ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA, Issue 1 2002
L. ARVOLA
ABSTRACT A sustained anti- , -adrenergic effect of adenosine has been reported. This study was initiated to investigate this topic and especially elucidate the role of protein kinase C (PKC). Contractile force amplitude and action potential duration at 90% repolarization (APD90) were measured in guinea-pig papillary muscles before and after 5 min challenge with 5 nm isoproterenol. Protocols contained 30 min exposure to the test agents adenosine 33 ,m (ado), adenosine + PKC-inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide 20 nM (ado + BIM), PKC-activator 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol 10 ,m (DOG) and , -agonist phenylephrine 5 ,m (phe). Isoproterenol was given at the end of test exposure and after 15 min washout. Results are mean ± SEM of percentage-change, P , 0.05 considered significant and labelled *. The first isoproterenol challenge significantly increased contractile force (27 ± 7%*) in the control group. Responses in the test groups were 2 ± 4 (ado), 1 ± 5 (ado + BIM), 14 ± 4* (DOG), 0 ± 2% (phe). After washout of adenosine, DOG and phenylephrine, isoproterenol induced 3 ± 8 (ado), 23 ± 5* (ado + BIM), 13 ± 5* (DOG), 15 ± 7% (phe) increase in test groups compared with 22 ± 5%* increase in contractile force in the control group. After 45 min washout of adenosine the inotropic response was still significantly reduced compared with control (29 ± 4 vs. 79 ± 8%*). Isoproterenol stimulation shortened APD90 in controls at both time points (5 ± 1%* and 4 ± 1%*), with no significant shortening in test groups. Adenosine induces sustained anti- , -adrenergic effects on contractile force as well as APD90. A role for PKC in signal transduction is supported with respect to contractile force. [source]

MINIMUM WAGE: THE DOG THAT IS ABOUT TO BARK

ECONOMIC AFFAIRS, Issue 1 2009
John Meadowcroft
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

Blood,brain barrier damage and brain penetration of antiepileptic drugs: Role of serum proteins and brain edema

EPILEPSIA, Issue 4 2009
Nicola Marchi
Summary Purpose:, Increased blood,brain barrier (BBB) permeability is radiologically detectable in regions affected by drug-resistant epileptogenic lesions. Brain penetration of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) may be affected by BBB damage. We studied the effects of BBB damage on brain distribution of hydrophilic [deoxy-glucose (DOG) and sucrose] and lipophilic (phenytoin and diazepam) molecules. We tested the hypothesis that lipophilic and hydrophilic drug distribution is differentially affected by BBB damage. Methods:, In vivo BBB disruption (BBBD) was performed in rats by intracarotid injection of hyperosmotic mannitol. Drugs (H3-sucrose, 3H-deoxy-glucose, 14C-phenytoin, and C14-diazepam) or unlabeled phenytoin was measured and correlated to brain water content and protein extravasation. In vitro hippocampal slices were exposed to different osmolarities; drug penetration and water content were assessed by analytic and densitometric methods, respectively. Results:, BBBD resulted in extravasation of serum protein and radiolabeled drugs, but was associated with no significant change in brain water. Large shifts in water content in brain slices in vitro caused a small effect on drug penetration. In both cases, total drug permeability increase was greater for lipophilic than hydrophilic compounds. BBBD reduced the amount of free phenytoin in the brain. Discussion:, After BBBD, drug binding to protein is the main controller of total brain drug accumulation. Osmotic BBBD increased serum protein extravasation and reduced free phenytoin brain levels. These results underlie the importance of brain environment and BBB integrity in determining drug distribution to the brain. If confirmed in drug-resistant models, these mechanisms could contribute to drug brain distribution in refractory epilepsies. [source]

Grafting itaconic anhydride onto polyethylene using extrusion

JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, Issue 6 2010
C. J. R. Verbeek
Abstract Reactive extrusion was employed to graft itaconic anhydride (IA) onto polyethylene, using thermally induced peroxide decomposition. It was found that an increase in IA concentration lead to an increase in the degree of grafting (DOG), but only up to 6 wt % IA. Using di-cumyl peroxide (DCP) as the initiator resulted in a higher DOG compared to di- tert -butyl peroxide (DTBP) and required less reaction time to achieve the same DOG. However, raising the IA concentration also resulted in an increase in cross-linking. Increasing the initiator concentration from 0.2 to 2 wt % resulted in a higher DOG. However, 5 wt % initiator showed similar results compared to using 0.2 wt % due to termination by disproportionation, which has been shown to be more prevalent at high initiator concentrations. Degradation was clearly observed by the inability to form a continuous extrudate during extrusion as well as discolouration. A residence time of more than 50 seconds, using DCP and 120 s for DTBP didn't offer any further increase in the DOG and also resulted in more pronounced degradation. Optimizing grafting is therefore a trade-off between maximal DOG and minimizing side reactions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010 [source]

Effects of maxillary distraction osteogenesis on the upper-airway size and nasal resistance in subjects with cleft lip and palate

ORTHODONTICS & CRANIOFACIAL RESEARCH, Issue 4 2004
M Mochida
Structured Abstract Authors , Mochida M, Ono T, Saito K, Tsuiki S, Ohyama K Objectives , To investigate the short- and long-term effects of maxillary distraction osteogenesis (DOG) on the upper-airway size and nasal resistance in nine patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP). Study design , Changes in the upper-airway size were measured by using lateral cephalometric radiographs taken immediately before and after DOG, and 1 year later. Nasal resistance was measured with a rhinomanometer. An analysis of variance was used to establish statistical significance. Spearman correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationship between changes in the cross-sectional area of the upper airway and nasal resistance in association with DOG. Results , Immediately after DOG, the anteroposterior dimension of the superior part of the upper airway was significantly increased (p < 0.01) and nasal resistance was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Moreover, the cross-sectional area of the total upper airway was significantly increased (p < 0.01). There was a significant correlation between the increase in the upper-airway cross-sectional area and the reduction in nasal resistance (p < 0.05). The upper-airway size was significantly augmented (p < 0.05) and nasal resistance was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) at 1 year after DOG compared with immediately before DOG. Conclusion , An increase in the upper-airway size and a reduction in nasal resistance occurred after maxillary DOG in patients with CLP, and these changes were stable after 1 year. [source]

ACUTE CORONARY LIGATION IN THE DOG INDUCES TIME-DEPENDENT TRANSITIONAL CHANGES IN MITOCHONDRIAL CRISTA IN THE NON-ISCHAEMIC VENTRICULAR MYOCARDIUM

CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 3 2007
Craig Steven McLachlan
SUMMARY 1The aim of the present study was to examine, in the dog myocardium, the incidence of zig-zag mitochondrial cristae over time in the non-ischaemic posterior wall, following an acute anterior wall infarct. 2Changes within the myocardial mitochondrial crista membrane in dogs were investigated following acute left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. Transmyocardial biopsy samples were taken serially from the posterior non-ischaemic wall in the same dog. Changes in heart mitochondrial cristae were examined by transmission electron microscopy prior to coronary ligation (control) and 40 min and 2, 4, 6 and 24 h postinfarction. 3In control hearts, 90% of mitochondrial cristae had a lamelliform appearance. Following infarction, there were twotransitional states with respect to mitochondrial cristae, the first characterized by undulating lamelliform cristae that are also found in 10% of control samples and a second transitional state that was zig-zag and reached a maximum between 6 and 24 h after infarction. 4In conclusion, an undulating lamelliform crista pattern is present in the non-ischaemic wall of the acute infarcted dog and we hypothesize that this may be an intermediate from, between ,normal' lamelliform and ,abnormal' zig-zag cristae. [source]

COMPARISON OF SIX NON-INVASIVE SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN TECHNIQUES IN DOGS AND CATS

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE, Issue S1 2004
MH Engelhardt
Objective: To determine the amount of time required to reach the highest concentrations of oxygen at the patient's face and to determine what these highest concentrations of oxygen were with various non-invasive methods of providing supplemental oxygen using a commercial oxygen content analyzer. Procedure: Three healthy cats and 3 healthy dogs were each individually given supplemental oxygen by 6 different means, each done at 2 rates (5 L and 15 L per minute). The methods tested were: 1) Plastic sheet over conventional cage door (PSCD); 2) Blow-by where the tubing delivering the oxygen was held 8 cm from the face (BB); 3) Large plastic bag covering the patient (BAG); 4) Anesthesia induction chamber (AIC); 5) Synder oxygen cage (SOC); and 6) Crowe Oxygen E-Collar (COC). Prior to the testing, the commercial oxygen content analyzer (Mini-Ox) was calibrated. Results: Significant repeatable differences were consistently observed between the 6 methods of oxygen delivery. Results of both 5 L and 15 L/min oxygen flow rates consistently indicated that the highest oxygen concentrations were achieved with the anesthesia induction chamber and large plastic bag with oxygen concentrations reaching approximately 95% and 90%, respectively between 5 to 15 min. The BAG method had the advantage of allowing additional room for patient manipulation and the ability to place intravenous catheters while continuing to give supplemental oxygen. The plastic sheet covering a conventional cage door provided oxygen concentrations of 50% and 60% at 15 and 45 min, respectively. The Crowe Oxygen E-Collar achieved oxygen concentrations of 70% in 1.5 min. Blow-by was found to be the simplest method. It increased FiO2 to 40% within 2 min. The Synder oxygen cage was able to achieve 45% oxygen concentration within 30 min with an oxygen flow rate of 15 L/min. It was able to achieve 60% at 45 min (similar to the plastic bag on the cage). Conclusion: The order of effectiveness of providing non-invasive oxygen supplementation, from the highest to the lowest concentrations, was AIC, BAG, COC, PSCD, SOC, and BB. The fastest to the slowest increases in oxygen concentrations followed the same order at both 5 L and 15 L/min oxygen flow rate and they were BB, COC, AIC, BAG, PSCD, and SOC. SOC was the most inefficient means of providing oxygen while AIC, BAG and COC were the most efficient. [source]

CLOSTRIDIUM TETANUS INFECTION IN 13 DOGS AND ONE CAT

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE, Issue S1 2004
C Bandt
Clostridium tetani infection is uncommon in dogs and cats. Up to this point in time just single case reports have been published in veterinary medicine. The goal of this retrospective study was to describe the clinical features and outcome of 13 dogs and one cat affected with Clostridium tetani. The medical records of the last ten year were reviewed. Dogs and cats that were identified as being infected with Clostridium tetani on the basis of characteristic clinical signs and/or bacterial culture from infected wounds were eligible for study inclusion. Thirteen dogs and one cat met the criteria for study inclusion. Six different breeds and mix-breed dogs were affected, German Shepherd dogs (n=4, 29%) and Labrador retriever (n=3, 21%) were the most frequently affected breeds. Observed clinical complications were ventricular aspiration pneumonia (n=7), laryngeal spasm (n=6), hypersalivation (n=4), ventricular tachycardia (n=3), and third degree AV block (n=1). Median days from onset of clinical signs until first signs of improvement were 10 days (range: 9,12 days). Median hospitalisation time was 18 days (range: 14,22 days). Six animals showed full recovery and 8 animals died or were euthanized. Death was associated with acute onset of ventricular tachycardia in 2 dogs, 1 dog died with non-responsive third degree AV-block, 3 dogs died after developing aspiration pneumonia, and 1 dog died of unknown causes. [source]

EFFECT OF BAY 41-2272 IN THE PULMONARY HYPERTENSION INDUCED BY HEPARIN,PROTAMINE COMPLEX IN ANAESTHETIZED DOGS

CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 1-2 2007
Cristiane F Freitas
SUMMARY 1BAY 41-2272 is a potent activator of the nitric oxide-independent site of soluble guanylate cyclase and has been recently introduced as a new therapeutic agent to treat chronic pulmonary hypertension (PH) in neonatal sheep. Because the in vivo heparin,protamine interaction may lead to severe PH, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of BAY 41-2272 in the PH induced by heparin,protamine interaction in anaesthetized dogs. 2Sixteen male dogs (10 mongrel dogs and six Beagles) were anaesthetized and instrumented for acquisition of mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP), heart rate (HR), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), cardiac index (CI) and indices of systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance (ISVR and IPVR, respectively). Plasma cGMP levels and Spo2 were evaluated. 3Intravenous administration of heparin (500 IU/kg) followed 3 min later by protamine (10 mg/kg) caused marked PH, as evaluated by the increase in MPAP, PCWP and IPVR. This was accompanied by a significant fall in MABP and a transient increase in HR. Infusion of BAY 41-2272 (10 µg/kg per h, starting 10 min before heparin administration) augmented plasma cGMP levels and slightly and significantly increased HR and CI, without affecting the other cardiovascular parameters. The elevation in IPVR, MPAP and PCWP triggered by the heparin,protamine interaction was significantly reduced in animals exposed to BAY 41-2272. 4In vehicle-treated dogs, the Spo2 values decreased significantly at the peak of the PH and this was significantly attenuated by treatment with BAY 41-2272. In addition, BAY 41-2272 (10 µmol/L) had no effect on the activated partial thromboplastin time of citrated plasma after the addition of heparin,protamine. 5In conclusion, BAY 41-2272 was effective in reducing canine PH induced in vivo by the heparin,protamine interaction, thus indicating its potential in the treatment of this type of disorder. [source]

THE ,BODY FLUID PRESSURE CONTROL SYSTEM' RELIES ON THE RENIN,ANGIOTENSIN,ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM: BALANCE STUDIES IN FREELY MOVING DOGS

CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 5-6 2005
Erdmann Seeliger
SUMMARY 1.,The physiological role of the ,renal body fluid pressure control system', including the intrarenal mechanism of ,pressure natriuresis', is uncertain. 2.,Balance studies in freely moving dogs address the following questions: (i) what is the physiological contribution of pressure natriuresis to the control of total body sodium (TBS); (ii) to what extent is long-term mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) determined by TBS and total body water (TBW); and (iii) during Na accumulation, is Na stored in an osmotically inactive form? 3.,Diurnal time-courses of Na excretion (UNaV) and MABP reveal no correlation. Spontaneous MABP changes do not affect UNaV. The long-term 20% reduction of renal perfusion pressure (RPP) results in Na retention via pressure-dependent stimulation of the renin,angiotensin,aldosterone system (RAAS), not via a pressure natriuresis mechanism. Prevention of pressure natriuresis does not result in ongoing Na retention when the RAAS is operative. The long-term 20% elevation of RPP induced by sustained TBS elevation facilitates Na excretion via pressure natriuresis, but does not restore TBS to normal. 4.,Changes in TBW correlate well with changes in TBS (r2 = 0.79). This correlation is even closer when concomitant changes in total body potassium are also considered (r2 = 0.91). 5.,With normal or elevated TBW, long-term MABP changes correlate well with TBW changes (r2 = 0.69). At lowered TBW, no correlation is found. 6.,In conclusion, the physiological role of pressure natriuresis is limited. Pressure natriuresis does not appear to be operative when RPP is changed from ,20 to +10% and neurohumoral control of UNaV is unimpeded. Within this range, pressure-dependent changes in the RAAS mediate the effects of changes in RPP on UNaV. Pressure natriuresis may constitute a compensating mechanism under pathophysiological conditions of substantial elevation of RPP. A large portion of the long-term changes in MABP are attributable to changes in TBW. The notion of osmotically inactive Na storage during Na accumulation appears to be invalid. [source]

Letting the "Tail Wag the Dog": The Debate over GAAP versus Street Earnings Revisited,

CONTEMPORARY ACCOUNTING RESEARCH, Issue 3 2007
Jeffery S. Abarbanell
First page of article [source]

Electrophoretically mediated microanalysis for the evaluation of interspecies variation in cholinesterase metabolism

ELECTROPHORESIS, Issue 14 2010
Joana Moura
Abstract This study describes an electrophoretically mediated microanalysis method, suitable for the preclinical evaluation of the hydrolysis of ester drugs by the serum of different animals and for further characterization of human,animal correlation. Dog, cat, cow, horse, sheep, rat and human serum were diluted (25%) in the appropriate buffer and replaced the enzyme solution usually used in electrophoretically mediated microanalysis methods for the study of enzyme kinetics. They were then compared in terms of the ability to hydrolyze acetylthiocholine and butyrylthiocholine (0.25,mM) by in-capillary reaction. Human serum afforded the highest conversion rates (52% butyryltiocholine and 34% acetylthiocholine) followed by horse (31 and 35%), dog (26 and 24%), cat (22 and 14%), rat (11 and 15%) and sheep (8 and 8%). Hydrolysis by bovine serum was negligible. The method is fast (under 8,min including rinsing steps), sensitive (under 25,,M substrate could be quantified) and repeatable (RSD,2%), only requiring minute amounts of sample. [source]

Inhibition of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Reduces Heart Rate Variability in the Anaesthetised Dog

EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 5 2001
F. Markos
In the vagally intact anaesthetised dog, we have investigated the role of nitric oxide (NO) on a normal sinus arrhythmia using an inhibitor of neuronally released NO, 1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl) imidazole (TRIM). The mean and S.D. of the R-R interval was used to describe mean heart rate and heart rate variability, respectively. TRIM (0.8 mg I.C.) injected into the sinus node artery increased the mean heart rate slightly but reduced heart rate variability 3-fold from a control of 790 ± 124 ms (mean ± S.D.; n = 5) to 666 ± 36 ms (P < 0.01 Student's paired t test, n = 5). These results suggest that neuronally released NO may have a vagal facilitatory role in the maintenance of sinus arrhythmia in the normal heart. [source]

Late Quaternary landscape history and geoarchaeology of two drainages on Black Mesa, northeastern Arizona, USA

GEOARCHAEOLOGY: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, Issue 1 2005
Eric T. Karlstrom
Two approximately 5- to 6-km drainage segments on Black Mesa preserve unusually complete sequences of late Quaternary alluvium and soils. Radiocarbon- and tree-ring-dated alluvial and soil stratigraphy suggests entrenched paleoarroyos were beginning to aggrade at about >24,260, 11,070, 9660, 8800, 7060, 3500, 2140, and 1870 14C yr B.P. Using the quantity of sediment removal from post-A.D. 1900 arroyos as analogue, at least 77,200% of total valley alluvium has been removed and replaced by younger sediments during an estimated 11 late Pleistocene and Holocene erosion epicycles. Given that most (59%) of the 150 recorded prehistoric sites in the two study areas occur on valley floors where only about 3% of surface alluvium predates Lolomai phase Basketmaker II occupation (,1900,1600 yr B.P.), it may be inferred that pre-Lolomai phase Basketmaker II sites which may have been located along washes have been removed or buried by fluvial erosion. Identification of five buried hearths in alluvial sections, including White Dog and Lolomai phase Basketmaker II sites (dating about 3500 and 1870 14C yr B.P., respectively) and one possible Early Archaic site, supports this conclusion. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source]

A Bargaining Theory of Minority Demands: Explaining the Dog that Did not Bite in 1990s Yugoslavia

INTERNATIONAL STUDIES QUARTERLY, Issue 4 2004
Erin Jenne
This article develops a general theory of bargaining between a minority, its host state, and outside lobby actor to explain why minorities shift their demands from affirmative action to cultural autonomy to secessionism and back, often in the absence of clear economic or security incentives. This paper uses a simple game tree model to show that if a minority believes that it enjoys significant support from a powerful national homeland or other external actor, it radicalized its demands against the host state, even if the center has credibly committed to protect minority rights. Conversely, if a minority believes that it enjoys no external support, then it will accommodate the host state, even in the presence of significant majority repression. As a general theory of claim-making, this model challenges structural theories of demands that rely on static economic differences or historical grievances to explain claim-making. It also challenges security dilemma arguments that hold that minority radicalization is mainly a function of ethnic fears. The model's hypotheses are tested using longitudinal analysis of Hungarians in Vojvodina during the 1990s, as the Yugoslav dog that "barked but did not bite." Careful examination of claim-making in this case demonstrates the superior explanatory power of the ethnic bargaining model as compared with dominant theories of minority mobilization in the literature. [source]

The Conflict Between Biogerontology and Antiaging Medicine,Do Geriatricians Have a Dog in This Fight?

JOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 8 2005
William R. Hazzard MD
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

Estimation of heritability for hip dysplasia in German Shepherd Dogs in Finland

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL BREEDING AND GENETICS, Issue 2 2000
M. Leppaänen
The heritability of hip dysplasia in the German Shepherd Dog was estimated by applying the animal model and the Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) method to a data-set which consisted of the hip scores of 10 335 dogs. Fixed effects of the model were the month and the year of birth, screening age, the panelist responsible for screening and the origin of the animal's sire. The litter and the breeder had only minor effects on hip joints. Heritability estimates were moderate (0.31,0.35). The moderate heritability, which was found in this study, enables a much better genetic gain in the breeding programme, if proper evaluation methods, such as BLUP animal model, and effective selection is used instead of phenotypic selection. Zusammenfassung Schätzung der Heritabilität der Hüftgelenksdysplasie beim Deutschen Schäferhund in Finnland. Die Heritabilität der Hüftgelenksdysplasie beim Deutschen Schäferhund wurde mit Hilfe des Tiermodells und der Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) Methode anhand von Hüftgelenksgutachten von 10 335 Hunden geschätzt. Als fixe Effekte wurden im Modell ,Geburtsmonat' und ,-jahr', ,Röntgenalter', Einfluß des ,Gutachters' und ,Herkunft des Vaters' berücksichtigt. Die Effekte ,Wurf' und ,Züchter' hatten nur einen geringen Einfluß auf die Hüftgelenke. Die Heritabilitätsschätzungen betrugen 0.31 bis 0.35. Die in dieser Studie geschätzten Heritabilitäten ermöglichen es, zusammen mit geeigneten Methoden, wie beispielsweise dem BLUP-Tiermodell und einer effektiven Selektion, einen schnelleren Zuchtfortschritt zu erreichen, als nur phänotypisch zu selektieren. [source]

Feeding Practices of Dog and Cat Owners Reflect Attitudes Toward Pet Foods

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND NUTRITION, Issue 11-12 2005
K. N. Willoughby
The PET DINER study was a telephone survey conducted to better understand why pet owners make certain nutritional decisions for their pets. Both dog and cat owners were included, which allowed us to differentiate the way people feed pet cats vs. pet dogs and how that might reflect owners' attitudes about pet foods. Prospective survey respondents were selected from local telephone books using a randomized process. A total of 18,194 calls were made from the five study sites between May and August, 2004. 1074 people (6%) representing 619 dogs and 455 cats completed the survey. Detailed information about feeding practices was collected. Pet owners' perceptions were assessed based on agreement/disagreement with statements regarding pet foods and the pet food industry. The Mann,Whitney Rank Sum test was used to detect differences between dog and cat owners and the Kruskal,Wallis one-way analysis of variance on ranks was used to evaluate differences among pet owners based on both type of pet and feeding practices (,75% commercial vs. ,50% home-prepared diets). More cats than dogs ate commercial pet food as ,75% of their main diet (96% vs. 87%, respectively; p < 0.001), and more dogs than cats ate a home-prepared food as ,50% of their main diet (6% vs. 3%, respectively; p < 0.009). For five of the statements, a difference in the attitudes of cat vs. dog owners was detected (p < 0.05). In general, this reflected more positive attitudes regarding commercial foods and less positive attitudes regarding home-prepared foods on the part of cat vs. dog owners. Analysis based on both type of pet and feeding practices identified significant differences among groups for 18/26 statements. However, when the Dunn's Method for pairwise multiple comparisons was applied, significant differences were due to feeding practices rather than type of pet for 17/18 statements. Only differences in attitudes about the statement ,raw bones can be safely fed to pets' remained significant for cat vs. dog owners feeding commercial foods. In conclusion, more cat owners than dog owners feed ,75% commercial foods to their pets and this is reflected in different attitudes about the nutritional soundness of commercial pet foods. [source]

Hereditary Bone and Joint Disease in the Dog

JOURNAL OF SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE, Issue 6 2006
Neil Burton
Hereditary Bone and Joint Disease in the Dog Joe Morgan, Alinda Wind & Autumn Davidson Published by Manson Publishing, 2003. Hardback, 328 pages Price £61.00. ISBN 3-87706-548-1 [source]

Welcoming the Year of the Dog

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS, Issue 1 2006
Charon Pierson PhD, FAANP Editor-in-Chief
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

The Treatment of Acute Adrenocortical Insufficiency in the Dog

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE, Issue 1 2001
DACVECC, DACVIM, Michael Schaer DVM
Summary Acute hypoadrenocorticism in the dog is a true medical emergency that requires a prompt and accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment in order to provide for the most optimal outcome. Because the signs of adrenal insufficiency mimic those caused by other more common clinical conditions such as renal failure, intoxications, and various gastrointestinal disorders, it behooves the emergency clinician to always include this condition in the list of differential diagnoses. This paper will review the main elements of this hypoendocrinopathy in order to provide the emergency clinician with the essentials that will be required for appropriate diagnosis and treatment. J Vet emerg Crit Care 2001; 11(1):7,14 [source]

Treatment of a Myasthenic Dog with Mycophenolate Mofetil

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE, Issue 3 2000
C.W. Dewey DVM, DACVIM (Neurology), DACVS
Summary A ten-year-old, male castrated Springer Spaniel was presented for dysphagia, ptyalism, and regurgitation. Evidence of megaesophagus and mild aspiration pneumonia were apparent on thoracic radiographs. A diagnosis of focal acquired myasthenia gravis was suspected and subsequently confirmed with a positive serum acetylcholine (ACh) receptor antibody concentration (3.87 nM/L). A gastrostomy tube was placed shortly after presentation; food and drugs (including azathioprine) were administered through the tube. After transient improvement, the dog suddenly deteriorated clinically, experiencing frequent episodes of regurgitation and developing severe aspiration pneumonia. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), a novel immunosuppressive drug with relative specificity for lymphocytes, was instituted every twelve hours via the gastrostomy tube. Within four days of beginning MMF therapy, both clinical evidence of pharyngeal/esophageal dysfunction and radiographic evidence of megaesophagus had resolved. Initially, clinical side-effects of combined MMF/AZA administration were not apparent, but the patient experienced several vomiting episodes during the third week of treatment. The vomiting resolved after decreasing the dose of both drugs. The patient made a full recovery, and a one-month follow-up ACh receptor antibody concentration was normal (0.26 nM/L). After one month of combination therapy, the patient was weaned off of AZA and maintained on MMF as the sole immunosuppressive drug. The dog was subsequently weaned off of MMF on two occasions. Mycophenolate mofetil was reinstituted after the first discontinuation due to the development of profound appendicular muscle weakness two days after stopping MMF; the weakness resolved within 24 hours of reinstituting MMF. A positive ACh receptor antibody concentration (0.89 nM/L) after the second MMF weaning prompted the second reinstitution of MMF. Two months following this second MMF reinstitution, the dog was again serologically negative (0.51 nM/L) for myasthenia gravis. At the time of last followup, the dog remained in clinical remission eight months after initial presentation. The use of MMF to treat acquired myasthenia gravis in dogs has not been reported previously. The literature concerning MMF and its potential use in treating patients with autoimmune diseases is discussed. [source]

Primary Hyperparathyroidism and Monoclonal Gammopathy in a Dog

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 1 2009
G. Benchekroun
First page of article [source]

Concurrent Hepatic Copper Toxicosis and Fanconi's Syndrome in a Dog

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 1 2008
T.L. Hill
First page of article [source]

Effect of Chemotherapy Schedule on Response in Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia in a Dog

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 1 2008
C.B. Greenberg
First page of article [source]

Esophageal Varices due to a Probable Arteriovenous Communication in a Dog

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 6 2007
Giovanna Bertolini
First page of article [source]

Transcatheter Closure of a Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defect in a Dog

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 6 2007
Claudio Bussadori
First page of article [source]

Successful Treatment of Acute Tumor Lysis Syndrome in a Dog with Multicentric Lymphoma

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 6 2007
Kathryn R. Vickery
First page of article [source]

Suspected Isolated Pancreatic Lipase Deficiency in a Dog

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 5 2007
Panagiotis G. Xenoulis
First page of article [source]

Reversible Myocardial Depression Associated with Sepsis in a Dog

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 5 2007
Amy E. Dickinson
First page of article [source]