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Ear Oedema (ear + oedema)
Selected AbstractsSuppression of inflammatory responses by celastrol, a quinone methide triterpenoid isolated from Celastrus regeliiEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION, Issue 9 2009D. H. Kim Abstract Background, Celastrol, a quinone methide triterpenoid isolated from the Celastraceae family, exhibits various biological properties, including chemopreventive, antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. In this study, we showed that celastrol inhibits inflammatory reactions in macrophages and protects mice from skin inflammation. Materials and methods, Anti-inflammatory effects of celastrol (0,1 ,M) were examined in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264·7 macrophages. To investigate the effects of celastrol (0,50 ,g per mice) in vivo, activation of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and histological assessment were examined in the 12- O -tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced mouse ear oedema model. Results, Our in vitro experiments showed that celastrol suppressed not only LPS-stimulated generation of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2, but also expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in RAW264·7 cells. Similarly, celastrol inhibited LPS-induced production of inflammatory cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor-, and interleukin-6. In an animal model, celastrol protected mice from TPA-induced ear oedema, possibly by inhibiting MPO activity and production of inflammatory cytokines. Conclusions, Our data suggest that celastrol inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators and is a potential target for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases. [source] Phycocyanin liposomes for topical anti-inflammatory activity: in-vitro in-vivo studiesJOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY: AN INTERNATI ONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE, Issue 4 2009Maria Manconia Abstract Objectives The aim of this work was to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of C-phycocyanin (C-PC) on skin inflammation after topical administration and the influence of liposomal delivery on its pharmacokinetic properties. Methods Liposomes of different size and structure were prepared with different techniques using soy phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol. Vesicular dispersions were characterised by transmission electron microscopy, optical and fluorescence microscopy for vesicle formation and morphology, dynamic laser light scattering for size distribution, and Zetasizer for zeta-potential. C-PC skin penetration and permeation experiments were performed in vitro using vertical diffusion Franz cells and human skin treated with either free or liposomal drug dispersed in a Carbopol gel. Key findings The protein was mainly localised in the stratum corneum, while no permeation of C-PC through the whole skin thickness was detected. Two percent C-PC-encapsulating liposomes showed the best drug accumulation in the stratum corneum and the whole skin, higher than that of the corresponding free 2% C-PC gel. Moreover, skin deposition of liposomal C-PC was dose dependent since skin accumulation values increased as the C-PC concentration in liposomes increased. The topical anti-inflammatory activity of samples was evaluated in vivo as inhibition of croton oil-induced or arachidonic acid-induced ear oedema in rats. Conclusions The results showed that C-PC can be successfully used as an anti-inflammatory drug and that liposomal encapsulation is effective in improving its anti-inflammatory activity. [source] In-vitro and in-vivo immunomodulatory effects of syringinJOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY: AN INTERNATI ONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE, Issue 9 2001Jae Youl Cho Syringin was found to possess immunomodulatory activity by which it inhibited the in-vitro immunohaemolysis of antibody-coated sheep erythrocytes by guinea-pig serum through suppression of C3-convertase of the classical complement. In this study, we examined its in-vitro and in-vivo activity on tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-, and nitric oxide (NO) production, CD4 + T cell and CD8+ cytotoxic T cell (CTLL-2) proliferation, and croton oil-, arachidonic acid- and fluorescein-isothiocynate (FITC)-induced mouse ear oedema model. Syringin significantly inhibited both TNF-, production from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and CD8+ T cell (CTLL-2) proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, whereas neither NO production nor CD4+ T cell proliferation were blocked even by high concentrations of syringin. In the in-vivo experiments, syringin also significantly suppressed FITC-induced ear oedema in mice but not the ear oedema induced by croton or arachidonic acid. These results suggest that syringin may be implicated as an immunomodulator having an anti-allergic effect rather than an antiinflammatory effect. The anti-allergic effect of syringin seems to be due, in part, to inhibition of TNF-, production and cytotoxic T cell proliferation. [source] Topical antiinflammatory activity of an innovative aqueous formulation of actichelated® propolis vs two commercial propolis formulationsPHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 9 2007Silvio Sosa Abstract A novel aqueous commercial formulation of a new hydrophilic propolis product (Actichelated® Propolis, contained in ,LeniGola PropolEffect Spray Senza Alcohol'; Pharbenia, Milan, Italy) was evaluated for its topical antiinflammatory activity in comparison with a hydroglyceric propolis spray solution (,Propoli LeniGola Spray Senza Alcool'; Pharbenia, Milan, Italy) and a hydroalcohol preparation (,Propoli LeniGola Spray Forte'; Pharbenia, Milan, Italy). Actichelated® propolis (Actimex, Trieste, Italy) is a multicomposite material obtained with a patented technology, mechano-chemical activation, which application led to a new hydrosoluble form of propolis. Each propolis preparation provoked a dose-dependent inhibition of the croton oil-induced ear oedema in mice. Considering the administered doses of flavonoids, ,LeniGola PropolEffect Spray Senza Alcool' (ID50 = 13.6 µL/cm2, corresponding to 13.6 µg flavonoids/cm2) is slightly more active than the hydroglyceric formulation ,Propoli LeniGola Spray' (ID50 = 13.7 µL/cm2, corresponding to 20.6 µg flavonoids/cm2) and six times more active than the hydroalcohol preparation ,Propoli LeniGola Spray Forte' (ID50 = 5.5 µL/cm2, corresponding to 82.5 µg flavonoids/cm2). As a reference, 15 µL/cm2 of the commercial sprays Tantum® Verde and Froben®, containing 37.5 or 45 µg of the non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs benzidamine hydrochloride or flurbiprofen, induced 18% and 35% oedema inhibition, respectively. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Fatty acids profile and antiinflammatory activity of Nonea setosa R. et S.PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 5 2006Massimo Curini Abstract In order to verify the antiinflammatory properties of Nonea setosa R. et S. (Fam. Boraginaceae) and to identify the relevant active principles, aerial parts of this plant were extracted with increasing polarity solvents. The antiinflammatory activity was investigated by a bioassay-oriented fractionation using the inhibition of the croton oil-induced ear oedema in mice as an experimental model of inflammation. GC-MS analysis of the most active fraction revealed the presence of high amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Black cumin seed essential oil, as a potent analgesic and antiin,ammatory drugPHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 3 2004Valiollah Hajhashemi Abstract The steam-distilled essential oil of Iranian black cumin seed (Nigella sativa L.) was investigated for its composition and analgesic and antiin,ammatory properties. After oil analysis by GC/MS, 20 compounds were identi,ed in the oil, obtained in 0.4% (v/w) yield. Among them, para -cymene (37.3%) and thymoquinone (13.7%) were the major components. Acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin and light tail ,ick tests were used for assessment of analgesic activity. Antiin,ammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats and croton oil-induced ear oedema in mice. Black cumin seed essential oil (BCSEO) was found to produce a signi,cant analgesic effect in acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin and light tail ,ick tests. Naloxone, an opioid antagonist, could not reverse the analgesic effect observed in the formalin test. Although oral administration of BCSEO at doses of 100, 200 and 400 µL/kg did not exert a signi,cant antiin,ammatory effect in the carrageenan test, i.p. injection of the same doses signi,cantly (p < 0.001) inhibited carrageenan-induced paw oedema. BCSEO at doses of 10 and 20 µL/ear could also reduce croton oil-induced oedema. It seems that mechanism(s) other than opioid receptors is (are) involved in the analgesic effect of BCSEO since naloxone could not reverse this effect. Both systemic and local administration of BCSEO showed antiin,ammatory activity. Thymoquinone, as one of the major components of BCSEO, probably has an important role in these pharmacological effects. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Antinociceptive, antiin,ammatory and acute toxicity effects of Salvia leriifolia Benth. seed extract in mice and ratsPHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 4 2003Hossein Hosseinzadeh Abstract The antinociceptive and antiin,ammatory effects as well as the acute toxicity of Salvia leriifolia aqueous seed extract were studied in mice and rats. Antinociceptive activity was assessed using the hot-plate and tail ,ick tests. The effect on acute in,ammation was studied using vascular permeability increased by acetic acid and xylene-induced ear oedema in mice. The activity against chronic in,ammation was assessed using the cotton pellet test in rats. The LD50 of the extract was found to be 19.5 g/kg (i.p.) in mice. The aqueous seed extract showed signi,cant and dose-dependent (1.25,10 g/kg) antinociceptive activity over 7 h, and was inhibited by naloxone pretreatment. Signi,cant and dose-dependent (2.5,10 g/kg) activity was observed against acute in,ammation induced by acetic acid and in the xylene ear oedema test. In the chronic in,ammation test the extract (2.5,5 g/kg) showed signi,cant and dose-dependent antiin,ammatory activity. The aqueous seed extract of S. leriifolia may therefore have supraspinal antinociceptive effects which may be mediated by opioid receptors, and showed considerable effects against acute and chronic in,ammation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Analgesic and antiinflammatory properties of Sideritis lotsyi var. MascaensisPHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 3 2002Margarita Hernández-Pérez Abstract The antiinflammatory, analgesic and antimicrobial activities of crude ethanol extracts of Sideritis lotsyi var. mascaensis (Lamiaceae), and chloroform and aqueous fractions were evaluated in mice using paw and ear oedema induced by carrageenan and 12-o-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-acetate (TPA), respectively, as inflammation models, the writhing test induced by acetic acid for evaluating analgesic activity and the disk-diffusion method for testing antimicrobial actions. The results obtained demonstrated significant topical antiinflammatory and analgesic activities for the ethanol extract and chloroform fraction, but no relevant antimicrobial activity against the microorganisms tested. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||