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Drug Ingestion (drug + ingestion)
Selected AbstractsPersistent post-sclerotherapy pigmentation due to minocycline.JOURNAL OF COSMETIC DERMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2002Three cases, a review of post-sclerotherapy pigmentation Summary, Background, Post-sclerotherapy pigmentation, usually overlying the treated veins and independent of any drug ingestion, is common. This pigmentation is brown and represents haemosiderin and sometimes melanin as well. It usually slowly fades over a period of months, only uncommonly persisting for years. Cutaneous pigmentation due to minocycline ingestion is a known but rare adverse effect. It usually appears as a round or irregular shaped patch that is dark blue to black, representing minocycline moieties and iron complexes. Its persistence for years is common. Clinically and histopathologically, these two causes of pigmentation are quite distinct. In the absence of ulceration, minocycline pigmentation koebnerised by sclerotherapy has not previously been reported. Aims, To determine the nature of the pigmentation appearing in three patients who had been taking minocycline at the time, or shortly after, they had received sclerotherapy. Clinically, although this pigmentation had the usual distribution observed after sclerotherapy, it was persistent and appeared dark blue to black. Results, The persistent post-sclerotherapy linear pigmentation observed in all three patients had the characteistics of minocycline pigmentation. Conclusions, This is the first report of such minocycline-aggravated post-sclerotherapy pigmentation. Persistent post-sclerotherapy pigmentation caused by minocycline is a risk associated with ingestion of this drug. Patients need to be warned of this risk because, unlike post-sclerotherapy pigmentation that develops in the absence of drug ingestion, minocycline-aggravated post-sclerotherapy pigmentation may persist for years. [source] Does an Energy Drink Modify the Effects of Alcohol in a Maximal Effort Test?ALCOHOLISM, Issue 9 2004Sionaldo Eduardo Ferreira Background: There are popular reports on the combined use of alcohol and energy drinks (such as Red Bull® and similar beverages, which contain caffeine, taurine, carbohydrates, etc.) to reduce the depressant effects of alcohol on central nervous system, but no controlled studies have been performed. The main purpose of this study was to verify the effects of alcohol, and alcohol combined with energy drink, on the performance of volunteers in a maximal effort test (cycle ergometer) and also on physiological indicators (oxygen uptake, ventilatory threshold, respiratory exchange rate, heart rate, and blood pressure), biochemical variables (glucose, lactate, insulin, cortisol, ACTH, dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline), and blood alcohol levels. Methods: Fourteen healthy subjects completed a double-blind protocol made up of four sessions: control (water), alcohol (1.0 g/kg), energy drink (3.57 ml/kg Red Bull®), and alcohol + energy drink, each 1 week apart. The effort test began 60 min after drug or control ingestion, and the dependent variables were measured until 60 min after the test. Results: Heart rate at the ventilatory threshold was higher in the alcohol and alcohol + energy drink sessions in comparison with control and energy drink sessions. Although in comparison to the control session, the peak oxygen uptake was 5.0% smaller after alcohol ingestion, 1.4% smaller after energy drink, and 2.7% smaller after the combined ingestion, no significant differences were detected. Lactate levels (30 min after drug ingestion, 30 and 60 min after the effort test) and noradrenaline levels (30 min after the effort test) were higher in the alcohol and alcohol + energy drink sessions compared with the control session. Conclusions: The performance in the maximal effort test observed after alcohol + energy drink ingestion was similar to that observed after alcohol only. No significant differences between alcohol and alcohol + energy drink were detected in the physiological and biochemical parameters analyzed. Our findings suggest that energy drinks, at least in the tested doses, did not improve performance or reduce alterations induced by acute alcohol ingestion. [source] Erythema multiforme photoinduced by statinsPHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE, Issue 4 2010Laura Rodríguez-Pazos We report two cases of systemic photosensitivity induced by simvastatin and pravastatin that presented as photodistributed erythema multiforme. One of them occurred in a 75-year-old woman who had been suffering recurrent eruptions following sun exposures over a period of 12 years. The other patient was a 54-year-old man who had a 1-week history of pruritic lesions on the face and the hands. They had no history of herpes simplex virus infection. In both cases, the close temporal relationship between drug ingestion and onset of the conditions suggested statin-induced photosensitivity. The diagnosis was confirmed by the marked reduction of UVB-MED or both UVA and UVB-MED while taking the drug and its normalization after discontinuing the statin intake. [source] Erythema multiforme-like eruption localized to a sun-exposed areaPHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE, Issue 2 2010Sevgi Akarsu We report on a 35-year-old woman with cutaneous lesions characterized by an erythema multiforme-like appearance localized in the photo-distributed pattern. She had no history of systemic drug ingestion, herpes simplex virus or any other infection, possible causes of erythema multiforme, before the sun exposure. She had normal tolerance to a phototest, but photoprovocation tests could not be performed because she did not agree to them. This case was diagnosed to be an erythema multiforme-like variant of a polymorphous light eruption; the differential diagnosis of target-like lesions in a photo-distributed pattern is discussed. [source] Ingestion of multiple veterinary drugs and associated impact on vulture health: implications of livestock carcass elimination practicesANIMAL CONSERVATION, Issue 6 2009G. Blanco Abstract Veterinary drugs present in livestock carcasses may be ingested by scavengers and may cause important declines in their populations, as reported for diclofenac in Asia. Drug content of carcasses may depend on the prevailing livestock operations and legal regulations for carcass elimination. In Spain, the main stronghold of vultures in Europe, legal measures to mitigate the spread of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) have caused the lack or scarcity of unstabled livestock carcasses available for avian scavengers, and the parallel increase in use of dumps of livestock carcasses supplied by farms, especially of intensively medicated pigs and poultry. We evaluated temporal trends in the presence and concentration of antibiotics and other veterinary drugs, and their associated health impacts on three vulture species, due to the ban of abandoning unstabled livestock carcasses in the countryside since the BSE crisis. An increasing presence and concentration of antibiotics since the BSE crisis, and residues of three non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) and four anti-parasitics were found in the vultures. Quinolones were associated with infection by opportunistic pathogens in the three species and with generalized damage to internal organs in the cinereous vulture, but no clear health impacts of NSAIDs and anti-parasitics were found. Given that there is no evidence of BSE transmission risk due to the abandonment of unstabled livestock carcasses in the countryside, this traditional practice in the Mediterranean region should be legalized in order to increase the availability, dispersion and quality of food for threatened scavengers. Once legalized, this practice should be prioritized over the spatially concentrated disposal of large amounts of carcasses from medicated stabled livestock to reduce the risk and effects of drug ingestion and acquisition and transmission of pathogens by vultures. [source] Comparison of clozapine and haloperidol on some autonomic and psychomotor functions, and on serum prolactin concentration, in healthy subjectsBRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Issue 3 2001J. L. Pretorius Aims To compare the autonomic, neuroendocrine and psychomotor effects of single doses of the ,atypical' antipsychotic clozapine and the ,classical' antipsychotic haloperidol, in healthy male volunteers. Methods Clozapine (50 mg), haloperidol (3 mg) and placebo were administered to 12 healthy male volunteers at weekly intervals, according to a balanced double-blind design. Resting pupil diameter, salivary output, heart rate, blood pressure, plasma prolactin concentration, critical flicker fusion frequency and subjective ,alertness', ,contentedness' and ,anxiety' were measured at baseline and 2, 3, 4 and 5 h after drug ingestion. Data were analysed by analysis of variance with individual comparisons (Dunnett's test) with a significance criterion of P < 0.05. Results Significant treatment effects (difference from placebo [mean, 95% CI] 5 h after drug ingestion) were as follows: clozapine reduced pupil diameter (mm; ,3.02 [,3.56, ,2.47]), salivary output (g; ,0.34 [,0.60, ,0.08]), mean arterial blood pressure (mm Hg; ,8.7 [,14.3, ,3.1]), critical flicker fusion frequency (Hz; ,3.26 [,3.94, ,2.58]), and subjectively-rated ,alertness' (mm; ,20.94 [,29.21, ,12.67]) and ,contentedness' (mm; ,12.98 [,17.90, ,8.06]), whereas haloperidol increased prolactin concentration (mU l,1; 301.3 [196.7, 405.8]) and caused small reductions in pupil diameter (mm; ,0.68 [,1.23, ,0.14]), mean arterial blood pressure (mm Hg; ,7.0 [,12.6, ,1.4]) and critical flicker fusion frequency (Hz; ,1.15 [,1.83, ,0.47]). Conclusions The effects of the antipsychotics are in agreement with their receptor binding profiles: ,1 -adrenoceptor blockade by clozapine may contribute to reductions in pupil diameter, salivation, mean arterial blood pressure and sedation, and muscarinic cholinoceptor blockade by the drug may underlie the reduction in salivation. Conversely, D2 dopamine receptor blockade by haloperidol is likely to be responsible for the increase in prolactin secretion evoked by the drug. [source] Effectiveness of delayed activated charcoal administration in simulated paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdoseBRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Issue 1 2000P. J. A. Yeates Aims,Oral activated charcoal is used to treat drug overdose and is effective at reducing drug absorption when administered within 1 h of drug ingestion. There are fewer data on efficacy when the delay is longer, as is the case in most drug overdoses. This study investigated the efficacy of activated charcoal at preventing paracetamol (acetaminophen) absorption after simulated overdose when administration was delayed between 1 and 4 h. Methods,An open randomized-order four-way crossover study was performed in healthy volunteers comparing the effect of activated charcoal 50 g on the absorption of 3 g paracetamol tablets when administered after an interval of 1, 2 or 4 h or not at all. Plasma paracetamol concentrations were measured over 9 h after paracetamol ingestion using h.p.l.c. and areas under the curve between 4 and 9 h (AUC(4,9 h)) calculated as a measure of paracetamol absorption. Results,Activated charcoal significantly reduced paracetamol AUC(4,9 h)when administered after 1 h (mean reduction 56%; 95% Confidence intervals 34, 78; P<0.002) or 2 h (22%; 6, 39; P<0.03) but not after 4 h (8%; ,8, 24). When administered after 1 h activated charcoal reduced individual plasma paracetamol concentrations significantly at all times between 4 and 9 h after paracetamol administration. Administration at 2 or 4 h had no significant effect. Conclusions,These results in healthy volunteers cannot be extrapolated directly to poisoned patients. However, they provide no evidence of efficacy for activated charcoal when administered after an interval of more than 2 h. [source] | ||||||||||