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Dominant Markers (dominant + marker)
Selected AbstractsDetection of carcinomas in an asymptomatic Chinese population: advantage of screening with multiple tumor markersJOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY ANALYSIS, Issue 2 2006Kuo-Chien Tsao Abstract A total of 73,443 asymptomatic individuals were screened on a voluntary basis for cancer at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan using a panel of tumor markers, including alpha fetoprotein (AFP), CA 125, CA 15-3, CA 19-9, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), prostate specific antigen (PSA), chromogranin A (CgA), and squamous cell specific antigen (SCC). The results are derived from data collected from January 1998 to October 2003. A total of 210 cancers (approximately 0.3%) were detected, including cancers of the liver, lung, colon, prostate, stomach, pancreas, breast, cervix, ovary, and bladder. Of the tumor markers monitored, elevated CA 19-9, CEA, and CA 125 were the most frequently detected in a variety of cancers. It was surprising to find that many cancers were not detected by their dominant markers but by the elevation of tumor markers not recommended for monitoring their tumor activity. Screening with multiple circulating tumor markers provides improved sensitivity for cancer detection in asymptomatic individuals before they reach the fatal advanced stage. Screening with multiple tumor markers also allows cancers to be detected in the absence of their dominant markers. If we had not measured the multiple tumor markers, these cancers would have gone undetected. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 20:42,46, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Comparing three different methods to detect selective loci using dominant markersJOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY, Issue 10 2010A. PÉREZ-FIGUEROA Abstract We carried out a simulation study to compare the efficiency of three alternative programs (dfdist, detseld and bayescan) to detect loci under directional selection from genome-wide scans using dominant markers. We also evaluated the efficiency of correcting for multiple testing those methods that use a classical probability approach. Under a wide range of scenarios, we conclude that bayescan appears to be more efficient than the other methods, detecting a usually high percentage of true selective loci as well as less than 1% of outliers (false positives) under a fully neutral model. In addition, the percentage of outliers detected by this software is always correlated with the true percentage of selective loci in the genome. Our results show, nevertheless, that false positives are common even with a combination of methods and multitest correction, suggesting that conclusions obtained from this approach should be taken with extreme caution. [source] Estimation of pairwise relatedness between individuals and characterization of isolation-by-distance processes using dominant genetic markersMOLECULAR ECOLOGY, Issue 6 2003Olivier J. Hardy Abstract A new estimator of the pairwise relatedness coefficient between individuals adapted to dominant genetic markers is developed. This estimator does not assume genotypes to be in Hardy,Weinberg proportions but requires a knowledge of the departure from these proportions (i.e. the inbreeding coefficient). Simulations show that the estimator provides accurate estimates, except for some particular types of individual pairs such as full-sibs, and performs better than a previously developed estimator. When comparing marker-based relatedness estimates with pedigree expectations, a new approach to account for the change of the reference population is developed and shown to perform satisfactorily. Simulations also illustrate that this new relatedness estimator can be used to characterize isolation by distance within populations, leading to essentially unbiased estimates of the neighbourhood size. In this context, the estimator appears fairly robust to moderate errors made on the assumed inbreeding coefficient. The analysis of real data sets suggests that dominant markers (random amplified polymorphic DNA, amplified fragment length polymorphism) may be as valuable as co-dominant markers (microsatellites) in studying microgeographic isolation-by-distance processes. It is argued that the estimators developed should find major applications, notably for conservation biology. [source] wombsoft: an r package that implements the Wombling method to identify genetic boundaryMOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES, Issue 4 2007A. CRIDA Abstract wombsoft is an r package that analyses individually georeferenced multilocus genotypes for the inferences of genetic boundaries between populations. It is based on the Wombling method that estimates the systemic function by looking for the local variation of the allele frequencies. This study presents an original way of estimating the systemic function, based on the local polynomial regression, and a binomial test to assess the significance of boundaries. The method applies to codominant or dominant markers and allows for missing data. The software r can be downloaded from http://www.r-project.org/ and wombsoft from http://www-leca.ujf-grenoble.fr/logiciels.htm or http://www.r-project.org/. [source] | ||||||||||