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EU System (eu + system)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	50%

Selected Abstracts

Democracy through Strong Publics in the European Union?

JCMS: JOURNAL OF COMMON MARKET STUDIES, Issue 3 2002
Erik Oddvar Eriksen
This article explores the democratizing role of strong publics, which are institutionalized bodies of deliberation and decision,making. Strong publics are important to modern democracy as they subject decision,making to justificatory debate. This article evaluates selected aspects of the institutional nexus of the EU in order to see if they qualify as strong publics. The focus is on comitology, the European Parliament and the Charter Convention. These bodies vary in their status as strong publics, but to various degrees they all inject the logic of impartial justification and reason,giving into the EU system. [source]

Klimapolitik: Kyoto-Protokoll und Emissionshandel für CO2 -Zertifikate in der EU1

PERSPEKTIVEN DER WIRTSCHAFTSPOLITIK, Issue 3 2005
Wolfgang Ströbele
Also every economist knows that the institutional conditions and the rules of the game are important. This basic idea stood behind the introduction of a CO2 -emissions trading system within the European Community starting in 2005. Since the starting point is the Kyoto-protocol with its subset of relevant states involved and the rules agreed upon there, one must ask whether the EU CO2-trading system is really an instrument that helps to reach the Kyoto goals more efficiently. A positive answer to this question is very doubtful. The new European subsystem is only valid for CO2 while Kyoto knows six greenhouse gases, the EU trading periods are 2005,2007 and 2008,2012 while Kyoto is only relevant for the second period, the integration with all flexible instruments of Kyoto is not guaranteed from the beginning. The plants involved are power plants and plants with high energy intensity. Since the technological levels of these plants are rather similar in Europe, the difference in marginal abatement cost will not be large enough to offset the rather high transaction cost of the special EU system. Furthermore, the heating systems and small scale plants of industry are not included in the trading system. The same holds true for traffic, households and the service sector. Drawing a borderline between CO2 -policy there and the trading activities will cause inefficiencies. If CO2 -prices are high, the main incentive of the trading system will be a large shift from domestic production to production abroad without any CO2 -restrictions. Leakage-effects will then be dominant. With low CO2 -prices the special European bureaucratic system will not create enough efficiency gains to cover the trading system's cost. [source]

Do EU direct payments to beef producers belong in the ,blue box'?

AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS, Issue 1 2003
Seamus McErlean
In the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture, so-called ,blue box' support measures were exempted from reduction commitments, provided they were delivered under ,production-limiting' programs. Although classified as ,blue box', the EU system of direct payments (DP) to beef farmers imposes ,claim-limiting' restrictions rather than ,production-limiting' restrictions, allowing farmers to keep additional animals over and above the number upon which they are eligible to claim DP. The present paper provides empirical evidence that EU direct payments capitalise into the market prices of male calves and young steers in Ireland. It is also likely that DP capitalises into the prices of beef cows and heifers. Given this capitalisation process, some farmers can obtain ,capitalised' DP on animals produced over and above the ,claim-limiting' restrictions, by selling these animals through auction markets. Thus, ,capitalised' DP probably encourages production over and above the limiting measures. [source]

Strong Eu emission of annealed Y2O3:Eu nanotube and nano-sized crystals

PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (B) BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 13 2004
Masami Sekita
Abstract We have observed a drastic increase of the Eu3+ emission intensity by annealing nanotubes and nano-sized hexagonal-mesostructured crystals of the Y2O3:Eu system together with bulk samples. It is found that there are three Eu3+ sites in all samples. Stark splitting schemes are proposed for the three homogeneous sites. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source]