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Electrical Equipment (electrical + equipment)
Selected AbstractsPower quality state estimationEUROPEAN TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL POWER, Issue 1 2010Neville R. Watson Abstract Due to the size and complexity of modern electrical power networks and the cost of monitoring and telecommunication equipment, it is unfeasible to fully monitor the system state. For this reason state estimation techniques are used. With strategically placed measurements, estimation techniques can determine the parameters at unmonitored locations. Fundamental frequency state estimation is now a standard tool in modern power systems. The emission and immunity levels of modern electrical equipment are different to that of the past, and this has resulted in power quality issues have become important. Knowledge of the source and location of the disturbances is desirable so that remedial action can be taken promptly. Recent contributions have extended the concept to: harmonic state estimation (HSE) and identification of harmonic sources, transient state estimation (TSE) and voltage sag state estimation (VSSE), which are all types of power quality state estimation (PQSE). This paper provides an overview of the state-of-the-art techniques currently available for PQSE in a large electrical power system. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Macroscopic Single-Walled-Carbon-Nanotube Fiber Self-Assembled by Dip-Coating MethodADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 43 2009Eui Yun Jang Pure macroscopic single-walled-carbon-nanotube (SWNT) fibers are fabricated by using a dip-coating method without any additive or additional electrical equipment or complex apparatus. The present method only utilizes microfluidics, which includes capillary condensation, capillary flow, and surface tension, and results in the self-assembly and self-alignment of SWNT colloids. [source] Technologies for Energy Saving in Industrial FieldIEEJ TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING, Issue 2 2008Fumio Nakatani Senior Member Abstract This paper summarizes practical and developed techniques and technologies for energy saving in the industrial field. Newly developed high-efficiency electrical equipment or combined technologies, which are about ,power electronics', ,microcomputers' and ,motion control' in addition to the progress of sensing devices and monitoring systems, bring both energy saving and high productivity in the factory. The technology trend of new factory facilities is concerned about changing power sources from pneumatic (compressed air) or hydraulic power (oil system) to electrical direct-driven servomotor systems, which have the technical characteristics of fine-grained and regenerative control. These technologies are able to reduce and recover idling (standby) power consumption during the holding period at the production stage in the factory. The items in this paper were published as Technical Report No. 988 in January 11, 2004 by IEEJ, and that report is reviewed and updated in this paper. Copyright © 2008 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [source] Death due to electrocution in childhood and early adolescenceJOURNAL OF PAEDIATRICS AND CHILD HEALTH, Issue 1 2003RW Byard Objectives: To delineate the clinicopathological features of fatal childhood electrocutions and to identify specific risk factors. Methods: Coronial files in Adelaide (Australia) were searched from 1967 to 2001 and Medical Examiners' files in San Diego (USA) were searched from 1988 to 2001, for cases of deaths of children and adolescents younger than 16 years attributed to electrocution. Results: Sixteen cases were identified aged between 10 months and 15 years (mean 8.0 years) with a male : female ratio of 5 : 3. Deaths were due to accidents occurring while playing with or near faulty electrical equipment at home or at school (n = 8), electrical equipment while in the bath (n = 2), damaged outdoor electrical equipment (n = 1), overhead wires (n = 1), and a high voltage electricity substation (n = 1). In addition, one death was due to suicide involving an electrical appliance placed in a bath, and two other deaths occurred in older children who were moving equipment under overhead wires. No homicides were identified. Conclusions: Childhood deaths due to electrocution are rare and are more likely to occur when children are playing around electrical wires or equipment, and often result from either faulty apparatus, or a lack of understanding of the potential dangers involved. The majority of deaths (11/16; 69%) occur in the home environment. In contrast to adult electrical deaths, high-voltage electrocutions, suicides and workplace deaths are uncommon. Strategies for eliminating childhood electrocution should concentrate on ensuring safe domestic environments with properly maintained electrical devices. [source] Consideration of magnetically-induced and conservative electric fields within a loaded gradient coilMAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE, Issue 6 2006Weihua Mao Abstract We present a method to calculate the electric (E)-fields within and surrounding a human body in a gradient coil, including E-fields induced by the changing magnetic fields and "conservative" E-fields originating with the scalar electrical potential in the coil windings. In agreement with previous numerical calculations, it is shown that magnetically-induced E-fields within the human body show no real concentration near the surface of the body, where nerve stimulation most often occurs. Both the magnetically-induced and conservative E-fields are shown to be considerably stronger just outside the human body than inside it, and under some circumstances the conservative E-fields just outside the body can be much larger than the magnetically-induced E-fields there. The order of gradient winding and the presence of conductive RF shield can greatly affect the conservative E-field distribution in these cases. Though the E-fields against the outer surface of the body are not commonly considered, understanding gradient E-fields may be important for reasons other than peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS), such as potential interaction with electrical equipment. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Circumstances of fatal lockout/tagout-related injuries in manufacturingAMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 10 2008Maria T. Bulzacchelli PhD Abstract Background Over the past few decades, hundreds of manufacturing workers have suffered fatal injuries while performing maintenance and servicing on machinery and equipment. Using lockout/tagout procedures could have prevented many of these deaths. Methods A narrative text analysis of OSHA accident investigation report summaries was conducted to describe the circumstances of lockout/tagout-related fatalities occurring in the US manufacturing industry from 1984 to 1997. Results The most common mechanisms of injury were being caught in or between parts of equipment, electrocution, and being struck by or against objects. Typical scenarios included cleaning a mixer or blender, cleaning a conveyor, and installing or disassembling electrical equipment. Lockout procedures were not even attempted in the majority (at least 58.8%) of fatal incidents reviewed. Conclusions Lockout/tagout-related fatalities occur under a wide range of circumstances. Enhanced training and equipment designs that facilitate lockout and minimize worker contact with machine parts may prevent many lockout/tagout-related injuries. Am. J. Ind. Med. 51:728,734, 2008. Published 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] |