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E Genotype (e + genotype)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences100%

Kinds of E Genotype

  • apolipoprotein e genotype
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    Selected Abstracts

    APOLIPOPROTEIN E GENOTYPES IN MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT SUBTYPES

    JOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 12 2006
    Giuseppe Orsitto MD
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    Apolipoprotein E Genotype and Mortality: Findings from the Cache County Study

    JOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 6 2005
    Kathleen M. Hayden PhD
    Objectives: To evaluate the association between apolipoprotein E (apo E) ,4 and mortality, the population attributable risk for mortality with ,4, and relative contributions of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Design: Population-based cohort study. Setting: Community-based. Participants: Permanent residents of Cache County, Utah, aged 65 and older as of January 1, 1995. Measurements: Participants were genotyped at the apo E locus using buccal-swab deoxyribonucleic acid. Cardiovascular health was ascertained using self- or proxy-report interviews at participants' residences. AD was diagnosed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised, and National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke,Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders criteria. Utah Department of Vital Statistics quarterly reports were reviewed to identify participants who died. Results: Crude evaluations showed nonsignificantly greater risk of death for ,2/2 (hazard ratio (HR)=1.66, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.92,2.76) and ,3/4 (HR=1.11, 95% CI=0.97,1.26) genotypes and significantly greater risk for ,4/4 (HR=1.48, 95% CI=1.09,1.96). After adjustment for age, age2, sex, and education, risks increased to 1.98 (95% CI=1.08,3.35), 1.28 (95% CI=1.12,1.46), and 2.02 (95% CI=1.47,2.71), respectively, compared with ,3/3 genotypes. Adjustment for presence of any CVD did not change the risk of death for ,3/4 and ,4/4. Adjustment for AD reduced the risk of death for ,3/4 (HR=1.13, 95% CI=0.99,1.30) and ,4/4 (HR=1.59, 95% CI=1.15,2.14). The population attributable risk of death for ,3/4 and ,4/4 genotypes combined is estimated at 9.6%. Conclusion: These findings suggested that the ,2/2, ,3/4, and ,4/4 genotypes have greater early mortality risks. Further analyses showed that AD partially mediates the association between ,3/4, ,4/4, and death. [source]

    No association between subjective memory complaints and apolipoprotein E genotype in cognitively intact elderly

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 12 2004
    Dylan G. Harwood
    Abstract Objective This cross-sectional study examined the relationship between subjective memory complaints and the apolipoprotein epsilon 4 allele (,4), a genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), among cognitively normal subjects identified from a community memory screening. Design The sample comprised 232 consecutive white non-Hispanic older adults who presented to a free community-based memory-screening program at a University affiliated memory disorders center. Participants were classified as cognitively normal based on scores on the age and educated adjusted Folstein Mini-Mental Status Exam (MMSAdj) and a brief Delayed Verbal Recall Test (DRT). Subjects were assessed for APOE genotype, subjective memory complaints (Memory Questionnaire, MQ), depressive symptoms (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, HDRS), and history of four major medical conditions that have been associated with memory loss (stroke/transient ischemic attack [TIA], atherosclerotic heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes). A hierarchical regression analysis was performed to examine the association between APOE genotype and memory complaints after controlling for a host of potential confounding factors. Results The APOE ,4 allele frequency for cognitively normal subjects was 0.13. Subjective memory complaints were predicted by depressive symptoms and a history of stroke/TIA. They were not associated with APOE genotype, MMSAdj score, DRT score, age, education, gender, and reported history of atherosclerotic heart disease, hypertension, or diabetes. Conclusion The results did not suggest an association between subjective memory complaints and the APOE ,4 allele in this sample of cognitively intact subjects. This indicates that memory complaints may confer risk for future dementia through pathways independent of APOE genotype. The results also show that older adults with memory complaints are at increased risk for underlying depression. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

    Homocysteine, white matter hyperintensities, and cognition in healthy elderly people

    ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 2 2003
    Carole Dufouil PhD
    Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with an increased risk of vascular disease, and recent results suggest that it also could increase the risk of dementia. We examined the relationship between homocysteine and cognitive decline in 1,241 subjects aged 61 to 73 years, followed up over 4 years. Plasma homocysteine levels were determined in all participants as well as cardiovascular risk factors, apolipoprotein E genotype, plasma levels of folate, and vitamin B12. Cognitive performances were assessed repeatedly by using Mini-Mental State Examination, Trail Making Test, Digit Symbol Substitution Test, and Finger Tapping Test. At 2-year follow-up, 841 subjects underwent cerebral magnetic resonance imaging, and white matter hyperintensities were rated visually. Analyses were adjusted for all cardiovascular risk factors. Cross-sectional analyses showed that higher concentrations of homocysteine were significantly related to poorer performances at all neuropsychological tests. Longitudinal analyses confirmed this finding. The odds of cognitive decline was 2.8-fold (p < 0.05) higher in subjects with homocysteine levels above 15,mol/L compared with those with homocysteine levels below 10,mol/L. In participants who underwent magnetic resonance imaging, the relationship between homocysteine and cognition was unchanged after taking into account white matter hyperintensities suggesting that white matter hyperintensities do not mediate the association between homocysteine and cognition. Ann Neurol 2003;53:000,000 [source]

    Circulating cholesterol levels, apolipoprotein E genotype and dementia severity influence the benefit of atorvastatin treatment in Alzheimer's disease: results of the Alzheimer's Disease Cholesterol-Lowering Treatment (ADCLT) trial

    ACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 2006
    D. L. Sparks
    Context,,, Recent evidence suggests that treatment of mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) with atorvastatin provides significant benefit on the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive (ADAS-cog) after 6 months. Objective,,, To determine if benefit on ADAS-cog performance produced by atorvastatin is influenced by severity of cognitive impairment, circulating cholesterol levels, or apolipoprotein E genotype. Design,,, A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized (1:1) trial with a 1-year exposure to atorvastatin calcium or placebo. Setting,,, A single-site study at the clinical research center of the Sun Health Research Institute. Participants,,, Ninety-eight individuals with mild-to-moderate AD (MMSE score of 12,28) provided informed consent, and 67 were randomized. Stable dose use of cholinesterase inhibitors, estrogen and vitamin E was allowed, as was the use of many other medications in the treatment of co-morbidities. Participants using cholesterol-lowering medications or being treated for major depression or a psychiatric condition were excluded. Intervention,,, Once daily atorvastatin calcium (80 mg; two 40 mg tablets) or placebo. Main outcome measures,,, A primary outcome measure was change ADAS-cog sub-scale score. Secondary outcome measures included scores on the MMSE, and circulating cholesterol levels. The Apolipoprotein E genotype was established for each participant. Results,,, A significant positive effect on ADAS-cog performance occurred after 6 months of atorvastatin therapy compared with placebo. This positive effect was more prominent among individuals entering the trial with, (i) higher MMSE scores, (ii) cholesterol levels above 200 mg/dl or (iii) if they harbored an apolipoprotein-E-4 allele compared with participants not responding to atorvastatin treatment. Individuals in the placebo group tended to experience more pronounced deterioration if their cholesterol levels exceeded 200 mg/dl or they harbored an apolipoprotein-E-4 allele. Conclusion,,, Atorvastatin therapy may be of benefit in the treatment of mild-to-moderately affected AD patients, but the level of benefit produced may be predicated on earlier treatment, an individual's apolipoprotein E genotype or whether the patient exhibits elevated cholesterol levels. [source]

    Apolipoprotein E genotype and risk for development of cataract and age-related macular degeneration

    ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 4 2008
    Øygunn A. Utheim
    Abstract. Purpose:, To study whether apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes are associated with risk for developing cataract and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods:, A sample of 88 healthy adults (50,75 years) genotyped for polymorphisms of APOE underwent an eye examination which included visual acuity (VA) testing, slit-lamp cataract evaluation, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fundus photography, the last of which was analysed and graded for macular pathology at the Reading Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London. Two-by-two cross tables were analysed using the Fisher,Boschloo unconditional full multinomial test. Two-sample t -tests were used for comparing means of scale variables. Results:, Thirty-two participants were diagnosed with cataract or had undergone cataract surgery in one or both eyes, and 56 participants demonstrated no signs of cataract. We found that APOE4 carriers were less likely to have cataract than non-APOE4 carriers (p = 0.039). No correlation between APOE genotypes and morphologic changes in the macular region was revealed. However, APOE3 carriers disclosed significantly higher average macular thickness in both eyes than non-APOE3 carriers (p = 0.012), and APOE3 carriers also had significantly better VA than non-APOE3 carriers (p = 0.041). Conclusions:, We found no association between AMD and APOE polymorphism in a population of 96 individuals aged 50,75 years. A weak negative association between APOE4 and cataract was uncovered in the same population. Apolipoprotein E3 may be a protective factor against the loss of nerve fibres in the macular region. [source]

    Specific APO E genotypes in combination with the ACE D/D or MTHFR 677TT mutation yield an independent genetic risk of leukoaraiosis

    ACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 3 2004
    Z. Szolnoki
    Objective , Ischaemic demyelination of the white matter of the brain is a frequent clinical entity. In the neuroimaging terms, it is referred to as leukoaraiosis. We earlier found that the co-occurrence of the homozygous methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677TT and angiotensin-converting enzyme D/D (ACE D/D) genotypes yielded a highly significant moderate risk of leukoaraiosis. On the assumption of further genetic interactions, we have now investigated whether the different apolipoprotein E (APO E) genotypes, in pairwise combinations with the MTHFR 677TT or ACE D/D mutation, could lead to an increased risk of leukoaraiosis. Material and methods , We analysed the occurrence of the APO E genotypes in pairwise combinations with the MTHFR 677TT or ACE D/D mutation in 315 consecutive Caucasian patients with leukoaraiosis. A total of 646 neuroimaging-free subjects acted as a control group. Results , The APO E 2/2 and 2/3 or APO E 4/4 and 4/3 genotypes in combination with the MTHFR 677TT or ACE D/D mutation exhibited independent genetic risks of leukoaraiosis. Conclusion , The interactions of certain unfavourable genetic mutations can contribute to the evolution of leukoaraiosis. [source]

    Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism and the Characteristics of Diseased Vessels in Male Chinese Patients With Angiographic Coronary Artery Disease: A Case-Case Study

    CLINICAL CARDIOLOGY, Issue 6 2010
    Shao-Sheng Li MD
    Background Variations in the apolipoprotein E (apo E) gene may predict the incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the correlation between apo E polymorphism and the severity of CAD is still unclear. Hypothesis Apolipoprotein E polymorphism can predict CAD. Methods Used a case-case study of 213 Chinese angiographically-defined CAD patients who were screened for apo E genotypes. The characteristics of their diseased vessels were recorded. Results Apolipoprotein E4 carriers had > 75% stenosis, more wide-ranging and longer vessel disease, a greater number of diseased vessels, and a higher Gensini score than apo E2 carriers or individuals with the apo E3/3 genotype. Apolipoprotein E2 carriers had ,75% stenosis and a shorter length of vessel disease than individuals with the apo E3/3 genotype or apo E4 carriers. The severity of stenosis, length of vessel disease, and number of diseased vessels were affected by the interaction between genotype and body mass index, family history of CAD, total plasma cholesterol level, smoking history, and hypertension history. Conclusion The apo E4 allele may serve as an independent genetic marker predicting severity of CAD. Other CAD risk factors may accelerate the process of pathogenesis. The apo E2 allele may play a protective role. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source]