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Selected Abstracts

Studies of the micellar effect on photogalvanics: Solar energy conversion and storage,EDTA,safranine O,DSS system

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH, Issue 13 2010
Prerna Gangotri
Abstract The studies of the micellar effect on photogalvanics was done for solar energy conversion and storage in photogalvanic cell containing dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate as anionic micellar species, EDTA as reductant and safranine O as photosensitizer. The photopotential and photocurrent generated were 800.0,mV and 65.0,µA respectively. The observed conversion efficiency was 0.2532 per cent, the fill factor was 0.38 and the maximum power of the cell was 52.0,µW whereas the power at power point of the photogalvanic cell was 26.34,µW. The rate of initial generation of current was 37.5,µA,min,1. The photogalvanic cell can be used for 80.0,minutes in the dark. The effects of different parameters on the electrical output of the photogalvanic cell were observed and a mechanism has also been proposed for the generation of photocurrent in the photogalvanic cell. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

An experimental and mathematical study of efforts of a novel photovoltaic-Trombe wall on a test room

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH, Issue 6 2008
Ji Jie
Abstract A novel photovoltaic-Trombe wall (PV-TW) is proposed and investigated experimentally and theoretically in this paper. The PV-TW was installed at the south-facing external wall of an environmental chamber that carried two identical test rooms. Both of the test rooms have a double window of the same size. One test room was installed with the PV-TW (known as the PV-TW room), and the other without PV-TW (known as the reference room). The influence of the PV-TW on the thermal environment of the test room was investigated under different operating conditions. The experimental results show the dual benefits of the PV-TW system: improving the room thermal condition and at the same time generating electricity. Compared with the reference room, the maximum indoor temperature was found to be 5,7°C higher in winter, and the daily electrical output reached about 0.3,kWh with a PV cell area of 0.72,m2. Also, a detailed model is given to evaluate the performance of PV-TW theoretically, and the PV-TW room is simulated under one certain operating condition. The simulated and measured air temperatures of PV-TW room are found to be in good agreement. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Numerical analysis of the single electrode heat effect in molten carbonate fuel cells: temperature analysis of the electrolyte plate by applying irreversible thermodynamics

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH, Issue 15 2004
Fumihiko Yoshiba
Abstract A temperature analysis model of a molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC) stack is used to calculate the single electrode heat effects. The magnitude of heat which evolves from the cathode and absorbed at the anode is large, and in similar value to the electrical output of a MCFC. This suggests that the heat evolution of a single electrode causes a temperature difference between the electrodes. The temperature distribution in the electrolyte plate is evaluated to establish more accurate results concerning the temperature analysis model of the stack. The temperature distribution in the electrolyte plate is studied by applying irreversible thermodynamics. When the operating current density is less than 3000 A m,2 and the thermal conductivity of the electrolyte is more than 2 W m,1 K,1, the temperature difference between cathode and anode is estimated to be less than approximately 1 K. This result proves that the temperature difference between the electrodes can be supposed constant in constructing the temperature analysis model of the MCFC stack. This results also allows us to construct a two-dimensional heat production distribution in the cell plane and discrete heat production distribution in the stacking direction for the practical use of the temperature analysis model. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Enhancing thermal, electrical efficiencies of a miniature combustion-driven thermophotovoltaic system

PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS: RESEARCH & APPLICATIONS, Issue 7 2009
Yueh-Heng Li
Abstract Methods to enhance the thermal and electrical efficiencies through novel design of combustion and thermal management of the combustor in a miniature thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system are proposed, discussed, and demonstrated in this paper. The miniature TPV system consists of a swirling combustor surrounded by GaSb PV cell arrays. The swirl combustor design, along with a heat-regeneration reverse tube and mixing-enhancing porous-medium fuel injection, improves the low illumination and incomplete combustion problems associated with typical miniature TPV systems. A reverse tube is used to enforce swirling flame attachment to the inner wall of the emitter by pushing the swirl recirculation zone back into the chamber and simultaneously redirecting the hot product gas for reheating the outer surface of the emitter. The porous medium fuel injector is used as a fuel/air mixing enhancer and as a flame stabilizer to anchor the flame. The miniature TPV system, using different combustor configurations, is tested and discussed. Results indicate that the proposed swirling combustor with a reverse tube and porous medium can improve the intensity and uniformity of the emitter illumination, and can increase the thermal radiant efficiency. Consequently, the overall thermal efficiency and electrical output of the miniature TPV system are greatly enhanced. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]