Dry Feed (dry + feed)

Distribution by Scientific Domains


Selected Abstracts


Comparison of rotifer Brachionus plicatilis as a choice of live feed with dry feed in rearing Coregonus lavaretus fry

AQUACULTURE NUTRITION, Issue 2 2009
H. MAHMOUDZADEH
Abstract This experiment, designed for the first time in the Middle East region to sustain Coregonus lavaretus production, examined the efficacy of a live organism (Brachionus plicatilis), an artificial diet (48% crude protein) and a mixed feed for the first 3 month of rearing fry. Nine rearing cages were floated on the surface of a natural pond supplied with hyporheic-zone river water, each containing 150 numbers of white fish fry, where they were treated with each of the three diets in triplicates. The fry were fed eight times daily starting at the onset of exogenous feeding. Results showed that fry utilized live organisms more efficiently than the artificial and mixed diets. Rotifer-fed group consistently showed higher growth rate during the entire experiment. Length increment (29.6 mm), weight gain (572.3 mg) after 12 weeks of feeding were higher (P < 0.05) in this group. Also, their mean weekly specific growth rate (4.97% day,1) was the highest and feed conversion rate (2.97) was the lowest among all treatments. Survival rates of the fry declined from 75% to 61.4%, from 74.3 to 45.8% and from 72.7 to 54.5% for live feed, mixed diet and artificial diet, respectively. [source]


Water immersion time reduces the preference of juvenile tropical spiny lobster Panulirus ornatus for pelleted dry feeds and fresh mussel

AQUACULTURE NUTRITION, Issue 6 2005
K.C. WILLIAMS
Abstract Development of a pelleted dry feed as an alternative to feeding fresh fishery by-catch is an environmental priority for tropical spiny lobster aquaculture. Earlier studies have shown the lobster's acceptance of pelleted dry feed diminishes rapidly after immersion in water. In this work, we quantified the rate at which dry matter, total protein, soluble protein and individual and total free amino acids were lost from pieces of green-lipped mussel Perna canaliculus, a commercially-extruded Penaeus japonicus (kuruma) shrimp feed (KSF) and four laboratory-made, fishmeal-based, pelleted feeds upon immersion for up to 7.5 h. The laboratory-made feeds contained homogenates of either green-lipped mussel, polychaete (Marphysa sanguinea), prawn (Metapenaeus bennettae) or squid (Sepioteuthis spp.). After being immersed in water for 0, 2.5 or 5 h, these same feeds were offered as a paired choice with KSF in two preference feeding studies with juvenile Panulirus ornatus lobsters. The loobster's preference for fresh mussel always exceeded that of KSF, irrespective of immersion time. Regression of the proportional intake of test feeds against the relative leach rate of KSF identified soluble protein, glycine and taurine as the principal leachate components having the highest positive correlations with the lobster's feeding preference. [source]


Hypervitaminosis A in first-feeding fry of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

AQUACULTURE NUTRITION, Issue 1 2002
R. ØRNSRUD
Atlantic salmon fry were reared on a fishmeal based diet with increasing levels of vitamin A (VA) (6, 122 and 938 mg retinol kg,1 dry feed) from startfeeding and for 14 weeks. Signs of VA stress, such as reduced fat stores, liver size and growth, were found for groups receiving 122 and 938 mg retinol kg,1. Signs of vitamin A toxicity, such as increased mortality, abnormal vertebral growth, and reduced growth, were found for groups receiving 938 mg retinol kg,1. These results suggest that excess VA in the early life stages of Atlantic salmon is deleterious for normal development. [source]


Effect of partial or total replacement of forage fish by a dry diet on the quality of reproduction in pikeperch, Sander lucioperca

AQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 3 2009
Neil Wang
Abstract The aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate the influence of different feeding regimes on the quality of reproduction in pikeperch. Three diets were tested: forage fish (FF), a commercial dry feed (DD) and a mix of both (FD). The diets were given to fish throughout a complete reproductive cycle. During the spawning season, couples were injected with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and let to spawn on nests. Proportion of running males, spawning and hatching success and larval quality (weight, length, body protein, total lipid, fatty acid and lipid class compositions and resistances to osmotic shock and starvation stress tests at hatching) were evaluated. The proportion of running male was lower in the DD group than in the FF and FD groups (54% for DD against 76,89% for FF and FD). In addition, 25%, 62.5% and 75% of injected couples gave spawning that hatched in DD, FF and FD groups respectively. Larval quality parameters were not significantly different between treatments. The results indicate that overall quality of reproduction was higher in FF and FD treatments than in DD. It suggests that the dry feed used was not totally adequate for pikeperch reproduction. Relations between breeder reproductive performances and the feed compositions are discussed. [source]


Successful early weaning of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) in small shallow raceway systems

AQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 3 2001
T Næss
Abstract Small raceways were used in a weaning experiment with Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) larvae. The size of the tanks was 1.0 × 0.4 m with a 1- to 2-cm water level. Duplicate larval groups were transferred to the raceways from circular first feeding tanks at 0.07, 0.10 and 0.16 g wet weight, while recommended weaning size of this species is 0.2,0.3 g. During the first 7 days of weaning, Artemia was used as a food supplement in combination with the formulated dry feed. Thereafter only dry feed was used. The dry feed used in this experiment was produced by a special heat technique. The 0.07, 0.10 and 0.16 g larval groups were evaluated after 31, 25 and 17 days respectively (same date) The corresponding average survival was 81.4%, 78.0% and 96.6% and the specific daily growth rate was 3.18%, 3.17% and 2.38% respectively. In the Artemia control group, a survival rate of 96.0% and a growth rate of 5.28% was achieved. To evaluate the weaning success, the groups were followed in a 22-day post-weaning period on a commercial dry diet. Higher growth rates, 5.8,6.9%, were then obtained in all experimental groups, except control. The survival here averaged approximately 80% in the three experimental groups, but showed some differences between replicates. One hundred per cent survival was achieved during weaning in the former Artemia group. From the start of weaning to the end of the post-weaning period, the survival rates averaged 64% for the 0.07 and 0.10 g groups, approximately 80% for the 0.16 g group and 96% in the Artemia control group. Higher variance (CV) through the experiment and highest growth of the 75% quartiles of the fish groups compared with the 50% and 25%, indicated suppressed growth of the smaller fish. The successful weaning at these small sizes considerably reduced the live food period. Based on the present knowledge of the energetic demands of this species, it is calculated that weaning at 0.07 g compared with 0.25 g will reduce the amount of Artemia needed by at least 60%. No differences in pigmentation or degree of completed eye migration were detected between groups, indicating that this is determined at earlier developmental stages. [source]


Concentrations of ketone body and antidiuretic hormone in cerebrospinal fluid in response to the intra-ruminal administration of butyrate in suckling calves

ANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL, Issue 6 2009
Tsunenori IRIKI
ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism by which ketone bodies increase antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion. Four male Holstein calves (5 weeks of age) were utilized. Four levels of butyrate (0 g, 11 g, 22 g and 44 g) were administrated intra-ruminally in a 4 × 4 Latin square design and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF, six-position lumbar puncture), blood plasma and urine were collected. The concentration of total plasma and CSF protein was 5.5,5.6 g/dL and 27.5,28.3 mg/dL, respectively. CSF concentrations of a specific ketone body, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, were significantly higher in the 22 g and 44 g butyrate groups than in the control group. CSF concentrations of ADH in the 11 g and 44 g butyrate groups were significantly higher than in the control group. Plasma concentration of 3-hydroxybutyric acid was increased by intraruminal administration of butyrate within 15 min in a dose-dependent manner, and it was higher in the 22 g and 44 g butyrate group than in the control group from 15 min to 4 h. With the exception of the 11 g butyrate group, plasma concentrations of ADH also increased in response to butyrate treatment, and it was higher in the 44 g butyrate group than in the 22 g butyrate group from 15 min to 1.5 h. The duration of the elevated plasma concentrations of ADH was shorter than that of the plasma concentration of 3-hydroxybutyric acid. The relationship between the plasma concentrations of ADH and 3-hydroxybutyric acid was statistically significant but the correlation between the two concentrations was not high. Butyrate treatment elevated the plasma concentration of ADH and also resulted in reduced urine volume and increased urine osmolality. Haematocrit (Ht) values, and the osmolality of CSF and plasma were not different among the groups. Our results suggested that the increased ADH secretion observed in suckling calves fed dry feeds was caused by butyrate-derived ketone body that crossed the blood-brain barrier rapidly. [source]


Water immersion time reduces the preference of juvenile tropical spiny lobster Panulirus ornatus for pelleted dry feeds and fresh mussel

AQUACULTURE NUTRITION, Issue 6 2005
K.C. WILLIAMS
Abstract Development of a pelleted dry feed as an alternative to feeding fresh fishery by-catch is an environmental priority for tropical spiny lobster aquaculture. Earlier studies have shown the lobster's acceptance of pelleted dry feed diminishes rapidly after immersion in water. In this work, we quantified the rate at which dry matter, total protein, soluble protein and individual and total free amino acids were lost from pieces of green-lipped mussel Perna canaliculus, a commercially-extruded Penaeus japonicus (kuruma) shrimp feed (KSF) and four laboratory-made, fishmeal-based, pelleted feeds upon immersion for up to 7.5 h. The laboratory-made feeds contained homogenates of either green-lipped mussel, polychaete (Marphysa sanguinea), prawn (Metapenaeus bennettae) or squid (Sepioteuthis spp.). After being immersed in water for 0, 2.5 or 5 h, these same feeds were offered as a paired choice with KSF in two preference feeding studies with juvenile Panulirus ornatus lobsters. The loobster's preference for fresh mussel always exceeded that of KSF, irrespective of immersion time. Regression of the proportional intake of test feeds against the relative leach rate of KSF identified soluble protein, glycine and taurine as the principal leachate components having the highest positive correlations with the lobster's feeding preference. [source]


Four beds pressure swing adsorption for hydrogen purification: Case of humid feed and activated carbon beds

AICHE JOURNAL, Issue 9 2009
Ana M. Ribeiro
Abstract The novelty of this manuscript is the study of purification of hydrogen from a mixture of H2/CO2/CH4/CO/N2 saturated in water vapor. Simulations results of fixed bed behavior and of an eight steps PSA process are presented using an activated carbon as adsorbent. Several operating conditions were considered, namely different feed flow rates, humid/dry feed and adiabatic/nonadiabatic operation. Simulation with single column PSA showed that a 99.9979% purity hydrogen stream could be obtained with a recovery of 71.3% and a productivity of 63.9 mol/kgads/day. The simulation of a four columns PSA predicted a decrease in H2 purity to 99.8193% for the same operating conditions, due to the impurities present in the recycled stream of the continuous multicolumn process. To increase the hydrogen purity above 99.99%, the feed time was decreased 25%. Thus, the multicolumn simulation predicted a hydrogen recovery, purity, and productivity, respectively, of 62.7%, 99.9992%, and 55.2 mol/kgads/day. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009 [source]