Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Early Cancers (early + cancers)
Selected AbstractsRetrospective endoscopic study of developmental and configurational changes of early colorectal cancer: Eight cases and a review of the literatureDIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY, Issue 1 2004Toshiyuki Matsui Background:, A retrospective endoscopic follow-up study was conducted to elucidate the development of minute or superficial-type cancers. Methods:, The development of eight colorectal cancers that were followed up by endoscopy was evaluated. Results:, (i) Cancer with high-grade atypia frequently developed from lesions diagnosed histologically by biopsy as adenoma; (ii) two polypoid adenomas developed into invasive cancers with non-polypoid configuration; (iii) a superficial elevated-type cancer with high-grade atypia remained a mucosal cancer for more than 1 year; (iv) a superficial depressed (SD)-type cancer that had a concomitant adenomatous component grew slowly, maintaining the same configuration for more than 2 years. Another SD-type cancer grew rapidly to an advanced cancer; and (v) a superficial elevated adenoma developed into a IIa + IIc-type submucosally invasive cancer while maintaining the size of the initial tumor. From the analysis of the literature, 35 lesions were collected, but it was impossible to speculate which specific type of tumor grew rapidly. Conclusions:, From the endoscopic observations of the present study and the review of the literature, developments of superficial type cancers were diverse, sessile-type cancers with marked configurational change, and early cancers developed slowly, although the speed of their growth accelerated according to the downward invasion of the cancer. [source] Incidence and patterns of regional metastasis in early oral squamous cell cancers: Feasibility of submandibular gland preservationHEAD & NECK: JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES & SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, Issue 12 2009Ali Razfar BS Abstract Background. We aimed to study the incidence of metastasis to the submandibular gland (SMG) and to establish the oncologic basis of SMG preservation in early-stage cancer of the oral cavity (OSCC). Methods. This was a retrospective study of 261 patients with OSCC treated primarily with surgery at a tertiary medical center. One hundred thirty-two early-stage (T1-2, N0) OSCCs were further analyzed. Results. The mean age was 59 years with male-to-female sex ratio of 1.4:1. Two hundred sixty-one neck dissections were performed with SMG removal in 253 patients. One patient with an advanced floor of mouth cancer had obvious infiltration of the SMG. Only 2.5% (3 of 116) patients with early-stage OSCC had level I metastasis; none had SMG metastases. Conclusion. SMG preservation in early cancers (T1-2, N0) of the oral cavity should be feasible unless there is evidence of direct invasion of the gland or close proximity of the cancer to it. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009 [source] Preventable but not prevented: the reality of cervical cancer,JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY RESEARCH (ELECTRONIC), Issue 5 2003Usha B. Saraiya Abstract Introduction: The incidence of invasive cervical cancer has decreased in the last 50 years in the developed countries substantially due to the use of routine pap smears. However, in the Asia,Oceanic region it continues to be high as screening programs are not established. Credit for starting cytology services in India goes to Professor P.N. Wahi of Agra. He became Founder President when about 34 cytologists got together in 1970 to form the Indian Academy of Cytologists. Since then cytology has spread through all parts of India. The Cytology Clinic in Cama & Albless Hospital was started in the same year. Since then over 100 000 women have been screened. Approximately 1200 cases of pre- and early cancers have been detected and treated. Since 1982 we are aware of the important role of human papillomavirus infection. We diagnose it by cytology and colposcopy and histology. Facilities for polymerase chain reaction, in-situ hybridization and other virology studies are not available to us. CO2 laser treatment is found particularly useful in multicentric human papillomavirus disease. Screening for the State of Maharashtra: Since 1984 we have planned for a screening program for our State. We have a population of 78.9 million. Approximately 15 million women in the age group of 35,64 years have to be screened. The health care infrastructure is good with 36 medical colleges and over 35 district hospitals. Screening is planned in phases. Trained personnel are the key to a successful program. In the final analysis, cervical cancer is not just a biomedical disease. It has socio-cultural and economic implications. [source] The Effects of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Esters on Protoporphyrin IX Production in Human Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines,PHOTOCHEMISTRY & PHOTOBIOLOGY, Issue 5 2001H. Brunner ABSTRACT Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) using 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA),induced protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) is an interesting approach to detect and treat dysplasia and early cancers in the gastrointestinal tract. Because of low lipophilicity resulting in poor penetration across cell membranes, high doses of ALA should be administered in order to reach clinically relevant levels of PPIX. One way of increasing PPIX accumulation is derivatization of ALA into a more lipophilic molecule. In our in vitro study, different esterifications of ALA were investigated to analyze the effects on PPIX accumulation in human adenocarcinoma cell lines. For systematic analysis of cell type,specific PPIX accumulation, three human adenocarcinoma cell lines (SW480, HT29 and CaCo2) and a fibroblast cell line (CCD18) were tested. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-biphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays were performed to ensure that the ALA esters showed no cellular dark toxicity. Different concentrations (ranging from 0.012 to 0.6 mmol/L, 3 h) and incubation times (5, 10, 30, 180 min; 0.12 mmol/L) were examined. PPIX accumulation was measured using flow cytometry. ALA esters, especially ALA-hexylester and ALA-benzylester, induced significant higher PPIX levels in adenocarcinoma cell lines when compared with ALA and may be promising candidates for PDT and PDD. [source] Natural orifice surgery: applications in colonic surgeryASIAN JOURNAL OF ENDOSCOPIC SURGERY, Issue 2 2010J. Leroy Abstract Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic abdominal surgery, or NOTES, allows invasive operations to be performed through a single or multiple natural-orifice approach either in isolation ("pure") or in combination with a transparietal ("hybrid") access format. Therefore, to facilitate a colonic or rectal resection, the transgastric, transrectal or transcolonic routes, as well as the transvaginal route in women, can all be used either alone or in combination. We are now performing resectional colonic techniques on our patients that have been inspired by this revolutionary concept, carefully planned with storyboarding and validated in porcine models with survival analysis. Adaptation of existing equipment along with the use of new instruments and some simple ideas, such as magnetic fields to retract and mobilize the colon, have allowed us to simplify and standardize the operative technique (the first steps to ensuring procedural reproducibility). Initial potential applications can easily be imagined for partial colonic resections for voluminous benign polyps and for small early cancers, but these applications may extend to incorporate inflammatory bowel diseases such as diverticular disease of the sigmoid colon. For these techniques to further improve and the concept to become a concrete reality, a change in current surgical practice is required, and conventional laparoscopic techniques must be understood to represent a point along the evolutional development of surgery and not considered the final destination. However, as important as technical capacity is, due consideration and assurance of oncological and immunological propriety is essential, as is the issue of clarifying precise patient harm:benefit risk ratios. [source] Intra-tumoral interleukin-6 down-regulation system and genetic mutations of tumor suppressor genes in colorectal carcinomaCANCER, Issue 5 2002Chikao Miki M.D. Abstract BACKGROUND The interleukin (IL)-1-IL-6 network, the most potent cascade of pro-inflammatory cytokines, plays an autocrine role in tumor growth. The IL-1-IL-6 network is down-regulated by a phased cytokine inhibitor IL-1 receptor antagonist (ra) and an anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The current study evaluated this down-regulation system in colorectal carcinoma and its relation to the genetic alteration of tumor suppressor genes. METHODS Seventy-four specimens of primary colorectal carcinoma and normal mucosa were collected to measure tissue concentrations of cytokines. Polymerase chain reaction amplification was performed to investigate the loss of heterozygosity of the microsatellite markers on chromosomes 17p and 18q. RESULTS The IL-1ra/IL-6 ratio in the carcinoma specimens was lower than ratios in adenomas and normal mucosae and decreased with disease progression. The IL-1ra/IL-6 ratio in early cancers tended to be lower than that in adenomas and normal mucosae. However, the tissue concentrations of IL-1, and IL-10 were not associated with any clinicopathologic parameters. The tissue IL-1ra concentration correlated with that of IL-6 only in adenomas and early cancers. Immunohistochemically, IL-1ra and IL-6 were localized in the tumor cytoplasm. A reduced tissue IL-1ra/IL-6 ratio in the carcinomas correlated with poor prognosis and was associated with the loss of heterozygosity of the microsatellite markers on chromosomes 18q. CONCLUSIONS There is an IL-6-IL-1ra network system in colorectal tumors, but this system deteriorates with carcinogenesis and tumor growth. The deterioration of this network system was associated with the allelic loss of a portion of chromosome 18q, reflecting the genetic alteration of tumor suppressor genes. Cancer 2002;94:1584,92. © 2002 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.10324 [source] ,When will I see you again?' Using local recurrence data to develop a regimen for routine surveillance in post-treatment head and neck cancer patientsCLINICAL OTOLARYNGOLOGY, Issue 6 2009S.E. Lester Objective:, To develop an evidence-based regimen for routine surveillance of post-treatment head and neck cancer patients. Design:, Review of 10 years of prospectively collected patient data. Main outcome measures:, Time of first presentation of ,new cancer event' (either first recurrence or second primary tumour). We did not evaluate whether or not the detected new cancer events were curable. Results:, Data from patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx, oropharynx and hypopharynx were analysed. A total of 676 previously undiagnosed squamous cell carcinomas were recorded in these regions. In these patients there were 105 recurrences and 20 second primary cancers were recorded; 95th percentile of "time to a new cancer event" was calculated in years. These were for larynx 4.7 years, oropharynx 2.7 years, hypopharynx 2.3 years. The time to new cancer event was similar for early and late laryngeal cancers. Only 36 (47%) of the hypopharyngeal cancers were treated with curative intent and of these 36% had a previously undiagnosed cancer event. Conclusion:, Local data and published evidence support a follow-up duration of 7 years for laryngeal primaries and 3 years for both oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal primaries. Late stage oropharyngeal cancers may require longer follow up than early cancers. Patients who continue to smoke may need longer follow up. A change in local follow-up protocol to this regimen would save 10 patient slots every week with no detriment to patient care. Clin. Otolaryngol. 2009, 34, 546,551. [source] | ||||||||||