Dramatic Consequences (dramatic + consequence)

Distribution by Scientific Domains


Selected Abstracts


Reprogramming of a Malonic N-Heterocyclic Carbene: A Simple Backbone Modification with Dramatic Consequences on the Ligand's Donor Properties

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 3 2010
Vincent César
Abstract Reaction of N,N, -dimesitylformamidine with dimethylmalonyl dichloride in dichloromethane in the presence of an excess of triethylamine gives the 2-chloro-4,5-dioxohexahydropyrimidine 1. The corresponding diamidocarbene 3 is generated in situ by further deprotonation with KHMDS at ,40 °C and identified by trapping with S8 to give the fully characterized (including X-ray structure) sulfur adduct 4. It also reacts with [RhCl(cod)]2 to yield the NHC complex [RhCl(3)(cod)] (5) (characterized also by X-ray structure). The donor properties of 3 were evaluated against the established IR [,(CO)] scale from [RhCl(3)(CO)2] (6). The average value of ,(CO) = 2045 cm,1 indicates that the diamidocarbene 3 is much less nucleophilic than structurally relevant six-membered NHCs including the anionic diaminocarbenes previously reported in our group. [source]


A critical step for postsynaptic F-actin organization: Regulation of Baz/Par-3 localization by aPKC and PTEN

DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROBIOLOGY, Issue 9 2009
Preethi Ramachandran
Abstract Actin remodeling has emerged as a critical process during synapse development and plasticity. Thus, understanding the regulatory mechanisms controlling actin organization at synapses is exceedingly important. Here, we used the highly plastic Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ) to understand mechanisms of actin remodeling at postsynaptic sites. Previous studies have suggested that the actin-binding proteins Spectrin and Coracle play a critical role in NMJ development and the anchoring of glutamate receptors most likely through actin regulation. Here, we show that an additional determinant of actin organization at the postsynaptic region is the PDZ protein Baz/Par-3. Decreasing Baz levels in postsynaptic muscles has dramatic consequences for the size of F-actin and spectrin domains at the postsynaptic region. In turn, proper localization of Baz at this site depends on both phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events. Baz phosphorylation by its binding partner, atypical protein kinase C (aPKC), is required for normal Baz targeting to the postsynaptic region. However, the retention of Baz at this site depends on its dephosphorylation mediated by the lipid and protein phosphatase PTEN. Misregulation of the phosphorylation state of Baz by genetic alterations in PTEN or aPKC activity has detrimental consequences for postsynaptic F-actin and spectrin localization, synaptic growth, and receptor localization. Our results provide a novel mechanism of postsynaptic actin regulation through Baz, governed by the antagonistic actions of aPKC and PTEN. Given the conservation of these proteins from worms to mammals, these results are likely to provide new insight into actin organization pathways. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 2009 [source]


A Review of Udo Schnelle and Francis Watson on Paul

DIALOG, Issue 1 2007
David L. Balch
Abstract:, Since E. P. Sanders introduced the "new perspective" on Paul, Lutherans have had to ask again: did Luther understand Paul on the Mosaic law? The two books reviewed here carry forward the discussion Sanders began. Udo Schnelle's Apostle Paul makes two methodological choices with dramatic consequences for understanding Paul's theology and letters: 1) Paul was in direct dialogue with the Greco-Roman culture of the cities where he preached the gospel and founded churches, and 2) Paul's Christology, ethics, and eschatology developed and changed in relation to the religious and political crises through which he struggled. Francis Watson's Paul and the Hermeneutics of Faith makes an obvious but novel decision to focus on the five books of Moses as read by Paul in dialogue with other contemporary Jewish interpreters, arguing that Paul's view of the "law" is his counter-reading of the five books of Torah. Paul's hermeneutic exploits tensions and anomalies in the text of Torah itself, enabling him to emphasize God's promise, not the human deeds of scriptural heroes. [source]


The ecological and evolutionary significance of frost in the context of climate change

ECOLOGY LETTERS, Issue 5 2000
D.W. Inouye
The effects that below-freezing temperature (frost) can have at times of year when it is unusual are an interesting ecological phenomenon that has received little attention. The physiological consequence of formation of ice crystals in plant tissue is often death of the plants, or at least of sensitive parts that can include flower buds, ovaries, and leaves. The loss of potential for sexual reproduction can have long-lasting effects on the demography of annuals and long-lived perennials, because the short-term negative effects of frosts can result in longer-term benefits through lowered populations of seed predators. The loss of host plants can have dramatic consequences for herbivores, even causing local extinctions, and the loss of just flowers can also affect populations of seed predators and their parasitoids. Frosts can cause local extinctions and influence the geographical distribution of some species. The potential for global climate change to influence the frequency and distribution of frost events is uncertain, but it seems likely that they may become more frequent in some areas and less frequent in others. [source]


The influence of temperature on advective loss of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) eggs from the inshore environment

FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY, Issue 4 2001
Ian R. Bradbury
We use a simple model of temperature-dependent egg development and mortality to develop several hypotheses concerning the effect of temperature on the occurrence of eggs of Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, in Placentia Bay, Newfoundland. Predictions from this exploratory model were tested through a series of synoptic ichthyoplankton surveys throughout spawning and postspawning periods during 1997 and 1998. Although several egg mortality relationships were explored through the simulation, a constant mortality rate best represented the pattern observed in the two years of data. Peaks in late stage egg densities occurred in August of both 1997 and 1998 and were apparently decoupled from egg production peaks in April. We observed a decrease in mortality and the distance dispersed during egg development with increases in water temperature. We suggest that the effects of predation are small relative to the advective effects within this system, and that the interaction between advection and temperature-dependent vital rates of eggs may have dramatic consequences for coastal retention of propagules produced by inshore spawning events. [source]


Temporal patterns of breeding and recruitment in Nerophis lumbriciformis(Pisces; Syngnathidae) related to seawater temperatures

JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY, Issue 5 2005
N. M. Monteiro
The breeding season of Nerophis lumbriciformis, a cold water pipefish, was positively correlated with seawater temperatures <15·5° C, whilst recruitment occurred at the end of the upwelling season, when seawater temperature attained its maximum values. The observed alterations in seawater temperatures, with steady year-round increases, and the consequent alteration of the upwelling regime, may have dramatic consequences in the maintenance of N. lumbriciformis populations, by reducing the breeding period and simultaneously contributing to the transport of pelagic larvae northwards due to specific sea currents that occur outside the upwelling season. [source]


Dairy cows trapped between performance demands and adaptability,

JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 7 2009
Wilhelm Knaus
Abstract The tremendous increase in the lactation performance of dairy cows during the last 60 years has had dramatic consequences on fertility and vitality (fitness) of the animals. Unprecedented average lactation performance levels have resulted in an equally unprecedented reduction in longevity. Economic pressure to further reduce the age at first calving is still high, although the negative correlation between precocious maturity and longevity is well documented in the relevant literature. Ever more aggressive selection and feeding measures are being taken to shorten the rearing time of heifers in order to reduce the cost of replacement heifers. An additional decrease in the stayability of cows has to be expected when the age at first calving is lowered even further. For reasons of profitability, dairy cows should complete an average of at least four lactations. Cows from the most important dairy breeds in the United States and Bavaria, Germany, already dropped below that crucial threshold many years ago. The same phenomenon has been observed in dairy cows in Austria over the past few years. Holstein cows that were culled in Austria in 2007 had an average of only 3.3 parities. To improve this situation, dairy cattle breeding programs should put a much higher emphasis on selection for traits of longevity and lifetime performance and, in return, markedly reduce the emphasis on selection for lactation performance in general and early-lactation performance test results in particular. Over millions of years of evolutionary adaptation, cattle have acquired the ability to utilize fibrous low-quality plant substrate. Only a strongly forage-based feeding regimen is, in the long run, in accordance with their digestive and metabolic configuration. The massive use of concentrates (mostly grain) in cattle rations increases the risk of digestive and metabolic disorders in cattle and consequently leads to impaired animal welfare. Finally, the careful management of scarce resources demands that a closer look be taken at the food balance in dairy rations, i.e., an awareness of how much food that is edible for humans is being fed to livestock. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry [source]


Tsunami generation and propagation from the Mjølnir asteroid impact

METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE, Issue 9 2007
S. Glimsdal
The geological structure resulting from the impact is today known as the Mjølnir crater. The present work attempts to model the generation and the propagation of the tsunami from the Mjølnir impact. A multi-material hydrocode SOVA is used to model the impact and the early stages of tsunami generation, while models based on shallow-water theories are used to study the subsequent wave propagation in the paleo-Barents Sea. We apply several wave models of varying computational complexity. This includes both three-dimensional and radially symmetric weakly dispersive and nonlinear Boussinesq equations, as well as equations based on nonlinear ray theory. These tsunami models require a reconstruction of the bathymetry of the paleo-Barents Sea. The Mjølnir tsunami is characteristic of large bolides impacting in shallow sea; in this case the asteroid was about 1.6 km in diameter and the water depth was around 400 m. Contrary to earthquake- and slide-generated tsunamis, this tsunami featured crucial dispersive and nonlinear effects: a few minutes after the impact, the ocean surface was formed into an undular bore, which developed further into a train of solitary waves. Our simulations indicate wave amplitudes above 200 m, and during shoaling the waves break far from the coastlines in rather deep water. The tsunami induced strong bottom currents, in the range of 30,90 km/h, which presumably caused a strong reworking of bottom sediments with dramatic consequences for the marine environment. [source]


Successful Treatment of Severe Orthostatic Hypotension with Cardiac Tachypacing in Dual Chamber Pacemakers

PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 1 2000
HARUHIKO ABE
Orthostatic hypotension is an evolving and disabling disease usually observed in elderly patients with dramatic consequences on morbidity, mortality, and impairing the quality of life. We studied the effects of the pacing rate and AV interval on the blood pressure drop in the upright position in two patients with previously implanted pacemakers for sinus node dysfunction. Although the AV interval did not affect the blood pressure drop in the upright position, tachypacing at 100 paces/min improved it dramatically and prevented syncope. Cardiac tachypacing is a useful therapeutic option in severe refractory Orthostatic hypotensive patients, especially those with chronotropic incompetence. [source]


"Between Mamas": The Anthropology of a Dispute, or,The Perils of Having Sons in the Field

ANTHROPOLOGY & HUMANISM, Issue 1 2002
Bilinda StraightArticle first published online: 28 JUN 200
This article both narrates and analyzes a conflict that my son and I were the center of in 1994 while I was conducting fieldwork with Samburu pastoralists in Northern Kenya. I draw upon a classic anthropological literature on conflict, most notably Gulliver's notion of "prehistory" to enframe a discussion of the participants' motivations, including my own. In discussing the moot held to settle the conflict and its dramatic consequences, I address the issues of inside/outside status and the role of our interlocutors in constructing our ethnographic personae in a mutually transforming process. [source]


Effects of sinus lifting on voice quality

CLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 6 2003
A prospective study, risk assessment
Abstract: A variety of potential complications associated with sinus lift surgery have been reported in the literature. However, potential alterations of voice quality following sinus elevation have so far not been mentioned or evaluated scientifically. For the majority of patients, slight changes of the voice pattern are of no importance. However, for voice professionals, whose voices have become part of their distinctive profession or trademark, minimal changes may have dramatic consequences. This specific group of patients, such as speakers, actors and singers, depend on the particular quality and timbre of their voice for their livelihood. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to assess the effects of sinus lifting on voice quality in the above patient group. In a collaborative interdisciplinary effort, the Departments of Oral Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, Section of Phoniatrics and Logopedics, thoroughly evaluated a series of voice parameters of four patients undergoing sinus lifting pre- and postoperatively. The parameters analyzed included pitch, dynamic range, sound pressure level, percent jitter, percent shimmer and noise-to-harmonics ratio with special emphasis on formant analysis. No changes were detected in any of the commonly evaluated parameters. These were rated subjectively by patients and their friends or relatives and objectively with instrumental tools under isolated phoniatric lab conditions. In conclusion, sinus lift surgery appears to be a safe, predictable evidence-based method for regenerating the highly atrophic posterior maxilla, which does not jeopardize the individual characteristic voice pattern of high-profile patients critically dependent on their voices for their livelihood. Résumé Quelques complications potentielles associées à la chirurgie d'épaississement du plancher sinusal ont été rapportées dans la littérature. Les altérations potentielles de la qualité de la voix suivant l'épaississement du plancher sinusal n'ont pas encore été mentionnées et évaluées scientifiquement. Pour la majorité des patients, des petites variations dans le timbre de la voix ne sont pas importantes. Cependant, pour les professionnels de la phonation pour lesquels la voix est devenue une partie importante de leur profession, des variations même faibles peuvent entraîner des conséquences dramatiques. Ce groupe spécifique de patients, tels que les orateurs, les acteurs et les chanteurs dépendent essentiellement de la qualité et du timbre particulier de leur voix dans leur vie professionnelle. Par conséquent, le but de cette étude a été d'estimer les effets d'un épaississement du sinus sur la qualité de la voix dans ce groupe de patients. Dans un effort interdisciplinaire collaboratif, les départements de chirurgie buccale et d'otorhino-laringologie, la section de phonétique et de logopédie ont évalué de manière très précise une série de paramètres de la voix avant et après l'opération chez quatre patients ayant subi un épaississement du sinus maxillare. Les paramètres analysés contenaient la hauteur, l'étalement, le niveau de pression du son, le pourcentage de trac, le pourcentage de chatoiements et la proportion bruit-harmonie avec une insistance spéciale sur l'analyse du formant. Aucun changement n'a été détecté dans aucun des paramètres évalués couramment. Ces derniers étaient estimés subjectivement par les patients et par leurs amis ou parents, et objectivement à l'aide des instruments sous des conditions de laboratoire de phonétique isolé. En conclusion, la chirugie d'épaississement du plancher sinusal semble une méthode sûre, avec un pronostic basé sur l'évidence, permettant de regénérer les maxillaires très atrophiés qui n'empêche pas la caractéristique individuelle de la voix chez des patients avec des profils où la voix est essentielle à leur vie active. Zusammenfassung Der Einfluss einer Sinusbodenelevation auf die Stimmqualität, eine Langzeitstudie und Risikoanalyse. In der Literatur werden eine ganze Reihe von möglichen Komplikationen beschrieben, die bei dem chirurgischen Eingriff der Sinusbodenelevation auftreten können. Veränderungen der Stimme, die als Folge einer Sinusbodenelevation vorkommen können, wurden aber bis heute weder beschrieben, noch wissenschaftlich ausgewertet. Für den Grossteil der Patienten haben leichte Veränderungen der Stimme keine Bedeutung. Für Personen aber, deren Stimme bei der Ausübung ihres Berufes wichtig ist, eventuell ein Teil ihres Berufes oder gar Markenzeichen geworden ist, können kleine Veränderungen dramatische Folgen haben. Diese ausgewählte Gruppe von Patienten, wie zum Beispiel Nachrichtensprecher, Schauspieler oder Sänger, sind im täglichen Leben auf die spezifische Art und den Klang ihrer Stimme angewiesen. Daher war das Ziel dieser Studie, Einflüsse einer Sinusbodenelevation auf die Stimmqualität bei den oben erwähnten Patienten zu untersuchen. In einer interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit untersuchten die Klinik für Oralchirurgie und Otorhinolaryngologie und die Abteilung für Phonetik und Logopädie an 4 Patienten vor und nach der Sinusbodenelevation sehr eingehend verschiedene Parameter der Stimme. Die untersuchten Parameter waren Tonhöhe, Tonvolumen, den durch den Ton erzeugten Luftdruck, Schwingungen, Vibrationen und das Verhältnis zwischen Nebengeräuschen und harmonischem Klang mit speziellem Augenmerk auf formative Analysen. Man erkannte bei keinem der oben untersuchten Parametern eine Veränderung. Sie wurden sowohl subjektiv durch die Patienten und ihre Freunde oder Verwandten, sowie objektiv mit Messinstrumenten unter absolut schallisolierten Laborbedingungen gemessen. Über die Sinusbodenelevation kann man zusammenfassend sagen, dass es sich um eine sichere, voraussagbare und auf wissenschaftlichen Grundlagen basierende Operationsmethode zum Wiederaufbau einer massiv athrophischen Maxilla im Seitenzahnbereich handelt. Sie gefährdet die individuellen Stimmcharakteristika von kritischen und sehr anspruchsvollen Patienten, die in ihrem täglichen Leben auf ihre charakteristische Stimme angwiesen sind, nicht. Resumen Se han descrito en la literatura una variedad de complicaciones asociadas con la cirugía de la elevación del seno. Pero hasta el momento no se han mencionado ni evaluado científicamente alteraciones potenciales de la calidad de voz tras la elevación del seno. Para la mayoría de los pacientes, pequeños cambios en el patrón de voz no tienen importancia. De todos modos, en los profesionales de la voz, cuyas voces se han convertido en parte distintiva de su profesión o marca, pequeños cambios pueden tener consecuencias dramáticas. Este grupo específico de pacientes, tales como locutores, actores y cantantes, dependen de la calidad particular y timbre de su voz para su sustento. Consecuentemente, el propósito de este estudio fue valorar los efectos de la elevación del seno en la calidad de voz en el anterior grupo de pacientes. En un esfuerzo de colaboración interdisciplinaria, los departamentos de Cirugía Oral y Otorrinolaringología, Sección de Foniatría y Logopedia, evaluaron e profundidad una serie de parámetros de voz de 4 pacientes que se someterían a elevación del seno pre y postoperatoriamente. Los parámetros analizados incluyeron tono, rango dinámico, nivel de presión sonoro, porcentaje de reverberación, porcentaje de tremulación y relación ruido a harmónicos con especial énfasis en el análisis formante. No se detectaron cambios en ninguno de los parámetros evaluados comúnmente. Estos se valoraron subjetivamente por los pacientes y sus amigos o parientes y objetivamente por herramientas instrumentales bajo condiciones de laboratorio de aislamiento foniátrico. En definitiva, la cirugía de elevación del seno parece ser un método seguro, predecible basado en la evidencia para regenerar el maxilar posterior altamente atrófico, que no pone en peligro las características del patrón de voz de los pacientes de características especiales dependientes de manera crítica de sus voces para su sustento. [source]