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Effective Elastic Moduli (effective + elastic_modulus)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Engineering40%

Selected Abstracts

Frictional granular mechanics: A variational approach

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING, Issue 10 2010
R. Holtzman
Abstract The mechanical properties of a cohesionless granular material are evaluated from grain-scale simulations. Intergranular interactions, including friction and sliding, are modeled by a set of contact rules based on the theories of Hertz, Mindlin, and Deresiewicz. A computer-generated, three-dimensional, irregular pack of spherical grains is loaded by incremental displacement of its boundaries. Deformation is described by a sequence of static equilibrium configurations of the pack. A variational approach is employed to find the equilibrium configurations by minimizing the total work against the intergranular loads. Effective elastic moduli are evaluated from the intergranular forces and the deformation of the pack. Good agreement between the computed and measured moduli, achieved with no adjustment of material parameters, establishes the physical soundness of the proposed model. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Three-dimensional models of elastostatic deformation in heterogeneous media, with applications to the Eastern California Shear Zone

GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2009
Sylvain Barbot
SUMMARY We present a semi-analytic iterative procedure for evaluating the 3-D deformation due to faults in an arbitrarily heterogeneous elastic half-space. Spatially variable elastic properties are modelled with equivalent body forces and equivalent surface traction in a ,homogenized' elastic medium. The displacement field is obtained in the Fourier domain using a semi-analytic Green function. We apply this model to investigate the response of 3-D compliant zones (CZ) around major crustal faults to coseismic stressing by nearby earthquakes. We constrain the two elastic moduli, as well as the geometry of the fault zones by comparing the model predictions to Synthetic Aperture Radar inferferometric (InSAR) data. Our results confirm that the CZ models for the Rodman, Calico and Pinto Mountain faults in the Eastern California Shear Zone (ECSZ) can explain the coseismic InSAR data from both the Landers and the Hector Mine earthquakes. For the Pinto Mountain fault zone, InSAR data suggest a 50 per cent reduction in effective shear modulus and no significant change in Poisson's ratio compared to the ambient crust. The large wavelength of coseismic line-of-sight displacements around the Pinto Mountain fault requires a fairly wide (,1.9 km) CZ extending to a depth of at least 9 km. Best fit for the Calico CZ, north of Galway Dry Lake, is obtained for a 4 km deep structure, with a 60 per cent reduction in shear modulus, with no change in Poisson's ratio. We find that the required effective rigidity of the Calico fault zone south of Galway Dry Lake is not as low as that of the northern segment, suggesting along-strike variations of effective elastic moduli within the same fault zone. The ECSZ InSAR data is best explained by CZ models with reduction in both shear and bulk moduli. These observations suggest pervasive and widespread damage around active crustal faults. [source]

On the integral representation formula for a two-component elastic composite

MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN THE APPLIED SCIENCES, Issue 6 2006
Miao-Jung Ou
Abstract The aim of this paper is to derive, in the Hilbert space setting, an integral representation formula for the effective elasticity tensor for a two-component composite of elastic materials, not necessarily well-ordered. This integral representation formula implies a relation which links the effective elastic moduli to the N -point correlation functions of the microstructure. Such relation not only facilitates a powerful scheme for systematic incorporation of microstructural information into bounds on the effective elastic moduli but also provides a theoretical foundation for inverse-homogenization. The analysis presented in this paper can be generalized to an n -component composite of elastic materials. The relations developed here can be applied to the inverse-homogenization for a special class of linear viscoelastic composites. The results will be presented in another paper. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Effective elastic properties of the double-periodically cracked plates

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL METHODS IN GEOMECHANICS, Issue 15 2005
G. S. Wang
Abstract In this paper, the interaction of double-periodical cracks is accurately solved based on the isolating analysis procedure, superposition principle, pseudo-traction method, Chebyshev polynomial expansion and crack-surface collocation technique. The jump displacement crossing crack faces, the average additional strain and therefore the effective compliance of the double-periodically cracked plate are directly determined. The numerical results for axial-symmetrically distributed double-periodical cracks, general double-periodical cracks with one collinear direction as well as two sets of double-periodical cracks with same size and square distribution are given in this paper. And the partial typical numerical results are compared with the previous works. The analysis shows that the anisotropy induced by the general double-periodical cracks is generally not orthogonal anisotropy. Only when the double-periodical cracks are axial-symmetrically distributed, is the anisotropy orthogonal. In this special cases, the effective engineering constants (consist of effective elastic modulus, the effective Poisson's ratio, the effective shear modulus) of cracked plate versus crack spacing, in the plane stress and plane strain conditions, respectively, are analysed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Tensile properties and damage behaviors of glass-bead-filled modified polyphenylene oxide under large strain

POLYMER COMPOSITES, Issue 6 2001
C. P. Tsui
Based on Continuum Damage Mechanics (CDM), a damage model for glass-bead-filled modified polyphenylene oxide (GB/PPO) has been proposed to describe its damage behavior at various levels of tensile strain by considering the reduction of effective loading area. Hence, an equation for prediction of effective elastic modulus of the damaged GB/PPO composites in terms of the three principal true strains was derived. The tensile properties and damage behaviors of the GB/PPO composites with different volume percentages of glass beads were investigated using standard tensile tests and load-unload tests, respectively. The addition of glass beads increases Young's modulus of PPO but has a weakening effect on its tensile strength. A maximum value of tensile work to break and tensile strain at break was found when 5 vol% of glass beads with a mean diameter of 11 ,m was blended with PPO. These results were justified through microscopic examination of the fracture surfaces of the tensile specimens by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In - situ observations of the strain damage processes were made through the SEM equipped with a tensile stage to determine the strain at fully debonding of glass beads. The volumetric strain of GB/PPO composites increases because of microcavitation during strain damage. In general, the prediction for the effective elastic modulus of the damaged GB/PPO composites at different true strains is slightly higher than the experimental results. The damage evolution rates after fully debonding of glass beads from the matrix are close to those predicted by the proposed damage model. [source]