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Eating Behaviour (eating + behaviour)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	57%
Psychology	33%

Distribution within Medical Sciences

Diabetes	24%
Nutrition	15%

Terms modified by Eating Behaviour

eating behaviour questionnaire

Selected Abstracts

Eating behaviour: social influences in open community nuns

EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW, Issue 2 2003
Juan A. Guisado Macías
Abstract This article analysed the eating behaviour and the psychological discomfort in a sample of 44 religious women living in open communities. The Eating Attitudes Test-40 items, the Interview for the Diagnosis of Eating Disorders, the Bulimic Investigatory Test, and the revised Symptom Checklist-90 were used in order to assess the sample, and a factor analysis was performed. Three basic dimensions in the mental state were obtained: (1) Psychological discomfort, (2) Anorexic behaviour, and (3) Bulimic behaviour. Our results support the idea that people living in open communities share the social values regarding weight and body size, and show elevated levels of psychological discomfort strongly associated with symptoms of eating disturbances. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association. [source]

CB1 receptors: emerging evidence for central and peripheral mechanisms that regulate energy balance, metabolism, and cardiovascular health

DIABETES/METABOLISM: RESEARCH AND REVIEWS, Issue 7 2007
Daniela Cota
Abstract Insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and obesity are the major cardiometabolic risk factors contributing to the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Owing to the increasing prevalence of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and CVD, new and effective pharmacologic therapies are urgently needed. In this regard, the endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS), a neuromodulatory system involved in the regulation of various aspects of energy balance and eating behaviour through central and peripheral mechanisms, may present the potential to meet this need. In the central nervous system (CNS), cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptors and their respective ligands, the endocannabinoids, have a significant role in the modulation of food intake and motivation to consume palatable food. CB1 receptors have also been found in organs involved in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis, such as liver, white adipose tissue, muscle and pancreas. Dysregulation of the ECS has been associated with the development of dyslipidaemia, glucose intolerance, and obesity, and CB1 receptor blockade may have a role in ameliorating these metabolic abnormalities. Thus, pharmacologic options targeting the ECS may provide a novel, effective approach to the prevention and management of CVD, type 2 diabetes and obesity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Are two informants better than one?

EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW, Issue 6 2007
Parent, child agreement on the eating styles of children who are overweight
Abstract Aim It is currently unknown to what extent the view of a child with overweight on its' own eating behaviour converges with parental perception regarding this behaviour and how parent,child agreement is influenced by overweight status and age. Method Youngsters (N,=,498; range 7,15 years; 37% boys) referred for weight treatment to an outpatient University centre filled in the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire,child version (DEBQ-child version; Van Strien & Braet, unpublished work), prior to treatment, while their parents reported on their child's eating behaviour by completing the DEBQ-parent version (Braet & Van Strien, 1997). Results Parents scored significantly higher when reporting on the emotional eating and external eating behaviour of their child, while they scored lower for restrained eating (all p,<,0.001). Comparisons between the subscales of the DEBQ-parent version and the DEBQ-child version revealed significant positive correlations of r,=,0.45 for emotional eating, r,=,0.35 for external eating and r,=,0.36 for restrained eating (all p,<,0.01); convergence is lowest for the age group younger than 10 (p,<,0.05). Both versions of the DEBQ displayed low correlations with the degree of overweight of the child. Discussion Parents and children displayed moderate to good agreement with regard to emotional eating, external eating and restrained eating. However when only one perspective can be assessed, possible biases must be taken into account. In that case, the use of appropriate age-specific norms is indicated. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association. [source]

A course of treatment of binge eating disorder: a time series approach

EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW, Issue 2 2006
Beate Wild
Abstract Objective The aim of the study was an analysis of the therapeutic course of treatment of a patient with binge eating disorder (BED), who participated in the multi-modal intervention programme at the Medical University Hospital of Heidelberg. Method Throughout the course of the treatment period, the patient answered questions daily on a handheld computer about her eating behaviour as well as her psychological and physical state. Diary data was analysed with a time series analysis method. Results Multiple regression analysis revealed that both depression and distress were same-day predictors for eating behaviour. Delayed predictors were both the eating behaviour and the anxiety of the previous day, as well as the activity 2 days earlier. The model accounts for 55% of the total variance. Discussion The findings of this study expand upon the evidence of previous cross-sectional studies, suggesting that the development process of the eating behaviour during treatment is strongly associated with affective variables. The study demonstrates that changes that occur during the treatment occur simultaneously on multiple levels. The causal interpretation of the delayed predictors shows that for this patient anxiety is a trigger of binge eating episodes. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association. [source]

Eating behaviour: social influences in open community nuns

RESEARCH FOCUS ON COMPULSIVE BEHAVIOUR IN ANIMALS: An animal model of compulsive food-taking behaviour

ADDICTION BIOLOGY, Issue 4 2009
Andrea Heyne
ABSTRACT The increase in the incidence of obesity and eating disorders has promoted research aimed at understanding the aetiology of abnormal eating behaviours. Apart from metabolic factors, obesity is caused by overeating. Clinical reports have led to the suggestion that some individuals may develop addictive-like behaviours when consuming palatable foods, and compulsive eating plays a similar dominant role in obesity as compulsive drug taking does in drug addiction. The progress made in the development of treatment strategies for obesity is limited, in part, because the physiological and neurological causes and consequences of compulsive eating behaviour are not clearly understood and cannot readily be studied in human subjects. We have developed experimental approaches that reflect the functioning of the components of eating control, including compulsive food taking in rats. Rats that are given free choice between standard chow and a palatable, chocolate-containing ,Cafeteria Diet' (CD) develop distinct signs of compulsive food taking that appear at an early stage. These include the inability to adapt intake behaviour in periods of limited or bitter-tasting CD access, continued food intake during resting phases and changes in fine structure of feeding (duration, distribution and recurrence of feeding bouts). The model will help examine the neurobiological underpinnings of compulsive food seeking and food taking and provides a possibility to study the effects of novel anti-obesity compounds on compulsive eating and other components of food-taking behaviour in detail. For future use of genetic models, the possibility of a transfer to a mouse was discussed. [source]

A11. The influence of the media on eating disorders

JOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION & DIETETICS, Issue 5 2000
S. Almond
Background The cause of eating disorders is multifactorial. One of these is sociocultural factors which include family, peers and the media. It has been suggested that constant media pressures can lead to body dissatisfaction, which may result in distorted eating patterns. Aims To review the role of the media in relation to eating disorders Results There has been a shift in the media portrayal of the 'ideal' body size for women, from the voluptuous curved figure of Marilyn Monroe in the 1950s to a thinner 'waif-like' look of Kate Moss in the 1980s. In the mass media shape and weight define perfection. Women perceive themselves as being bigger than they actually are. Their figure deviates from the ideal thus resulting in self body dissatisfaction. 'All I see is these pretty models, I wish I could look like one of them.' ( Wertheim et al. 1997 ) The 'ideal' body image is far from the physiologic norm. Supermodels are born with a specific body type and what the public doesn't understand is that they cannot diet to achieve it. 'Women don't set out to be anorexic, they begin by thinking they're too fat because everywhere they go the media is telling them that they are right' ( Barrett, 1997) Products are often advertised displaying the ideal body shape in the hope that it will enhance the product and create body dissatisfaction. Purchasing the product is perceived as a positive step towards reaching the 'perfect' body image. Concern surrounds the appearance of such advertisements in magazines aimed at adolescent girls, as at this age they are particularly vulnerable to the influences of the media. Stice and Shaw (1994) stated that exposure to the thin 'idea' may have a negative effect on emotions leading to body dissatisfaction. Such emotions include depression, stress, guilt, shame, insecurity, unhappiness, and lower self-confidence. A study by Schotte et al. (1990) indicated that negative emotions can disrupt eating behaviour. Dieters watching a frightening film increased their food intake, whereas nondieters did not. Conclusion The media are not solely responsible for eating disorders but they do contribute by promoting the 'ideal' physique. There is some resistance to media messages, as the majority of people do not develop distorted eating patterns. [source]

The neurobiology and genetics of eating and weight regulation

JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH, Issue 10 2008
J. Hebebrand
Over the past 15 years tremendous advances have been made in the elucidation of pathways relevant to eating behaviour and body weight regulation. It has become evident that these pathways are intricately interwoven with those underlying mood and anxiety regulation, motor activity, cognition, sleep, fertility and libido. In addition, advances have been made in determining genetic variation underlying inter-individual differences in body weight. To illustrate these novel findings we will focus on: 1) Monogenic and oligogenic obesity: The underlying genes were initially detected in animal models. Based on mutation screens of the human homologues functionally relevant mutations were detected in the genes coding for leptin, its receptors and the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R). The effect of such mutations is large. Leptin gene mutations lead to hyperphagia and subsequently obesity. Hyperphagia, albeit of a substantially reduced magnitude, has also been observed in obese children with mutations in the MC4R. 2) Polygenic obesity: The advent of genome wide association studies has led to the detection of single polygenes, among which FTO features prominently. Typically, a variant predisposing to obesity accounts for a body weight elevated by on average 200 to 1500 grams. Such polygenes act in concert to account for inter-individual differences in body weight. 3) Leptin has been shown to have profound implications for anorexia nervosa. Serum leptin levels in this eating disorders are annormaly low. The hypoleptinemia entails a down-regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal-axis, which underlies the amenorrhea characteristic of anorexia nervosa. Furthermore, the hypoleptinemia induces hyperactivity in a rat model of anorexia nervosa. In patients, leptin levels are inversely correlated with activity levels. [source]

An investigation into food preferences and the neural basis of food-related incentive motivation in Prader,Willi syndrome

JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH, Issue 9 2006
E. C. Hinton
Abstract Background Research into the excessive eating behaviour associated with Prader,Willi syndrome (PWS) to date has focused on homeostatic and behavioural investigations. The aim of this study was to examine the role of the reward system in such eating behaviour, in terms of both the pattern of food preferences and the neural substrates of incentive in the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Method Participants with PWS (n = 18) were given a food preference interview to examine food preferences and to inform the food-related incentive task to be conducted during the neuroimaging. Thirteen individuals with PWS took part in the positron emission tomography (PET) study, the design of which was based on a previous study of non-obese, non-PWS controls. For the task, participants were asked to consider photographs of food and to choose the food they would most like to eat in two conditions, one of high and one of low incentive foods, tailored to each participant's preferences. For comparison of the food preference data, 12 non-PWS individuals were given one part of the interview. Results Individuals with PWS expressed relative liking of different foods and showed preferences that were consistent over time, particularly for sweet foods. The participants with PWS did give the foods in the high incentive condition a significantly higher incentive value than the foods in the low incentive condition. However, activation of the amygdala and medial OFC was not associated with the prospect of highly valued foods as predicted in those with PWS. Conclusions It would appear that incentive motivation alone plays a less powerful role in individuals with PWS than in those without the syndrome. This is likely to be due to the overriding intrinsic drive to eat because of a lack of satiety in those with PWS, and the impact of this on activity in the incentive processing regions of the brain. Activity in such reward areas may not then function to guide behaviour selectively towards the consumption of high preference foods. [source]

Satiation, satiety and their effects on eating behaviour

NUTRITION BULLETIN, Issue 4 2009
H. Gibson-Moore
[source]

Taste, food intake and obesity

OBESITY REVIEWS, Issue 4 2001
J. Nasser PhD
Abstract Research in human eating behaviour prior to 1990 has shown that taste impacts the palatability and selection of food for intake; sensory-specific satiety; satiation; and thermic effect of food. Research in the last decade has added information to these areas; expanded the field to comparisons of the impact of ,wanting' vs. ,liking' food on intake, and provided insight into the relationship of food intake and brain functioning through new imaging techniques. This article will review literature from the last decade on research in the area of taste and its impact on food intake. Emphasis will be placed on differences seen between lean and obese humans and how these may contribute to the development of human obesity. Suggestions for future research directions will also be discussed. [source]

Comparing measures of cognitive bias relating to eating behaviour

APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 7 2009
Emmanuel M. Pothos
Consumption of and/or abstinence from substances with a high reward value (e.g. heroin, marijuana, alcohol, nicotine, certain foods) are associated with cognitive biases for information related to the substance. Such cognitive biases are important since they may contribute to difficulties in controlling intake of the substance. We examine cognitive biases for stimuli related to food. For the first time, we concurrently employ and compare five conceptually distinct measures of cognitive bias (dot probe, emotional Stroop, recognition, EAST, explicit attitudes). Contrary to expectations from current theory, the relation between the cognitive measures was weak and evident only in certain subsets of the population sample, as defined by gender and emotional-, restrained- and external-eating characteristics of our participants. We discuss some methodological implications of our findings. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Longitudinal correlates of the persistence of irregular eating from age 5 to 14 years

ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 1 2010
BM McDermott
Abstract Aim:, To report the stability of parent-perceived child irregular eating from 6 months to 14 years of age and to investigate a predictive model inclusive of child and parent factors. Methods:, Of the 7223 singleton children in a birth cohort, 5122 children were re-interviewed at 5 years and 4554 for the 14-year analysis. Information was obtained from structured interviews including questions answered by parents of the child at birth, 6 months, 5 years and 14 years; and by teenagers at age 14 years and from physical measures of the child. The mother's perception that the child was an irregular eater at age 14 years was the major outcome variable of interest. Results:, Approximately 40% of irregular eaters at age 5 will still be irregular eaters at age 14 years. This was not related to maternal education or socio-economic class. Significant at multivariate analysis were infant feeding problems and the children's ability to regulate their sleep and mood. Significant maternal factors were greater age, not feeling positive about the baby and persistent maternal anxiety during the child's early years. Conclusion:, Irregular eating behaviour displays considerable continuity from childhood to mid-adolescence. Independent contributions to this behavioural phenotype include child biological and psychological factors and maternal anxiety during the child's early years. [source]

The diagnosis of eating disorders in adults with learning disabilities: Conceptualisation and implications for clinical practice

EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW, Issue 5 2010
Ceri J. Jones
Abstract Objective The literature suggests that less attention has been afforded to eating disorders (EDs) in adults with learning disabilities (LDs) than in adults of normal intellect. This review aimed to examine the methods, prevalence and implications of an ED diagnosis in adults with LDs. Method Key texts, journals and online databases were searched for literature examining disordered eating in adults with LDs. Results A review of the extant literature revealed that a range of dysfunctional eating behaviours have been classified as ,eating disorders' and highlighted a lack of clarity about the distinction between feeding and EDs. A small body of research suggests that some individuals with LDs show the emotional and cognitive characteristics of typical EDs. Discussion The lack of consensus about conceptualisation, assessment, diagnosis and treatment of EDs in individuals with LDs needs to be addressed in order to aid awareness and enhance clinical approaches for this population. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association. [source]

Cognitive,Emotional,Behavioural Therapy for the eating disorders: working with beliefs about emotions

EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW, Issue 6 2006
Emma Corstorphine
Abstract A subgroup of eating-disordered patients have particular difficulty in tolerating negative mood states and existing interventions seem to be less effective when working with such cases. This clinical practice paper outlines a Cognitive,Emotional,Behavioural Therapy (CEBT). This intervention is aimed at enabling patients to challenge the basis of their emotional distress, and thus to reduce the need for the function of the associated eating behaviours. The intervention draws on range of models and techniques, including cognitive behavioural therapy, dialectical behavioural therapy, mindfulness training and experiential exercises. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association. [source]

RESEARCH FOCUS ON COMPULSIVE BEHAVIOUR IN ANIMALS: An animal model of compulsive food-taking behaviour

Disordered eating and job stress among nurses

JOURNAL OF NURSING MANAGEMENT, Issue 7 2009
CHES, KEITH A. KING PhD
Aim, The purpose of this study was to examine disordered eating behaviours among nurses in the state of Ohio. Background, Individuals involved in disordered eating tend to report more frequent and higher levels of perceived stress than their counterparts. As nurses regularly perform stressful roles and responsibilities within a high-stress environment, this group may be at elevated risk of disordered eating. Method, A 65-item survey was mailed to a random sample of 1000 nurses in the state of Ohio. Results, A total of 435 nurses (47%) returned completed surveys. Most (93%) were registered nurses (RNs) and 87% were over 31 years old. Results indicated that disordered eating differed significantly based on perceived job stress and perceived body satisfaction. Nurses with high levels of perceived job stress and low levels of body satisfaction had higher disordered eating involvement. Conclusions, Nurses reporting high levels of job stress are at increased risk of disordered eating behaviours. Recommendations for future research are offered. Implications for nursing management, Employee wellness programmes should be developed that educate and support nurses to make healthy lifestyle choices. [source]

Using food experience, multimedia and role models for promoting fruit and vegetable consumption in Bangkok kindergarten children

NUTRITION & DIETETICS, Issue 2 2010
Chutima SIRIKULCHAYANONTA
Abstract Aim:, To evaluate the use of food experience, multimedia and role models for promoting fruit and vegetable consumption in kindergarten children. Methods:, A quasi-experimental study was conducted. A Bangkok public primary school was randomly selected and one of the kindergarten levels was purposively chosen. Program implementation consisted of 11 activities over an eight-week period from July to September, 2003. Data on demographic variables, and types and amounts of fruit and vegetables consumed and frequency of fruit and vegetables served were collected before and after the intervention. Program evaluation consisted of an analysis of the pre- and post-test data. Results:, After the intervention, fruit and vegetable eating behaviour scores (median ± interquartile range) revealed significant changes from 3 ± 8 to 7 ± 8 for vegetables and 6 ± 8 to 9 ± 8 for fruit (P -value < 0.001); the different types of consumed vegetables were increased from two to four (P -value , 0.001); and the fruit and vegetable intake was significantly increased from 53 g to 77 g and from 11 g to 23 g respectively (P -value < 0.005). Conclusions:, Results of this pilot study were effective in increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in the kindergarten, however, longer-term evaluation and assessment of the impact on the home environment are required. The inclusion of nutrition education and instruction on healthy eating habits in the course curriculum combined with social support from teachers and families may improve and sustain fruit and vegetable eating behaviours. [source]

Measuring psychological morbidity for diabetes commissioning

PRACTICAL DIABETES INTERNATIONAL (INCORPORATING CARDIABETES), Issue 1 2010
A cross-sectional survey of patients attending a secondary care diabetes clinic
Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of psychological morbidity in the local secondary care population of people with type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes (T1DM or T2DM) in order to determine appropriate treatment provision. Four hundred patients seen in diabetes outpatient clinics were sent a number of standardised and validated questionnaires designed to measure: diabetes related distress; anxiety and depression; disordered eating behaviours; and borderline personality disorder. A response rate of 52.7% was achieved, providing a total of 211 completed questionnaires (111 T1DM, 100 T2DM) for analysis. This study has demonstrated a high prevalence of psychological morbidity in the local secondary care population of people with diabetes, with as many as half of those surveyed (52%) reporting some level of psychological disturbance. After controlling for age, gender and diabetes type, few differences in levels of psychological dysfunction were identified between the T1DM and T2DM cohorts. The exception to this was disinhibited eating behaviours: 22% of people with T2DM had severe levels of disinhibited eating, twice that recorded in the T1DM population. Overall, 36% (n=76) of study participants had moderate,severe levels of depression, anxiety or both, and 9.5% (16 of 168) had scores suggestive of borderline personality disorder. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons. [source]