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Drug Regimes (drug + regime)
Selected AbstractsThe power of cueing to circumvent dopamine deficits: A review of physical therapy treatment of gait disturbances in Parkinson's diseaseMOVEMENT DISORDERS, Issue 6 2002Tamar C. Rubinstein MSc Abstract Gait disturbances are among the primary symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) and contribute significantly to a patient's loss of function and independence. Standard treatment includes antiparkinsonian drugs, primarily levodopa. In addition to the standard drug regime, physical therapy is often prescribed to help manage the disease. In recent years, there have been promising reports of physical therapy programs combined with various types of sensory cueing for PD. In this brief review of the literature, we summarize the evidence regarding the clinical efficacy of different physical therapy programs for PD, specifically with respect to improving gait. We also discuss the potential therapeutic mechanisms of sensory cueing and review the studies that have used cueing in the treatment of gait in PD. This review of the literature shows two key findings: (1) despite its relatively long history, the evidence supporting the efficacy of conventional physical therapy for treatment of gait in PD is not strong; and (2) although further investigation is needed, sensory cueing appears to be a powerful means of improving gait in PD. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society [source] Drug Policy and the Public Good: a summary of the bookADDICTION, Issue 7 2010Drugs, Public Policy Group ABSTRACT Drug Policy and the Public Good was written by an international group of scientists from the fields of addiction, public health, criminology and policy studies to improve the linkages between drug research and drug policy. The book provides a conceptual basis for evidence-informed drug policy and describes epidemiological data on the global dimensions of drug misuse. The core of the book is a critical review of the cumulative scientific evidence in five general areas of drug policy: primary prevention programmes in schools and other settings; health and social services for drug users; attempts to control the supply of drugs, including the international treaty system; law enforcement and ventures into decriminalization; and control of the psychotropic substance market through prescription drug regimes. The final chapters discuss the current state of drug policies in different parts of the world and describe the need for future approaches to drug policy that are coordinated and informed by evidence. [source] Chronic lung disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected children,PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY, Issue 1 2008Heather J. Zar Abstract The development of chronic lung disease is common in HIV-infected children. The spectrum of chronic HIV-associated lung disease includes lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP), chronic infections, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), bronchiectasis, malignancies, and interstitial pneumonitis. Chronic lung disease may result from recurrent or persistent pneumonia due to bacterial, mycobacterial, viral, fungal or mixed infections. In high tuberculosis (TB) prevalence areas, M. tuberculosis is an important cause of chronic respiratory illness. With increasing availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for children in developing countries, a rise in the incidence of IRIS due to mycobacterial or other infections is being reported. Diagnosis of chronic lung disease is based on chronic symptoms and persistent chest X-ray changes but definitive diagnosis can be difficult as clinical and radiological findings may be non-specific. Distinguishing LIP from miliary TB remains a difficult challenge in HIV-infected children living in high TB prevalence areas. Treatment includes therapy for specific infections, pulmonary clearance techniques, corticosteroids for children with LIP who are hypoxic or who have airway compression from tuberculous nodes and HAART. Children who are taking TB therapy and HAART need adjustments in their drug regimes to minimize drug interactions and ensure efficacy. Preventative strategies include immunization, chemoprophylaxis, and micronutrient supplementation. Early use of HAART may prevent the development of chronic lung disease. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:1,10. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Annotation: Paediatric HIV InfectionTHE JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES, Issue 4 2001Rebekah Lwin HIV and AIDS have made a huge global impact, permeating the social, cultural, and economic fabric of almost all nations. The first cases of HIV infection in children were reported in the late 1980s and numbers have since risen steadily throughout the world, with some of the poorest and least developed countries experiencing the highest prevalence. Combined drug regimes have changed the course of HIV-related illness and brought increased survival to those for whom treatment is available. With this, however, have come fresh concerns relating to drug resistance, treatment adherence, and the risk of second-generation vertical transmission as HIV-infected children now survive into adulthood and beyond. The psychological literature has addressed issues such as the direct effect of HIV on child development, social and cultural attitudes, family functioning and support, affected children and orphans of HIV-infected parents, sexual health education, disclosure of diagnosis, and long-term clinical management. The outcome for those living in wealthier countries is optimistic, but the spread of this virus in the rest of the world and its impact on family life and social and political systems remains of great concern. [source] | ||||||||||