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Eating Habits (eating + habit)
Selected AbstractsObesity: the science behind the managementINTERNAL MEDICINE JOURNAL, Issue 5-6 2002K. Steinbeck Abstract The prevalence of obesity is increasing in Western and Westernizing countries. The changing environment plays a major role in this increase, particularly the reduction in physical activity. There is also a strong genetic contribution to the development of obesity, although single-gene defect obesity is rare. Neither the environment nor genes is simple to modify. Obesity is an energy-balance disorder, and the human body has evolved to resist any loss of body fat. This biological drive to maintain weight is coordinated through central pathways, with the involvement of many neuropeptides. Thus, dietary restriction will induce changes designed to counter weight loss, including a fall in resting metabolic rate. The management of obesity demands reasonable goals, which focus on metabolic, rather than cosmetic, improvement. As obesity is a complex condition, multiple therapeutic strategies are required. Dietary modification, an increase in physical activity, a reduction in sedentary activity and behaviour modification all form the basis of obesity therapy. Drug therapy options at present are limited and may have a stronger role in weight maintenance. Currently, surgical management of obesity has the best long-term outcomes. Long-term maintenance of weight loss is achieved by few individuals. Those individuals who are successful are able to maintain long-term restrictive eating habits and high levels of physical activity. (Intern Med J 2002; 32: 237,241) [source] The golden age of protein: initial teacher trainee's perception of food and eatingINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONSUMER STUDIES, Issue 3 2003Liz Lakin We make use of proteins in all aspects of our daily lives from soft-centred sweets to biological washing powders, yet we often misunderstand their fundamental role in our diet. This paper will draw on the findings of a three-phase research project into initial teacher trainee's perception of food and eating. Trainees demonstrated several similar misconceptions about the food they eat and in particular, the role of proteins. Examples included the role of proteins as an energy source, the relationship between proteins, amino acids and nitrogen and the role of DNA in synthesising proteins. These misconceptions were often translated into practice in the diet the trainees consumed and the messages they passed on, with confidence, to their pupils. In addition to the misconceptions, teaching approaches used by the trainees were highly mechanistic, with little reference being given to the relationship between food and the circumstances in which it is eaten. The relationship between dietary intake and exercise/circumstance is explored in secondary schools within food technology lessons. Often, however, it is too late to rectify the deeply entrenched misconceptions, attitudes and eating habits that school children have developed in their primary years. This paper makes the firm recommendation that we should reconsider the dietary messages we are sending out either directly or indirectly, to children. It emphasises the need to relate teaching and learning to everyday experiences. The paper concludes by suggesting possible strategies by which this may be achieved, with the protein featuring centre-stage. [source] Anorexia nervosa and obsessive-compulsive disorder in a prepubertal patient with bone dysplasia: A case reportINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue 3 2005Luisa Lázaro MD Abstract Objective The current article describes the case of a 13-year-old girl with body dysplasia, anorexia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Method She was given cognitive-behavioral therapy and pharmacologic treatment for the obsessive-compulsive symptomatology and exogenous growth hormone to increase her height. Results She experienced an adequate weight and height increase and remission of obsessive-compulsive symptomatology, and reestablished adequate social and academic functioning. Conclusion After a follow-up of almost 2 years, she had had her menarche, continued her positive eating habits, and had not relapsed into OCD. © 2005 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Exercise and Diet Beliefs of Overweight Women Participating in an Exercise and Diet Program: An Elicitation Study Using the Theory of Planned Behavior,JOURNAL OF APPLIED BIOBEHAVIORAL RESEARCH, Issue 3 2004Rebecca Ellis Gardner The purpose of this study was to examine the exercise and diet beliefs of overweight women using the theory of planned behavior. Participants were 104 overweight community women and university students who completed a 4-week exercise and diet program. The most salient exercise beliefs for the participants were (a) increased motivation, structure and accountability, and social support (behavioral beliefs); (b) job or school responsibilities and traveling (control beliefs); and (c) group members and the program trainer (normative beliefs). The most salient diet beliefs were (a) improved eating habits and convenience (behavioral beliefs), (b) lack of control over food preparation and inconvenience (control beliefs), and (c) family and spouse or significant other (normative beliefs). These results are discussed in comparison to beliefs held by different populations and in regard to implications for intervention design. [source] CONSUMER ACCEPTANCE AND PURCHASE INTENT OF A NOVEL LOW-FAT SUGAR-FREE SHERBET CONTAINING SOY PROTEINJOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY, Issue 2010J. WALKER ABSTRACT This research was designed to develop low-fat sugar-free frozen sherbet products containing an acceptable level of soy protein (SP) recommended by the Food and Drug Administration and to determine consumer sensory profile driving consumer acceptance and purchase intent. Four orange-flavored sherbets were manufactured using four levels of SP isolate (6.0, 6.5, 7.5 and 7.9 g/serving) and evaluated by 140 consumers. Consumers evaluated each sample for acceptability of appearance/color, flavor, sweetness, sourness, texture/mouthfeel and overall liking. Consumers also evaluated overall acceptance and purchase intent of these products. All four formulations were overall different (multivariate analysis of variance, Pr > F = 0.0003). Appearance and sweetness were not used by the consumers to differentiate among the four sherbet formulations. Formulations with 7.9 g and 6.0 g SP were equally liked with the mean overall liking score of 5.60,5.66. Formulation with 6.0 g SP had the highest acceptance (65.0%) and purchase intent (55.7%) after consumers had been informed of soy health benefits. Specifically, overall liking and texture were identified as the two most critical attributes affecting overall acceptance and purchase intent of these products. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Consumer interest in healthy eating is increasing. Soy-based products have moved into the marketplace and are becoming increasingly popular. Consumers tend to associate consuming soy with healthy eating habits. In this study, consumer acceptability of low-fat sugar-free sherbets containing soy protein (SP) was evaluated. Development of a frozen dessert with SP would give consumers another venue to satisfy consumer's eating desire and provide them with the health benefits of soy. [source] Media use as a reason for meal skipping and fast eating in secondary school childrenJOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION & DIETETICS, Issue 2 2006J. Van den Bulck Abstract Objective, This study examined self-reported meal skipping and eating faster than usual with the goal of watching television or playing computer games. Method, Respondents reported their media use and indicated how often they skipped a meal to watch a favourite television programme or to play a computer game, and how often they ate faster than usual in order to watch television or play a computer game. Subjects, Respondents were 2546 adolescents of 13 (first year of secondary school) and 16 years (fourth year of secondary school) of age. Results, About one respondent in 10 skipped at least one meal every week for either television viewing or computer game playing. Weekly meal skipping for television viewing occurs more regularly in boys and first-year students, but particularly in teenagers who view 5 h or more daily (15% of the sample). The category of teenagers who play computer games four times a week or more (25.3% of the sample) is at increased risk of meal skipping; those who play more than four times a week are 10 times more likely weekly to skip a meal. A quarter of the adolescents eat faster at least once a week to be able to watch television or play a computer game. Regardless of gender and school year, teenagers' risk of eating faster progressively increases with their use of the media. Those who watch 4 h or more daily are about seven times more likely to skip a meal for television and those who play computer games at least four times a week are nine times more likely weekly to skip a meal. Conclusions, Unhealthy eating habits can be a side effect of heavy or excessive media use. Teenagers' use of television or game computers during nonworking or out-of-school hours partly displaces the amount of time that needs to be spent at meals. Practitioners and educators may try to encourage or restore a pattern of healthful meal consumption habits by reducing the amount of media use, and by supporting parental rule-making regarding children's eating habits and media use. [source] Addressing nutritional issues in the college-aged client: Strategies for the nurse practitionerJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS, Issue 1 2008FNP Family Nurse PractitionerArticle first published online: 2 JAN 200, Sarah E. Gores RN Abstract Purpose: To educate nurse practitioners (NPs) on the nutritional risks specific to the college-aged client and provide recommendations for interventions for this group. Data sources: Information was gathered through a literature search as well as the author's own experience. Conclusions: As young adults move into an independent living situation, there is a high risk for unhealthy eating habits. While this may not translate into the weight gain known as the "Freshman 15," this is the time period when young adults begin to cement their eating habits. Current research has found that students who gain weight during this period tend to continue a slow, steady gain in weight. Implications for practice: NPs must take every opportunity to provide guidance toward healthy eating habits. Most clients of this age group are seen infrequently by a primary care practitioner. Thus, each visit should be used to explore the topic with clients to minimize adverse outcomes in the future. [source] Risk of hepatitis A infection following travelJOURNAL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS, Issue 6 2002M. Ciccozzi summary.,Travel to endemic areas is one of the most frequently reported risk factors for infection with the hepatitis A virus (HAV). We evaluated the association between HAV infection and travel, by area of destination. We conducted a case,control study on all cases of HAV infection reported to the Italian National Surveillance System for Acute Viral Hepatitis in the period 1996,2000. The study population consisted of 9695 persons with HAV infection (cases) and 2590 with HBV infection (controls). The risk of acquiring HAV was highest for travel to Asia, Africa and Latin America [Odds Ratio=9.30 (95%CI=6.71,12.9)]; a three-fold statistically significant excess of risk was found for travel to southern Italy (OR=3.03) and to the Mediterranean Area and Eastern Europe (OR=3.15). Travel was implicated in 28% of the cases of HAV infection. When stratifying the analysis by area of residence (northern and central Italy vs southern Italy and the Islands), the above-mentioned risks were confirmed only for those residing in northern and central Italy, with no significant risk for those residing in southern Italy and the Islands. Travel to areas endemic for HAV infection constitutes a considerable risk. Our results highlight the importance of developing health policies for improving environmental and hygienic conditions, as well as the prevention of certain eating habits. Vaccination before travelling to a medium or high endemic area could be a safe and effective means of preventing travel-related HAV infection. [source] Using food experience, multimedia and role models for promoting fruit and vegetable consumption in Bangkok kindergarten childrenNUTRITION & DIETETICS, Issue 2 2010Chutima SIRIKULCHAYANONTA Abstract Aim:, To evaluate the use of food experience, multimedia and role models for promoting fruit and vegetable consumption in kindergarten children. Methods:, A quasi-experimental study was conducted. A Bangkok public primary school was randomly selected and one of the kindergarten levels was purposively chosen. Program implementation consisted of 11 activities over an eight-week period from July to September, 2003. Data on demographic variables, and types and amounts of fruit and vegetables consumed and frequency of fruit and vegetables served were collected before and after the intervention. Program evaluation consisted of an analysis of the pre- and post-test data. Results:, After the intervention, fruit and vegetable eating behaviour scores (median ± interquartile range) revealed significant changes from 3 ± 8 to 7 ± 8 for vegetables and 6 ± 8 to 9 ± 8 for fruit (P -value < 0.001); the different types of consumed vegetables were increased from two to four (P -value , 0.001); and the fruit and vegetable intake was significantly increased from 53 g to 77 g and from 11 g to 23 g respectively (P -value < 0.005). Conclusions:, Results of this pilot study were effective in increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in the kindergarten, however, longer-term evaluation and assessment of the impact on the home environment are required. The inclusion of nutrition education and instruction on healthy eating habits in the course curriculum combined with social support from teachers and families may improve and sustain fruit and vegetable eating behaviours. [source] Self-regulation of food advertising: what it can, could and cannot do to discourage unhealthy eating habits among childrenNUTRITION BULLETIN, Issue 4 2005C. Hawkes [source] Impact of diet and adiposity on circulating levels of sex hormone-binding globulin and androgensNUTRITION REVIEWS, Issue 9 2008Anne-Sophie Morisset This review summarizes studies on the effect of various diets on circulating androgen levels and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). Reduced caloric intake leading to significant weight loss increases SHBG levels regardless of diet composition, particularly in women. Cross-sectional studies show that dietary composition is generally not associated with SHBG levels independent of obesity level. No clear conclusion can be reached regarding the effect of various eating habits or dietary composition on circulating androgens. The evidence indicates that dietary effects on circulating SHBG, and possibly androgens, can be expected if body weight or fatness and/or insulin homeostasis are modulated. [source] Sleep health and lifestyle of elderly people in Ogimi, a village of longevityPSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES, Issue 3 2002KAZUHIKO TAIRA phd Abstract The study was conducted in the Prefecture of Longevity, Okinawa, on the elderly living in the village of Ogimi. It was revealed that those in the good sleep health group took short naps, a significantly fewer number fell into dozes, and a significantly greater number exercised regularly or walked. A significantly greater number of this group maintained regular eating habits over a 10-year span, and consumed more seaweed and fish. Participation in senior citizens' clubs was higher, reflecting high emotional adaptability. The study's results indicates a relationship between lifestyle and sleep health among the elderly, and suggest that deterioration of sleep health is related to physical and mental health. [source] Endobronchial foreign bodies in Vietnamese adults are related to eating habitsRESPIROLOGY, Issue 3 2010Lan Huu NGUYEN ABSTRACT Background and objective: A high percentage of bronchoscopically extracted foreign bodies in Ho Chi Minh City were pits of the sapote fruit, a finding previously unreported. This paper presents a review of foreign body extractions, which identifies the substances found, documents the diagnostic pathway and draws attention to the specific aspiration risk of the sapote pit. Methods: The records of 100 consecutive adults who were found to have a bronchial foreign body during flexible bronchoscopy were reviewed. Results: In 83% of patients, the foreign body extraction was performed more than 2 weeks after the aspiration had occurred. In only 34% of patients was the diagnosis of an aspirated foreign body considered early in the patient's clinical course. The most frequent foreign bodies found were sapote pits (41%), followed by small bones (38%). Foreign bodies were lodged more frequently in the right bronchial tree (64%). In 98% of patients, the foreign bodies were successfully removed with the flexible scope. There was one postoperative death, which was not ascribed to the procedure. Conclusions: Physicians need to consider foreign body aspirations when evaluating patients with recurrent pneumonia, unexplained cough or atelectasis. Awareness of this problem might lead to public health measures that could reduce the incidence of these aspirations. [source] Re-encountering Cuban Tastes in Australia,THE AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 1 2004Euridice T. Charon Cardona This paper explores the challenges presented to the everyday praxis of maintaining Cuban identity in the Australian context through an examination of the preparation and eating of Cuban food by migrants in Sydney. I argue that the very different demographic configuration of Cubans in Australia and the US is played out through the different experiences of eating. Cuban identity in the US contrasts markedly with the situation in NSW where the small population of Cubans focus on maintaining a Cuban world in their domestic space through the practice of eating Cuban food, rather than in the public domain. The struggle to find and prepare Cuban food in Australia reflects a distance and separation from homeland both spatially and temporally. The paper suggests that the eating habits of this group constitute a significant ethnic marker used by members of the group to differentiate themselves as Cubans in Australia. Additionally, I argue that the existence of a substantial multicultural and ethnic food market in Australia allows Cuban migrants to acquire the products needed for the Cuban cuisine, from shops primarily serving numerically larger ethnic groups. [source] Morphological Features of the Stomach of Malayan Pangolin, Manis javanicaANATOMIA, HISTOLOGIA, EMBRYOLOGIA, Issue 5 2010C. Nisa' With 6 figures Summary The morphology of the stomach of Malayan pangolin, Manis javanica was studied at macroscopic, light microscopic, and scanning electron microscopic levels. The stomach of M. javanica was C-shaped with short lesser curvature. At the oesophageal junction, the inner smooth muscle was thickened in the greater curvature side. The entire stomach was lined by a thick cornified stratified squamous epithelium, except at the duct orifices of glands and in the pyloric gland region. The wall of the fundus was thin and devoid of glands. The gastric glands consisted of mucous, oxyntic, and pyloric glands. The mucous glands were observed in the lesser curvature (Mg-L), in the greater curvature (Mg-G), and in the pyloric canal (Mg-C) respectively. The oxyntic glands were organized into gland mass, making an oval mound elevated to the gastric lumen, in the middle of the greater curvature. The oxyntic gland mass has a single common duct with opening directed to the pyloric side. This duct was surrounded by mucus gland (Mg-G). The pyloric glands were located caudal to the pylorus. There was no sphincter at the pyloric-duodenal junction. Large mucosal protuberance, the torus pyloricus was observed in the side of the lesser curvature of the pyloric canal. In the lumen of pyloric canal region, numerous spines and small pebbles were observed. The muscle layers in the wall of this region were considerably thickened. The present results on the stomach of M. javanica are thought to be closely related to the toothless and eating habits of this animal species. [source] Nutrition and exercise behavior among patients with bipolar disorder,BIPOLAR DISORDERS, Issue 5 2007Amy M Kilbourne Objectives:, There have been few comprehensive studies of nutrition and exercise behaviors among patients with bipolar disorder (BPD). Based on a national sample of patients receiving care in the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system, we compared nutrition and exercise behaviors among individuals diagnosed with BPD, others diagnosed with schizophrenia, and others who did not receive diagnoses of serious mental illness (SMI). Methods:, We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients who completed the VA's Large Health Survey of Veteran Enrollees section on health and nutrition in fiscal year (FY) 1999 and who either received a diagnosis of BPD (n = 2,032) or schizophrenia (n = 1,895), or were included in a random sample of non-SMI VA patients (n = 3,065). We compared nutrition and exercise behaviors using multivariable logistic regression, controlling for patient socio-economic and clinical factors, and adjusting for patients clustered by site using generalized estimating equations. Results:, Patients with BPD were more likely to report poor exercise habits, including infrequent walking (odds ratio, OR = 1.33, p < 0.001) or strength exercises (OR = 1.28, p < 0.001) than those with no SMI. They were also more likely to self-report suboptimal eating behaviors, including having fewer than two daily meals (OR = 1.32, p < 0.001) and having difficulty obtaining or cooking food (OR = 1.48, p < 0.001). Patients with BPD were also more likely to report having gained ,10 pounds in the past 6 months (OR = 1.59, p < 0.001) and were the least likely to report that their health care provider discussed their eating habits (OR = 0.84, p < 0.05) or physical activity (OR = 0.81, p < 0.01). Conclusions:, Greater efforts are needed to reduce the risk of poor nutrition and exercise habits among patients diagnosed with BPD. [source] International comparison of blood pressure and BMI values in schoolchildren aged 11,16 yearsACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 2 2010Á Baráth Abstract Aims:, This study comprised part of a larger cross-sectional survey performed in Hungary in the period 2005,2006, which was designed first to reveal the representative age-, gender- and height-specific percentile values for the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in Hungarian children aged 11,16 years. The second aim was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Methods:, Analyses were performed on 14 290 Hungarian children aged 11,16 years. All blood pressure (BP) measurements were made with a validated, automated, digital device. The criteria recommended by international guidelines were used. Results:, The prevalence of overweight and obesity among the Hungarian children was found to be 23.4% (3347 adolescents; International Obesity Task Force criteria). Previous studies have reported that the strongest correlation is observed between the BP values and weight, and our results are in accordance with this. Conclusions:, Regional differences in morphometry (different prevalences of overweight and obesity) and the genetic background, disparate eating habits and other cultural factors may account for the differences in BP levels during childhood. As the prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing worldwide, it is important that countries carefully monitor the weight and BP status of their children and adolescents. [source] Allergic reactions in the community: a questionnaire survey of members of the anaphylaxis campaignCLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY, Issue 6 2005A. Uguz Summary Background Allergic reactions to food are well recognized in both children and adults, but because of their relative infrequency their typical features may not be readily recognized by patients and their medical care givers who are not allergists. Objective We sought to investigate the circumstances and clinical characteristics of food allergies in adults and children in the community. Methods Self-completed questionnaire responses over a 6-month period from 109 members of the Anaphylaxis Campaign, the major British patient resource group for people who have suffered severe allergic reactions. Results One hundred and nine respondents reported 126 reactions during the study period. Seventy-five were children (under 16 years, median age 6 years at the time of reaction). Predictably more boys than girls were reported to have had reactions but more women reported reactions than men (P<0.05). Although the groups were equally aware of their food allergies the children had undergone diagnostic tests more often (P<0.001). Foods were implicated in 112 (89%) of reports. Restaurants were implicated less often (14%) than in other series, probably reflecting British eating habits. Children with asthma reported more severe reactions than those without asthma (P=0.008), although frequency or severity of recent asthma symptoms was not associated with severity of allergic reaction reported. When available, self-injectable adrenaline was used in 35% of severe reactions and 13% of non-severe reactions (P=0.01). A quarter of adults who received one dose of adrenaline also received a second dose. Conclusion The allergens implicated in this report reflect previous data from similar patient groups in North America. Asthmatic children suffer more severe reactions than non-asthmatic children. It appears that British adults need better access to expert care of their allergies. Even when it is prescribed and available self-injectable adrenaline appears under-used in severe reactions. The incidence of severe but non-fatal allergic reactions in the UK may have been underestimated in the past. [source] A novel scale for measuring mixed states in bipolar disorderCLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY (AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORY & PRACTICE), Issue 6 2009Jonathan Cavanagh Abstract Objectives: Conventional descriptions of bipolar disorder tend to treat the mixed state as something of an afterthought. There is no scale that specifically measures the phenomena of the mixed state. This study aimed to test a novel scale for mixed state in a clinical and community population of bipolar patients. Methods: The scale included clinically relevant symptoms of both mania and depression in a bivariate scale. Recovered respondents were asked to recall their last manic episode. The scale allowed endorsement of one or more of the manic and depressive symptoms. Internal consistency analyses were carried out using Cronbach alpha. Factor analysis was carried out using a standard Principal Components Analysis followed by Varimax Rotation. A confirmatory factor analytic method was used to validate the scale structure in a representative clinical sample. Results: The reliability analysis gave a Cronbach alpha value of 0.950, with a range of corrected-item-total-scale correlations from 0.546 (weight change) to 0.830 (mood). The factor analysis revealed a two-factor solution for the manic and depressed items which accounted for 61.2% of the variance in the data. Factor 1 represented physical activity, verbal activity, thought processes and mood. Factor 2 represented eating habits, weight change, passage of time and pain sensitivity. Conclusions: This novel scale appears to capture the key features of mixed states. The two-factor solution fits well with previous models of bipolar disorder and concurs with the view that mixed states may be more than the sum of their parts. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Key Practitioner Message: There is no clinical scale that specifically measures the phenomena of the bipolar mixed state. This new scale includes clinically relevant symptoms of both mania and depression in a bivariate scale. The scale appears to capture key features of the mixed state and endorses the view that mixed states may be more than the sum of their parts. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||