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Adolescent Sample (adolescent + sample)
Selected AbstractsStress, Religious Coping Resources, and Depressive Symptoms in an Urban Adolescent SampleJOURNAL FOR THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF RELIGION, Issue 1 2008RUSSELL A. CARLETON We surveyed low-income urban adolescents about their total exposure to urban stressors and their use of religious coping resources, specifically in the areas of social support, spiritual support, and community service opportunities provided by their congregations. Additionally, we assessed their current levels of depressive symptomatology. Among females, the relationship between stress and depressive symptoms was moderated by the use of spiritual support and community service opportunities. The moderating relationship was such that at low levels of stress, high usage of these resources protected against the development of depressive symptoms. At high levels of stress, however, the protective relationship was lost. Lastly, when the social support aspects of religious coping were statistically controlled, the moderation effect disappeared, suggesting that within this sample, the social support seeking aspects of the resources, rather than their religious nature, was responsible for the effects. [source] Understanding anorexia nervosa through analysis of thematic content of letters in an adolescent sampleEUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW, Issue 5 2006Glen Freedman Abstract Objective Positive and negative themes about their illness have been identified in an adult population with anorexia nervosa. It was our goal to explore the thematic content of the letters written by an adolescent population in order to better our understanding of how this different population relates to the illness. Method Twenty-seven adolescents with anorexia nervosa were asked to write two letters to their eating disorder, one addressing it as a friend and the other, as an enemy. The coding scheme initially developed by Serpell and Treasure, with minor adjustments, was used to code the letters by two trained raters, with high inter-rater reliability. Results Many similarities and a few notable differences between the adolescent population and an adult population were noted. Compared to an adult population, adolescents valued to a greater degree the sense of feeling looked after by the disorder and the increased attention that they felt the disorder provided. In contrast, they did not view loss of periods as a benefit. Regarding perceived costs of anorexia nervosa, adolescents described a greater degree of psychological distress in relation to the disorder, and a greater sense of having been tricked by the disorder. They did not describe as much frustration with preoccupation with thoughts about food or of being controlled by food. All other themes were not considered appreciably different in terms of percentage of statements or of subjects. Discussion An understanding of how adolescents relate to their illness in terms of themes can help to provide the therapist with a sense of where a patient is in terms of motivation and readiness for recovery. This in turn can aid in the determination of an appropriate treatment approach that is most likely to foster an optimal therapeutic alliance and to enhance motivation to recover. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association. [source] Personality, identity styles and authoritarianism: an integrative study among late adolescentsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 5 2006Bart Duriez Abstract The relations between five personality factors, three identity styles, the prejudice dispositions of right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), social dominance orientation (SDO) and racial prejudice were investigated in a Flemish-Belgian late adolescent sample (N,=,328). Results show that Openness to Experience and Agreeableness relate to racial prejudice but that these relations were fully mediated by RWA and SDO. In addition, results show that whereas RWA relates to Conscientiousness and lack of Openness to Experience, SDO relates to lack of Agreeableness and lack of Openness to Experience. The relation between Conscientiousness and RWA and between Openness to Experience and SDO was fully mediated by the identity styles. However, Openness to Experience had a direct influence on RWA and Agreeableness had a direct influence on SDO. The implications of these findings are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The Relation between Observational Measures of Social Problem Solving and Familial Antisocial Behavior: Genetic and Environmental InfluencesJOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE, Issue 4 2001Erica L. Spotts Deficits in social problem-solving skills are often associated with antisocial behavior, particularly in children's extrafamilial relationships. The current study was designed to examine this association in several new ways: the association was examined at two times in an adolescent sample within the context of the family; genetic models were used to estimate genetic and environmental effects on observational measures of problem solving and antisocial behavior and on the association between the two. The analyses were conducted as part of the Nonshared Environment in Adolescent Development project, consisting of 720 families at Time 1 (mean adolescent age: 14.5 years) and 440 families at Time 2 (mean adolescent age: 16.1 years). Genetic influence was found for antisocial behavior, but not for problem solving. The findings of shared environmental influences on these measures and their association are unusual in the behavioral genetic literature and are important in that respect. [source] Psychometric evaluation of the body investment scale for use with adolescentsJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2010Augustine Osman Abstract We conducted two studies to examine the psychometric properties of the Body Investment Scale (BIS; Orbach & Mikulincer, 1998) in U.S. adolescent samples. The BIS was designed to assess bodily experiences that are associated with suicide-related behaviors. In Study 1, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with data from a combined sample of 204 high school adolescents (83 boys, 121 girls) and 197 psychiatric inpatient (101 boys, 96 girls) adolescents provided moderate support for the oblique four-factor solution: Body Feelings (,=.86, 95% CI=.83,.89), Body Touch (,=.71, 95% CI=.65,.76), Body Care (,=.78, 95% CI=.71,.81), and Body Protection (,=.78, 95% CI=.73,.82); robust comparative fit index=.88 and the robust Tucker Lewis Index=.83. The second-order factor model also provided moderate fit to the data. In Study 2, results of the CFA with data from adolescent psychiatric inpatients (N=205; 101 boys, 104 girls) provided additional support for the four-factor solution. In addition, results of the receiver operating characteristic and logistic regression analyses showed that scores on the Body Feelings and Body Protection scales were most useful in differentiating the responses of suicidal and nonsuicidal adolescents, all Cohen's d values >.30. The study also examined associations between scores on the BIS scales and the validation self-report measures of hopelessness, suicide-related behavior, and reasons for living. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 66: 259,276, 2010. [source] The Relationships of the Level of Response to Alcohol and Additional Characteristics to Alcohol Use Disorders Across Adulthood: A Discrete-Time Survival AnalysisALCOHOLISM, Issue 9 2009Ryan S. Trim Background:, A low level of response (LR) to alcohol has been shown to relate to a higher risk for alcohol use disorders (AUDs). However, no previous research has examined the association between LR and the development of AUDs in the context of additional robust risk factors for AUDs. This study evaluated whether LR and other related characteristics predicted the occurrence of AUDs across adulthood using discrete-time survival analysis (DTSA). Methods:, A total of 297 probands from the San Diego Prospective Study reported on the LR to alcohol, a family history (FH) of AUDs, the typical drinking quantity, the age of drinking onset, the body mass index and the age at the baseline (T1) assessment. Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) were evaluated at the 10-year (T10), T15, T20, and T25 follow-ups. Results:, A low LR to alcohol predicted AUD occurrence over the course of adulthood even after controlling for the effects of other robust risk factors. Interaction effects revealed that the impact of FH on AUDs was only observed for subjects with high T1 drinking levels, and probands with high T1 drinking were at high risk for AUDs regardless of their age of onset. Conclusions:, The findings illustrate that LR is a unique risk factor for AUDs across adulthood, and not simply a reflection of a broader range of risk factors. The continued investigation of how LR is related to AUD onset later in life will help inform treatment providers about this high-risk population, and future longitudinal evaluations will utilize DTSA to assess rates of AUD remission as well as the onset of drinking outcomes in adolescent samples. [source] Dynamics of affective experience and behavior in depressed adolescentsTHE JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES, Issue 11 2009Lisa B. Sheeber Background:, Depression is often characterized as a disorder of affect regulation. However, research focused on delineating the key dimensions of affective experience (other than valence) that are abnormal in depressive disorder has been scarce, especially in child and adolescent samples. As definitions of affect regulation center around processes involved in initiating, maintaining, and modulating the occurrence, intensity, and duration of affective experiences, it is important to examine the extent to which affective experiences of depressed youth differ on these dimensions from those of healthy youth. Methods:, The affective behavior and experience of adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD; n = 75) were compared to a demographically matched cohort of healthy adolescents (n = 77). Both samples were recruited from community high schools. A multi-source (parents and adolescent), multi-method (interviews, behavioral observations, questionnaires) assessment strategy was used to examine positive and negative affects. Results:, Depressed youth had significantly longer durations, higher frequency, and greater intensity when experiencing angry and dysphoric affects and shorter durations and less frequency of happy affect when compared to healthy youth. The most consistent, cross-method results were evident for duration of affect. Conclusions:, Clinically depressed adolescents experienced disturbances in affective functioning that were evident in the occurrence, intensity, and duration of affect. Notably, the disturbances were apparent in both positive and negative affects. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||