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Efficient Application (efficient + application)
Selected AbstractsStandardization Protocols and Optimized Precursor Sets for the Efficient Application of Automated Parallel Synthesis to Lead Optimization: A Mitsunobu Example.CHEMINFORM, Issue 5 2003Robert G. Gentles Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text. [source] Predicting pressure ulcer risk: a multifactorial approach to assess risk factors in a large university hospital populationJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 1 2009Michael Nonnemacher Aims., The purpose of this study was: (1) to determine the combination of risk factors which best predicts the risk of developing pressure ulcers among inpatients in an acute care university hospital; (2) to determine the appropriate weight for each risk factor; and (3) to derive a concise and easy-to-use risk assessment tool for daily use by nursing staff. Background., Efficient application of preventive measures against pressure ulcers requires the identification of patients at risk. Adequate risk assessment tools are still needed because the predictive value of existing tools is sometimes unsatisfactory. Design., Survey. Methods., A sample of 34,238 cases admitted to Essen University Clinics from April 2003 and discharged up to and including March 2004, was enrolled into the study. Nursing staff recorded data on pressure ulcer status and potential risk factors on admission. Predictors were identified and weighted by multivariate logistic regression. We derived a risk assessment scale from the final logistic regression model by assigning point values to each predictor according to its individual weight. Results., The period prevalence rate of pressure ulcers was 1·8% (625 cases). The analysis identified 12 predictors for developing pressure ulcers. With the optimum cut-off point sensitivity and specificity were 83·4 and 83·1%, respectively, with a positive predictive value of 8·4% and a negative predictive value of 99·6%. The diagnostic probabilities of the derived scale were similar to those of the original regression model. Conclusions., The predictors mostly correspond to those used in established scales, although the use of weighted factors is a partly novel approach. Both the final regression model and the derived scale show good prognostic validity. Relevance to clinical practice., The derived risk assessment scale is an easy-to-understand, easy-to-use tool with good prognostic validity and can assist in effective application of preventive measures against pressure ulcer. [source] Geothermal energy systems for major projects , design and construction / . Geothermieanlagen bei Großprojekten , Planung und UmsetzungGEOMECHANICS AND TUNNELLING, Issue 5 2010Dipl.-Ing. Geothermal energy - Geothermie Abstract The application of geothermal energy has increased in the last couple of years in order to provide the heating or cooling demands of major projects. Open systems using groundwater directly can be used for geothermal energy extraction as well as closed systems with absorber pipes installed in underground structures. An accurate design, which considers the requirements of the energy consumer in particular but also the subsoiland groundwater conditions, the foundation concept and the building structure, as well as project-specific technical, legal and economic conditions, is required for economically efficient application. Diligent supervision is necessary during the construction stage to avoid any damage to absorber pipes, which could result in loss of performance. Zur Deckung des Heiz- oder Kühlbedarfs bei Großprojekten wird in den letzten Jahren vermehrt auf eine Erdwärmenutzung gesetzt. Dabei kommen sowohl offene Systeme wie eine direkte Grundwassernutzung als auch geschlossene Systeme mit Absorberleitungen in erdberührten Bauteilen zur Anwendung. Für eine wirtschaftliche Umsetzung bedarf es zunächst einer sorgfältigen Planung, wobei insbesondere die Anforderungen des Nutzers, die Untergrund- und Grundwasserverhältnisse, das Gründungskonzept einschließlich der Gebäudestruktur sowie projektspezifische technische, rechtliche und wirtschaftliche Randbedingungen zu berücksichtigen sind. In der Bauphase ist für eine plangemäße Umsetzung mit besonderer Sorgfalt vorzugehen, um Beschädigungen der Absorberleitungen und somit Leistungsminderungen zu vermeiden. [source] Application of a genetic algorithm in an artificial neural network to calculate the resonant frequency of a tunable single-shorting-post rectangular-patch antennaINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RF AND MICROWAVE COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING, Issue 1 2005Shyam S. Pattnaik Abstract In this article, an efficient application of a genetic algorithm (GA) in an artificial neural network (ANN) to calculate the resonant frequency of a coaxially-fed tunable rectangular microstrip-patch antenna is presented. For a normal feed-forward back-propagation algorithm, with a compromise between time and accuracy, it is difficult to train the network to achieve an acceptable error tolerance. The selection of suitable parameters of ANNs in a feed-forward network leads to a high number of man-hours necessary to train a network efficiently. However, in the present method, the GA is used to reduce the man-hours while training a neural network using the feed forward-back-propagation algorithm. It is seen that the training time has also been reduced to a great extent while giving high accuracy. The results are in very good agreement with the experimental results. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2005. [source] | ||||||||||