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Effective Intervention Strategies (effective + intervention_strategy)
Selected AbstractsThe effects of traumatic experiences on the infant,mother relationship in the former war zones of central Mozambique: The case of madzawde in GorongosaINFANT MENTAL HEALTH JOURNAL, Issue 5 2003Victor Igreja This article addresses the ways in which years of war and periods of serious drought have affected the cultural representations of the populations in Gorongosa District, Mozambique. In the wake of these events different cultural and historical representations have been disrupted, leaving the members of these communities with fragmented protective and resilience factors to cope effectively. Emphasis is placed on the disruption of madzawde, a mechanism that regulates the relationship between the child (one to two years of life) and the mother, and the family in general. The war, aggravated by famine, prevented the populations from performing this child-rearing practice. Nearly a decade after the war ended, the posttraumatic effects of this disruption are still being observed both by traditional healers and health-care workers at the district hospital. The results suggest that this disruption is affecting and compromising the development of the child and the physical and psychological health of the mother. An in-depth understanding of this level of trauma and posttraumatic effects is instrumental in making a culturally sensitive diagnosis and in developing effective intervention strategies based on local knowledge that has not been entirely lost but is nonetheless being questioned. ©2003 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health. [source] The Role of Lay Perceptions of Ethnic Prejudice in the Maintenance and Perpetuation of Ethnic BiasJOURNAL OF SOCIAL ISSUES, Issue 3 2006Victoria M. Esses This article discusses the role of lay perceptions of ethnic prejudice in the maintenance and perpetuation of prejudicial attitudes. We first discuss the importance of lay beliefs about ethnic prejudice for understanding processes underlying prejudice and its reduction. We also discuss the potential relations between two individual differences,social dominance orientation and right-wing authoritarianism,and these beliefs. Next, we describe the research that we have conducted on lay perceptions of ethnic prejudice, including perceptions of causes of prejudice, solutions to prejudice, and the inevitability and justifiability of prejudice. This research demonstrates that individuals who are high in social dominance orientation and, to a lesser extent, right-wing authoritarianism, hold beliefs which may serve to maintain and perpetuate prejudicial attitudes. We conclude by discussing the implications of these findings for developing effective intervention strategies. [source] Sedentarism: A Concept AnalysisNURSING FORUM, Issue 3 2005Richard Ricciardi MS TOPIC.,Concept analysis of sedentarism. PURPOSE.,To analyze the concept of sedentarism and provide a definition and model of sedentarism to guide practice and research. SOURCES.,Published literature. CONCLUSIONS.,Prevention and treatment of sedentarism is a priority for healthcare providers serving all developmental groups. Research is urgently needed to describe the prevalence, risk factors, and consequences of sedentarism, and to identify the most effective intervention strategies and public policy changes to promote a physically active lifestyle. [source] The effects of traditional and computer-aided instruction on promoting independent skin care in adults with paraplegiaOCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2003Associate Professor, Joseph M. Pellerito Jr MS, OTR Interim Chairperson Abstract This study aimed to explore the viability of using computer-aided instruction (CAI) as an educational tool for promoting independent skin care in adults with paraplegia. There is a need to identify effective intervention strategies that provide health education for skin care management and the prevention of pressure ulcers for individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI). There continues to be tremendous financial and personal costs associated with the treatment of pressure ulcers and the prevalence of skin breakdown among the SCI population, despite traditional educational methods. The methodology used in this study evaluated to what degree CAI assisted individuals with paraplegia to acquire knowledge and demonstrate skills necessary for optimal skin care. Results were obtained using a multiple baseline across subjects approach including an ABC (for two subjects) and an AC (for one subject) single case experimental design. Results indicated that CAI was more effective than traditional educational methods in increasing the initiation and performance of pressure-relieving techniques. Limitations in this study include the possibility of carryover effects, relatively short time periods for baseline and treatment conditions, and extraneous variables that were difficult to control such as the participants' level of motivation and cooperation. Further study using a larger group design with a control group is recommended to explore the effects CAI has on promoting optimal skin care among adults with paraplegia. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd. [source] Applying Darwinian principles in designing effective intervention strategies: The case of sun tanningPSYCHOLOGY & MARKETING, Issue 7 2006Gad Saad Public-service announcements typically seek to educate consumers regarding a given unhealthy practice, the assumption being that individuals will cease the harmful behavior once they are fully informed. Many intervention strategies have failed in curbing the targeted behaviors because these are not due to incomplete information but instead may also have a Darwinian-based etiology. Using sunbathing as a case analysis, it is shown how Darwinian theorizing (evolutionary psychology, life-history theory, gene-culture co-evolution, and memetic theory) can augment social marketers' ability to develop efficacious intervention strategies. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] The prevalence of domestic violence in pregnant womenBJOG : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 3 2003J.K. Johnson Objective To determine the prevalence of domestic violence in a population of pregnant women. Design Questionnaire survey. Setting Antenatal booking clinic in a north of England hospital. Population Five hundred consecutive women were included. Methods Anonymous confidential questionnaire to women who were not accompanied by their partners. Main outcome measures Disclosure of a past history of physical, emotional or sexual abuse. Results Four hundred and seventy-five questionnaires were returned (95% response rate). The prevalence of domestic violence was 17%. Domestic violence was highest in the age group 26,30 years and boyfriends were the main perpetrators. Punching and slapping were the most common pattern of violence, and 10% of women experiencing domestic violence had had forced sexual activity. Conclusion The prevalence of domestic violence in a cohort of pregnant women in the north of England was 17%. Consideration should be given for routine screening for domestic violence in pregnancy to institute effective intervention strategies. [source] | ||||||||||