroscopy for Plastic Electronics: Materials Analysis from the Bottom-UpADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 15 2010John M. Lupton Abstract , -conjugated polymers find a range of applications in electronic devices. These materials are generally highly disordered in terms of chain length and chain conformation, besides being influenced by a variety of chemical and physical defects. Although this characteristic can be of benefit in certain device applications, disorder severely complicates materials analysis. Accurate analytical techniques are, however, crucial to optimising synthetic procedures and assessing overall material purity. Fortunately, single-molecule spectroscopic techniques have emerged as an unlikely but uniquely powerful approach to unraveling intrinsic material properties from the bottom up. Building on the success of such techniques in the life sciences, single-molecule spectroscopy is finding increasing applicability in materials science, effectively enabling the dissection of the bulk down to the level of the individual molecular constituent. This article reviews recent progress in single molecule spectroscopy of conjugated polymers as used in organic electronics. [source] Organic Electronics: Improved Performance of Polymer Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells Through the Reduction of Phase Separation via Solvent Additives (Adv. Mater.ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 8 20108/2010) The fabrication of bulk heterojunction organic solar cells from solution-casting techniques using low-cost materials makes them a promising new technology for converting sunlight into electricity. T.-Q. Nguyen, G. C. Bazan, et al. report on p. E63 that undesirable large-scale aggregation and phase separation that may arise during deposition can be reduced by incorporating a small amount of a well-chosen solvent additive. [source] Organic Electronics: High-mobility Ambipolar Transistors and High-gain Inverters from a Donor,Acceptor Copolymer Semiconductor (Adv. Mater.ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 4 20104/2010) The cover illustrates a polymer semiconductor highway for efficient transport of both electrons and holes. On p. 478, Samson A. Jenekhe, Mark D. Watson, and co-workers have demonstrated high-mobility single-component ambipolar field-effect transistors, by utilizing a new polymer semiconductor, and integrated them into complementary inverters. Polymer semiconductors with good ambipolar charge transport provide a simpler way to realize complementary circuits and other devices and functions in organic electronics. [source] Molecules on Si: Electronics with ChemistryADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 2 2010Ayelet Vilan Abstract Basic scientific interest in using a semiconducting electrode in molecule-based electronics arises from the rich electrostatic landscape presented by semiconductor interfaces. Technological interest rests on the promise that combining existing semiconductor (primarily Si) electronics with (mostly organic) molecules will result in a whole that is larger than the sum of its parts. Such a hybrid approach appears presently particularly relevant for sensors and photovoltaics. Semiconductors, especially Si, present an important experimental test-bed for assessing electronic transport behavior of molecules, because they allow varying the critical interface energetics without, to a first approximation, altering the interfacial chemistry. To investigate semiconductor-molecule electronics we need reproducible, high-yield preparations of samples that allow reliable and reproducible data collection. Only in that way can we explore how the molecule/electrode interfaces affect or even dictate charge transport, which may then provide a basis for models with predictive power. To consider these issues and questions we will, in this Progress Report, review junctions based on direct bonding of molecules to oxide-free Si. describe the possible charge transport mechanisms across such interfaces and evaluate in how far they can be quantified. investigate to what extent imperfections in the monolayer are important for transport across the monolayer. revisit the concept of energy levels in such hybrid systems. [source] Toward the Development of Printable Nanowire Electronics and SensorsADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 37 2009Zhiyong Fan Abstract In recent years, there has been tremendous progress in the research and development of printable electronics on mechanically flexible substrates based on inorganic active components, which provide high performances and stable device operations at low cost. In this regard, various approaches have been developed for the direct transfer or printing of micro- and nanoscale, inorganic semiconductors on substrates. In this review article, we focus on the recent advancements in the large-scale integration of single crystalline, inorganic-nanowire (NW) arrays for electronic and sensor applications, specifically involving the contact printing of NWs at defined locations. We discuss the advantages, limitations, and the state-of-the-art of this technology, and present an integration platform for future printable, heterogeneous-sensor circuitry based on NW parallel arrays. [source] Flexible Electronics: Ultrathin Silicon Circuits With Strain-Isolation Layers and Mesh Layouts for High-Performance Electronics on Fabric, Vinyl, Leather, and Paper (Adv. Mater.ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 36 200936/2009) The cover shows a silicon integrated circuit on a paper substrate. The system consists of ultrathin devices electrically and mechanically interconnected with stretchable, serpentine ribbons. A low modulus elastomeric adhesive isolates the circuit from strains associated with bending and folding the paper. This strategy provides a route to high quality electronics on paper, vinyl, leather and other unusual substrates, as reported by John Rogers and co-workers on p. 3703. [source] Ultrathin Silicon Circuits With Strain-Isolation Layers and Mesh Layouts for High-Performance Electronics on Fabric, Vinyl, Leather, and PaperADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 36 2009Dae-Hyeong Kim We present various stretchable high-performance CMOS circuit demonstrations on unconventional substrates, such as fabric, vinyl, leather, and paper. Electronics on such substrates, especially paper, open up new and important application possibilities for electronics. Theoretical analysis reveals the underlying mechanics of these systems; electrical tests under mechanical cycling demonstrate the robustness of the designs. [source] Orthogonal Patterning of PEDOT:PSS for Organic Electronics using Hydrofluoroether SolventsADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 22 2009Priscilla G. Taylor By employing benign process solvents and specially tailored photopolymers, organic electronic materials can be lithographically patterned. Furthermore, because the process is acid stable, this is an ideal candidate for patterning acidic PEDOT:PSS, an important material for organic electronics. Fabrication of a multilayer OTFT demonstrates the potential of this orthogonal patterning process. [source] Organic Electronics: Solution-Grown, Macroscopic Organic Single Crystals Exhibiting Three-Dimensional Anisotropic Charge-Transport Properties (Adv. Mater.ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 18 200918/2009) Organic single crystals have the potential to delivering novel electronic devices based on three-dimensional anisotropic electronic transport. The cover shows single crystals of 4-hydroxycyanobenzene (4HCB) grown from solution behind a distorted-perspective partial representation of the crystalline structure hinting at their molecular constituents. The carrier mobility, anisotropic along the three crystallographic axes, is discussed by Fraleoni-Morgera, Fraboni, Femoni, and co-workers on p. 1835. Dr. George Kourousias is acknowledged for the cover design and artwork. [source] Al2O3/ZrO2 Nanolaminates as Ultrahigh Gas-Diffusion Barriers,A Strategy for Reliable Encapsulation of Organic ElectronicsADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 18 2009Jens Meyer Highly efficient gas-diffusion barriers based on nanolaminates of alternating Al2O3 and ZrO2 layers grown at 80,°C by atomic-layer deposition are presented. Ultralow water-vapor permeation rates are reported, and a dramatic reduction of statistical defects on larger areas was found compared to single Al2O3 layers. This study provides a concept for the encapsulation of organic optoelectronic devices. [source] Organic Electronics: From Materials to DevicesADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 14-15 2009Yang Yang No abstract is available for this article. [source] Self-Assembled Perovskite-Fluorite Oblique Nanostructures for Adaptive (Tunable) ElectronicsADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 13 2009Tomoaki Yamada The relative concentration of BaTiO3 and CeO2 is shown to control the inclination of composite growth. The oblique composite structures consist of tunable BaTiO3 nanofibers embedded in a CeO2 matrix, which lowers considerably the permittivity while significantly enhancing the tunable response to an electric field. This is of interest in reconfigurable microelectronics. [source] Construction of Redispersible Polypyrrole Core,Shell Nanoparticles for Application in Polymer ElectronicsADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 10-11 2009Jianjun Wang Redispersible conductive core,shell nanoparticles with a polystyrene core and a polystyrene sulfonate shell loaded with polypyrrole (PPy) are constructed. The smooth conducting thin films assembled from the PPy core,shell nanoparticles show high transmittance in the visible range and adequate adhesion to the substrates. Performance of light-emitting devices with the conducting thin film as the hole injection layer is tested and compared with the one based on PEDOT/PSS. [source] Side-Chain Degradation of Ultrapure ,-Conjugated Oligomers: Implications for Organic ElectronicsADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 5 2009Robert Abbel The degradation of two defect-free, -conjugated oligomers, and the participation of their solubilizing side chains in the process are studied in unprecedented detail. The detected intermediate products reveal a mechanism of successive shortening of alkyl and oligo(ethylene glycol) substituents. Eventually, these processes cause chemical modifications in the conjugated backbone, which strongly influence the electronic properties of the materials. [source] Plastic Electronics: The Influence of Morphology on High-Performance Polymer Field-Effect Transistors (Adv. Mater.ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 2 20092/2009) On p. 209, Wojciech Pisula, Klaus Müllen, and co-workers report on directionally oriented, high-performance polymer field-effect transistors for plastic electronics. The cover shows the applied alignment from solution, resulting in pronounced macroscopic ordering of the copolymer chains and finally in excellent transistor behavior, which is promising for applications in, for example, flexible displays. [source] Ultrathin Films of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Electronics and Sensors: A Review of Fundamental and Applied AspectsADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 1 2009Qing Cao Abstract Ultrathin films of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) represent an attractive, emerging class of material, with properties that can approach the exceptional electrical, mechanical, and optical characteristics of individual SWNTs, in a format that, unlike isolated tubes, is readily suitable for scalable integration into devices. These features suggest the potential for realistic applications as conducting or semiconducting layers in diverse types of electronic, optoelectronic and sensor systems. This article reviews recent advances in assembly techniques for forming such films, modeling and experimental work that reveals their collective properties, and engineering aspects of implementation in sensors and in electronic devices and circuits with various levels of complexity. A concluding discussion provides some perspectives on possibilities for future work in fundamental and applied aspects. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||