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Adolescent Females (adolescent + female)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	44%
Psychology	21%
Humanities and Social Sciences	18%

Selected Abstracts

Nonsyndromic Segmental Multiple Infundibulocystic Basal Cell Carcinomas in an Adolescent Female

DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 9 2006
SUSAN C. KELLY DO
First page of article [source]

Correlation of the Experience of Peer Relational Aggression Victimization and Depression among African American Adolescent Females,

JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING, Issue 4 2009
Melissa M. Gomes PhD
PROBLEM:, This study aimed to examine if the experience of peer relational aggression victimization (PRAV) can be linked to feelings of depression in the African American adolescent female population. METHODS:, The sample included 241 college-age African American adolescent females assessed for PRAV and depression. Statistical analysis was carried out to determine the relationship between the variables. FINDINGS:, PRAV in this study population does exist as a detrimental phenomenon, whereby PRAV significantly correlates with depression, r (214) = 0.29, p < .01. CONCLUSION:, Nurses can assist the adolescent clients experiencing relational aggression by becoming knowledgeable on the presentation and manifestations of this experience. [source]

Women's Sports Media, Self-Objectification, and Mental Health in Black and White Adolescent Females

JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION, Issue 2 2003
Kristen Harrison
Recent surveys have suggested that sports media exposure may be linked to adolescents' body perceptions. This study tested this relationship from the perspective of objectification theory (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997) by surveying and experimenting with 426 adolescent females aged 10,19. Sports magazine reading predicted greater body satisfaction among older adolescents, regardless of whether they participated in sports. Self-objectification in adolescents of all ages predicted mental health risks including body shame, disordered eating, and depression. Participants also viewed a video depicting men's sports, women's lean sports, or women's nonlean sports. For White participants, watching lean sports increased self-objectification, whereas for participants of color, watching nonlean sports had the same effect. Discussion focuses on self-objectification in adolescents and how cultural differences in the female body ideal are reflected in portrayals of female athletes. [source]

Sexual Protective Strategies of Late Adolescent Females: More Than Just Condoms

JOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC, GYNECOLOGIC & NEONATAL NURSING, Issue 4 2001
M. Katherine Hutchinson RN
Objective: To identify the sexual protective strategies of late adolescent heterosexual women. Design: Open-ended questioning regarding sexual protective strategies was included in a larger cross-sectional survey on sexual risk. Participants' responses were recorded verbatim and analyzed using content analysis. Participants: 234 African American, Hispanic/Latina, and non-Hispanic white 19- to 21-year-old females were recruited from the driver's license records of a mid-Atlantic state. Main Outcome Measures: Participants re-1 to the on-ended question, "How or what do you do to reduce your risk for sexually transmitted diseases and HIV?" Results: Seven primary sexual protective strategies were identified from participants' responses: using condoms, abstaining or postponing sexual intercourse, getting tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted diseases (SIDs), selecting safe partners, negotiating condom use, talking about sexual risk histories, and limiting the number of sexual partners. Conclusions: Some of the sexual protective strategies identified by study participants were less than effective and left young women vulnerable to infection with HIV and STDs. In addition, the use of these alternative strategies may leave young women feeling less at risk and thus less likely to use other more effective strategies such as condoms. The implications for nursing practice and the assessment of the sexual protective strategies of young heterosexual women are discussed. [source]

Breast Hamartomas in Adolescent Females

THE BREAST JOURNAL, Issue 5 2009
Henry L. Chang MD
Abstract:, Breast hamartomas are uncommon lesions that have not been extensively characterized in the adolescent population. A search of patient records at our institution over a 17-year period identified seven cases of breast hamartomas in patients less than 18 years of age. We examine and report the clinical, radiographic, and pathologic characteristics of these cases. Breast hamartomas present as painless, palpable masses in the adolescent population. Ultrasonography reveals a well-defined, solid, oval mass, similar to the more common fibroadenoma. Two of the patients underwent core needle biopsy for diagnosis as the only intervention with the remainder undergoing surgical excision. None of the patients had any complications from surgery. There was one recurrence 9 months after initial excision. Histologically, the hamartomas consisted of densely packed, enlarged lobules set within a fibrous stroma. Breast hamartomas are rare in the adolescent population. The clinical and radiographic features are similar to the more common fibroadenoma, but the pathologic findings are diagnostic. Recurrence can occur if excision is incomplete. Increased recognition and accurate diagnosis will improve our understanding of the natural history of these lesions. [source]

The risks and benefits of being a young female adolescent standardised patient

MEDICAL EDUCATION, Issue 1 2006
KD Blake
Objective, To follow the progress of young female adolescents, as risk-taking standardised patients (SPs), and to monitor for adverse affects that role-playing may have on the adolescents. Methods, A prospective design was used in which 11 female adolescents, aged 13,15 years, were recruited from 2 schools. The adolescents were trained to portray risk-taking individuals with a medical condition and were interviewed with their SP mother by final-year medical students 1,3 times a month over 6,14 months. A control group was selected from both schools (n = 6). Main outcome measures were pre- and post-interviews using standardised questionnaires [Achenbach's Youth Self-Report (YSR) and Piers Harris Children's Self Concept Scale (SCS),] and focus groups. Results, The adolescent group simulated 111 interviews (mean per adolescent 10.1, SD = 6.2) each lasting 60,70 minutes. Quantitative data, The pre- and post-scores from the YSR and SCS demonstrated no significant differences within the SP study participants or between the control group vs. the study group. Focus group findings, The initial focus group acted as a debriefing exercise and prompted the adolescents to request that they come out of their role when giving feedback. Subsequent focus group discussion was around the medical student performance and their family doctors. Conclusion, Adolescent females showed no adverse effects when used extensively to portray risk-taking SPs. The focus groups provided the adolescents with an opportunity to debrief together. The adolescent SPs reported benefiting from this study but requested unanimously that they come ,out of character' when giving feedback to the medical students. [source]

Protracted pain following partial splenic embolization in an adolescent female with hypersplenism

PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA, Issue 11 2005
ARJUNAN GANESH MD
Summary A 17-year-old female with massive splenomegaly underwent partial splenic embolization (PSE) for hypersplenism. The postoperative course was characterized by recurrent painful splenic infarctions requiring hydromorphone PCA for an extended period resulting in an unanticipated, prolonged hospital stay. Massive splenomegaly treated with PSE may require an extended hospital stay to achieve pain control. Such patients may subsequently require transition to enteral opioids and weaning. [source]

A case of anaplastic large cell lymphoma-induced hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in an adolescent female

PEDIATRIC BLOOD & CANCER, Issue 7 2007
Zdenka Krenova MD
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

Favorable response to soft tissue sarcoma therapy in an adolescent with embryonal renal sarcoma

PEDIATRIC BLOOD & CANCER, Issue 1 2004
Trent Hummel MD
Abstract Embryonal renal sarcomas were first identified in 1995 among banked tumor samples originally classified as adult Wilms tumor. Few long-term remissions were observed when these rare tumors were treated with chemotherapy usually used for childhood Wilms. Data were collected from the medical record of an adolescent female with embryonal renal sarcoma and treated with sarcoma-directed chemotherapy and radiation. At 66 months following diagnosis, the patient has no evidence of tumor but has experienced severe renal dysfunction and ovarian failure. We believe there is a subset of patients with disseminated embryonal renal sarcoma that respond to intense sarcoma-directed therapy. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Effects of therapist gender and type of attention on assessment and treatment of attention-maintained destructive behavior

BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS, Issue 1 2001
Linda A. LeBlanc
Adult attention frequently serves as a maintaining variable for problem behavior (Iwata et al., 1994). In addition, different aspects of attention such as the content of a statement or the person delivering the attention may moderate the rate of problem behavior and potentially affect treatment outcome (Fisher, Ninness, Piazza, & Owen-DeSchryver, 1996). In the current study, we examined the effects of two variables hypothesized to affect the rate of attention-maintained aggression in an adolescent female with profound mental retardation: gender of therapist and type of attention (physical versus verbal). The initial study examined the results of functional analyses conducted with therapists of different genders. An analysis was then conducted to determine the main and interaction effects of therapist gender and type of attention on the effectiveness of noncontingent reinforcement. The results indicate that each variable affected the rate of problem behavior (i.e., main effects) and that the two variables combined to produce an even greater effect (i.e., interaction effect) for males than for females. Next, we examined the impact of therapist gender on the effectiveness of an alternative intervention (functional communication training with extinction). The results support the initial hypotheses that therapist gender impacted both assessment and intervention results for this adolescent female. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Stability of resting frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) asymmetry and cardiac vagal tone in adolescent females exposed to child maltreatment

DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY, Issue 6 2009
Vladimir Miskovic
Abstract The experience of child maltreatment is a known risk factor for the development of psychopathology. Structural and functional modifications of neural systems implicated in stress and emotion regulation may provide one mechanism linking early adversity with later outcome. The authors examined two well-documented biological markers of stress vulnerability [resting frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) asymmetry and cardiac vagal tone] in a group of adolescent females exposed to child maltreatment (n,=,38; M age,=,14.47) and their age-matched non-maltreated (n,=,25; M age,=,14.00) peers. Maltreated females exhibited greater relative right frontal EEG activity and lower cardiac vagal tone than controls over a 6-month period. In addition, frontal EEG asymmetry and cardiac vagal tone remained stable in the maltreated group across the 6 months, suggesting that the neurobiological correlates of maltreatment may not simply reflect dynamic, short-term changes but more long lasting alterations. The present findings appear to be the first to demonstrate stability of two biologically based stress-vulnerability measures in a maltreated population. Findings are discussed in terms of plasticity within the neural circuits of emotion regulation during the early childhood period and alternative causal models of developmental psychopathology. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 51: 474,487, 2009 [source]

Reproductive hormonal changes and catamenial pattern in adolescent females with epilepsy

EPILEPSIA, Issue 9 2008
Hamed A. El-Khayat
Summary Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the effect of epilepsy on the reproductive hormones levels among female patients, and to investigate the frequency of catamenial pattern of seizures. Methods: A total of 42 female patients with epilepsy and 21 healthy females (control group) were included. Subjects were at least 2 years postmenarche with regular cycles. Symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) were assessed using calendar of premenstrual experience scoring. Patients were evaluated for catamenial pattern of seizures. Levels of FSH, LH, estradiol (E), and progesterone (P) were assessed for all subjects in the three phases of the cycles. Pelvi-abdominal ultrasound was performed near time of ovulation, to follow up size of mature follicle. Results: Symptoms of PMS were not different in patients and controls, or in patients with and those without catamenial tendency. In both perimenstrual (M) and midluteal phases, FSH and P levels were lower and E/P ratio higher in patients group. There was a catamenial pattern of seizures in 31% of patients (53.8% M C1; 46.15% inadequate luteal phase C3pattern). Patients with C3pattern showed lower P levels in the midluteal phase compared to patients with noncatamenial pattern, to those with C1pattern or to controls. Patients with C1pattern had lower P levels than controls in the M phase. Conclusion: There was evident disruption in the reproductive hormones in female patients with epilepsy with lower FSH and P levels and higher E/P ratio. A total of 31% of patients showed catamenial pattern of seizures (C1and C3patterns) that was significantly related to P withdrawal. [source]

Self-criticism is a key predictor of eating disorder dimensions among inpatient adolescent females

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue 8 2008
Silvana Fennig MD
Abstract Objective: Although the unipolar depression-eating disorder comorbidity is adequately documented, examination of the role of depressive personality styles in eating disorders is relatively scarce. Method: Associations between depressive symptoms, depressive risk and resilience (i.e., dependency, self-criticism, and sense of efficacy), and eating disorder symptoms (as measured by the Eating Disorder Inventory-2) were examinedin inpatient adolescent females (N = 81). Results: Self-criticism emerged as independent, robust, and strong predictor of eating disorder symptoms. Conclusion: Patients self-criticism should be targeted in psychotherapy and might serve as an obstacle for successful inpatient treatment. The role of self-derogation in eating disorders should be examined further. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008 [source]

Treatment goal weight in adolescents with anorexia nervosa: Use of BMI percentiles

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue 4 2008
Neville H. Golden MD
Abstract Objective: There is a lack of consensus as to how to determine treatment goal weight in the growing adolescent with anorexia nervosa (AN). Resumption of menses (ROM) is an indicator of biological health and weight at ROM can be used as a treatment goal weight. This study determined the BMI percentile for age at which ROM occurs. Method: A secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study examining 56 adolescent females with AN, aged 12,19 years, followed every 3 months until ROM. BMI percentiles for age and gender at ROM were determined using the nutrition module of Epi Info 2002. Results: At 1-year follow-up, 36 participants (64.3%) resumed menses and 20 (35.7%) remained amenorrheic. Mean BMI percentile at ROM was 27.1 (95% CI = 20.0,34.2). Fifty percent of participants who resumed menses, did so at a BMI percentile between the 14th and 39th percentile. Conclusion: A BMI percentile range of 14th,39th percentile can be used to assign a treatment goal weight, with adjustments for prior weight, stage of pubertal development, and anticipated growth. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord, 2008 [source]

Dissonance-based eating disorder prevention program: A preliminary dismantling investigation

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue 1 2006
Megan Roehrig MA
Abstract Objective A dissonance-based program aimed at reducing thin-ideal internalization has been found to significantly decrease levels of bulimic symptoms in young adult and adolescent females. Because this program is multifaceted, containing psychoeducation, counterattitudinal advocacy, and behavioral exposure components, the current study sought to investigate the mechanisms involved in symptom reduction. Method The current study compared the original treatment program with a dismantled version of the full package, which consisted solely of the specific dissonance component (i.e., the counterattitudinal advocacy procedure). Seventy-eight women were randomly assigned to either the full treatment condition or the counterattitudinal advocacy condition. Results Findings suggest that both interventions significantly reduced established risk factors for eating pathology as well as bulimic symptoms at termination and at 1-month follow-up. Conclusion Both treatments appear to be equally effective at reducing eating pathology in at-risk college women. Limitations of the study are discussed, and directions for future research are offered. © 2005 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source]

The use of herbal remedies by adolescents with eating disorders

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue 2 2004
Leo Trigazis
Abstract Objective To determine the frequency and type of herbal remedies and the reasons for herbal remedy use by adolescents with eating disorders. Methods Forty-six female adolescent females (age range, 10,17 years; mean age, 15 ± 1.3 years) in a tertiary-care pediatric eating disorder treatment center from May 1998 to July 2000 volunteered for this cross-sectional study. They met the criteria for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or eating disorder not otherwise specified. Participants completed a 92-item self-administered questionnaire. We summarized information on demographics, use of herbal remedies, knowledge of safety issues of herbal remedies, and trust in the health care system. Results Of these 46 subjects, 17 (37%) used herbal remedies. Of these 17 subjects, 35% (6 of 17) used herbal remedies to decrease their appetites and to induce vomiting, 41% (7 of 17) knew nothing about herbal remedies, despite their use of these products, and 24% (4 of 17) reported that their physicians asked whether they used herbal remedies. The participants did not use herbal remedies because of their dissatisfaction with allopathic medicine. Discussion Adolescents with eating disorders frequently used herbal remedies for both weight control and non,weight control purposes. They did not regularly inform their physicians about their use of herbal remedies and physicians did not regularly inform their patients about this use. The generally high prevalence of herbal remedy use in this population suggests that health care providers need to be knowledgeable and should enquire about patients' use of these products. The perceived benefits, adverse effects, and herb-drug interactions of self-prescribed herbal remedies consumed by adolescents with eating disorders are unknown and further research is needed. © 2004 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 35: 223,228, 2004. [source]

Parental medical neglect in the treatment of adolescents with anorexia nervosa

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue 3 2001
Victor Fornari
Abstract Objective Although childhood sexual abuse has been a frequent focus of research on eating disorders, other forms of maltreatment have been less commonly reported. Parental medical neglect is examined in this study as having serious consequences for the treatment and prognosis of patients with anorexia nervosa. Method Two case studies illustrate parental interference with treatment in which Child Protective Services (CPS) had to be involved in compliance with state law. Two adolescent females who were admitted for treatment for anorexia nervosa are presented. Results In both cases, the parents refused to comply with the recommendations of the treatment team, placing their children's health in jeopardy. In compliance with reporting guidelines, CPS was notified in both cases. Conclusions Clinicians who treat minors with anorexia nervosa must consider parental compliance with treatment. Indications for the involvement of CPS are outlined. Optimally, this notification can ensure that the patient and family receive the requisite treatment. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 29: 358,362, 2001. [source]

Correlation of the Experience of Peer Relational Aggression Victimization and Depression among African American Adolescent Females,

Women's Sports Media, Self-Objectification, and Mental Health in Black and White Adolescent Females

Relationship between functional disc position and mandibular displacement in adolescent females: posteroanterior cephalograms and magnetic resonance imaging retrospective study

JOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 5 2002
S. Nakagawa
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the disc positions of temporomandibular joints (TMJ), the vertical and lateral mandibular displacement (VMD and LMD, respectively) and age in female adolescents with signs and symptoms of the temporomandibular disorders (TMD). The VMD and LMD were assessed, using posteroanterior (PA) cephalograms. The disc positions were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and categorized as follows: normal disc position, functional disc displacement and functional disc dislocation. Excluding patients with osteoarthritis, the total number of subjects was 54 female adolescents who were grouped into three: the bilateral normal disc position group, the unilateral or bilateral functional disc displacement group, and the unilateral or bilateral functional disc dislocation group. We compared the extent of VMD and LMD between the three groups, and investigated their correlation with age. Results indicate that functional disc displacement and dislocation are related to mandibular displacement, and VMD did not correlate with age but LMD did correlate with age. This study suggests that the onset of disc displacement is related to the mandibular displacement and disturbs normal growth of the mandible three-dimensionally. [source]

Middle-Class African American Parents' Conceptions of Parenting in Early Adolescence

JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE, Issue 2 2001
Judith Smetana
Conceptions of parenting were examined in 87 middle-class African American parents (87 mothers and 51 fathers) of early adolescents (M= 13.11 years of age). Using semistructured interviews, parents were queried about two developmentally salient issues of early adolescence: parental limit-setting and adolescent independence. Parents primarily defined firm limits in terms of nonnegotiation, strongly endorsed setting firm limits regarding a range of issues, and justified the importance of limits by focusing on adolescents' socialization and psychological development. Mothers rated limiting adolescents' behavior as more important than permitting or encouraging adolescents' independence. Limits were seen as more important by mothers of younger rather than older early adolescent females, but mothers encouraged independence more for younger rather than older early adolescent males. Mothers permitted independent decisions regarding a limited range of issues such as clothes and appearance, based on psychological concerns with adolescents' developing autonomy and competence; they encouraged independence primarily by encouraging greater responsibility. The results demonstrate that there is considerable heterogeneity in African American parents' beliefs and goals about parenting in early adolescence. [source]

Bone Mineral Density in Adolescent Women Using Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS, Issue 2 2004
Nancy H. Busen PhD
Purpose To present current data on bone mineral density (BMD) in adolescent women using the long-acting contraceptive depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and also to discuss the importance of developing maximal bone mass during adolescence to offset bone demineralization later in life. Data Sources Research-based articles in the medical literature, review articles, and recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics and the National Osteoporosis Foundation. Conclusions Osteoporosis is a preventable disease that affects millions of Americans, particularly older women. Factors influencing the attainment and maintenance of peak bone mass during childhood and adolescence affect the future risk of fractures. Although longitudinal studies conducted on adolescent women using DMPA are very limited, findings suggest that adolescents are losing bone density during a time of expected bone accretion. Implications for Practice Clinicians must consider all the risks and benefits when prescribing contraceptives to adolescents. By themselves, the findings related to BMD and DMPA use by adolescents are not sufficient to limit the use of DMPA as a contraceptive method. However, clinicians must take into account the addition of other modifying factors associated with BMD that may contribute to overall bone loss in adolescent females. More prospective data on the long-term use of DMPA by adolescents are needed to determine DMPA's effect on bone loss and to determine if bone loss is transient in adolescents. [source]

Bounded rationality and satisficing in young people's Web-based decision making

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 1 2002
Denise E. Agosto
This study investigated Simon's behavioral decision-making theories of bounded rationality and satisficing in relation to young people's decision making in the World Wide Web, and considered the role of personal preferences in Web-based decisions. It employed a qualitative research methodology involving group interviews with 22 adolescent females. Data analysis took the form of iterative pattern coding using QSR NUD*IST Vivo qualitative data analysis software. Data analysis revealed that the study participants did operate within the limits of bounded rationality. These limits took the form of time constraints, information overload, and physical constraints. Data analysis also uncovered two major satisficing behaviors,reduction and termination. Personal preference was found to play a major role in Web site evaluation in the areas of graphic/multimedia and subject content preferences. This study has related implications for Web site designers and for adult intermediaries who work with young people and the Web. [source]

Smoking as a Weight-Control Strategy among Adolescent Girls and Young Women: A Reconsideration

MEDICAL ANTHROPOLOGY QUARTERLY, Issue 3 2004
MIMI NICHTER
Many studies have reported that adolescent girls and young women smoke to control their weight. The majority of these studies are cross-sectional and report on correlational data from quantitative surveys. This article presents data from ethnographic interviews with 60 smokers, interviewed in high school and in follow-up interviews at age 21. Contrary to previous research, this study found little evidence for the sustained use of smoking as a weight-control strategy. In high school, smokers were no more likely than nonsmokers to be trying to lose weight. In the follow-up study, 85 percent of informants replied that they had never smoked as a way to control their weight. One-half of informants at age 21 believed that smoking as a weight-control strategy would be ineffective, while the other one-half had no idea whether it would work or not. Researchers need to exert caution in propagating the idea that smoking is commonly used as a conscious and sustained weight-control strategy among adolescent females and young women. [source]

Prevalence of overweight, obesity, and associated psychological problems in Qatari's female population

OBESITY REVIEWS, Issue 2 2006
A. Bener
Summary Dissatisfaction with body weight and the use of unhealthy weight reduction practices have been reported among adolescents. It is important to conduct rigorous studies using large representative samples of female adolescents to assess accurately the frequency of dieting, overweight and eating disorders and accompanying attitudes. The aim of the present study was to examine the severity of dieting and its association with obesity, body satisfaction and psychological problems in female adolescents. A representative sample of 800 girls aged 14,19 years were approached during the period of October to December 2004, and 566 girls gave consent and participated in the study, thus giving a response rate of 70.8%. Self-reports were obtained from 566 teenage girls using the Adolescent Dieting Scale and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) for psychopathology. Subjects were classified into three categories: acceptable weight (BMI < 25 kg m,2); overweight (BMI 25,29.9 kg m,2); and obese (BMI > 30 kg m,2). The prevalence of overweight and obesity for female adolescents were 13.4% vs. 1.8%; 39.9% were intermediate dieters, and 8.3% were extreme dieters. Dieting was not associated with age but was significantly associated with body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.045). Extreme dieting was strongly associated with peer perception of respondent's figure (P < 0.001) and self-perception of figure (P = 0.016). Additionally, in adult Qatari population overweight and obesity for males were (34.4% vs. 34.6%) and for females were (33.0% vs. 45.3%). This is significantly higher than adolescent girls. (P < 0.01). The SRQ score was significantly highest in the extreme dieters group (P = 0.005). The extreme dieters get most of their education about dieting from school (14.0%) and TV (43.6%). The present study revealed strong evidence for the association between frequent dieting and overweight, body image dissatisfaction and psychological problems among adolescent females. [source]

Disturbed eating behaviors in Taiwanese adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a comparative study

PEDIATRIC DIABETES, Issue 1 2009
Yu-Yun Alice Hsu
Objectives:, This study aimed to (i) compare disturbed eating behaviors in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) with a matched group of adolescents in Taiwan and (ii) examine the relationships of disturbed eating behaviors to body mass index (BMI) and metabolic control among adolescents with T1D. Methods:, A cross-sectional study was conducted in southern Taiwan. Seventy-one adolescents with T1D (aged 10,22 yr; 41 females and 29 males) were matched to a group of non-diabetic adolescents. Adolescents completed two self-reported measures of eating behavior, the Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh and the Eating Attitude Test-26. Metabolic control was assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin A1c levels. Results:, Both adolescent females and males with T1D had more symptoms of bulimia and bulimic behaviors than their non-diabetic peers. There were no group differences in the proportion of subthreshold eating disorders. BMI and metabolic control were significant factors predicting disturbed eating behaviors. Conclusions:, Both adolescent females and males with T1D exhibited a higher level of disturbed eating behaviors than their non-diabetic adolescent counterparts. Preventive programs that address disturbed eating behaviors should be provided for adolescents with T1D, particularly for adolescents with a high BMI and poor metabolic control. [source]

Sociodemographic determinants of growth among Malian adolescent females

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY, Issue 3 2010
Timothy F. Leslie
In Africa, research concerning the social determinants of poor nutritional status has typically focused on children under 5 years of age and has used defined categorical boundaries based on international reference standards. In this article, stunting and wasting of 1,157 Malian adolescent girls is measured through both categorical and continuous data. The focus on adolescent girls is significant because there is relatively little literature examining this group, and because adolescence marks the time when girls gain greater workload responsibilities, autonomy of food choices, and, as a result of the adolescent growth spurt, require the greatest amount of caloric intake respective to their weight since infancy. To differentiate stunting and wasting causes, a number of socioeconomic, geographic, and demographic factors are explored. The findings suggest that continuous data provides a basis for modeling stunting and wasting superior to utilizing international reference categories. Estimations show that decreasing age, the presence of servants, a greater number of wives in a compound, and residence in a large urban area correlate with improved nutritional status while wealthier families appear to correlate with greater stunting and wasting, and no correlation exists with estimated energy expenditure. Future studies should incorporate continuous data, and the need exists for greater analysis of social determinants of growth indicators among adolescent females. Further, these findings have significant implications in the development of nutrition intervention programs aimed at the vulnerable population in Mali, leading us to conclude that factors beyond socioeconomic indicators such as household structure and location should be more fully examined. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Impact of seasonal scarcity on energy balance and body composition in peasant adolescents from Calakmul, Campeche Mexico

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY, Issue 6 2007
José A. Alayón Gamboa
A time allocation and anthropometric study were performed on 46 male and 38 female adolescents from 16 peasant households from two different adaptive strategies in the municipio of Calakmul, Campeche Mexico to see if they could maintain energy balance during the annual scarcity season. These strategies were called: "household subsistence agricultural strategy" (HSA) and "household commercial agricultural strategy" (HCA). Each month, from June 2001 to May 2002, adolescents were measured and followed for 24 h. Their activities were recorded at 15 min intervals. Weight for age (W/A), height for age (H/A), body mass index (BMI), arm muscle area, arm fat area, total energy expenditure (TEE), activity energy expenditure (AEE), and basal metabolic rate (BMR) were estimated and the data compared between seasons using a repeated measurements analysis of variance. The results suggest that HCA offers their adolescents better buffering against seasonal scarcity, and that HSA males are better protected than females. HCA adolescents didn't show significant losses of weight, and HCA females lost body fat during the scarcity season. HSA vulnerability was observed in W/A and BMI z score reductions during the scarcity season. It also reflected itself in stunted adolescent males and adolescent females with fewer fat reserves. HSA adolescents reduced their BMR to down regulate their energy expenditure during the scarcity season without reducing TEE and physical activity levels. HSA females lost muscle mass during the scarcity season while HSA males didn't. This difference was associated with a more demanding work schedule throughout the year for females. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Prevalence of overweight among adolescent females in the United Arab Emirates

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY, Issue 6 2003
Huda M. Al-Hourani
The purpose of the study was to investigate the prevalence of overweight in adolescent females in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). A total of 898 females, ages 11,18 years, were recruited from five of the seven Emirates with the highest resident Emirati population. Height, weight, triceps skinfold thickness (TSF), and mid-upper-arm circumference were measured in each subject. Reference data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) were used for comparison. At risk for overweight or overweight were defined as a body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) ,85,95th percentile and ,95th percentile, respectively. Mean values for BMI and TSF at all ages were higher than the 50th percentile (median) of the NHANES reference data. Using the BMI classification, 14% and 9% of all subjects were classified as at risk for overweight or overweight, respectively. The proportion of subjects at risk for overweight ranged between 7,19% and the prevalence of overweight ranged between 6,15%. The proportion of subjects with a BMI ,85 percentile ranged from 15% at age 17 years to 33% at age 11 years. Furthermore, 27% and 28% of subjects ages 11 and 12 years, respectively, were above the TSF 90th percentile. These two age groups also showed a high prevalence of overweight using the BMI classification. In conclusion, the findings from our study suggest that a high proportion of adolescent females in the UAE are overweight or at risk for overweight. The consequences of this are a serious concern for public health and need to be addressed. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 15:758,764, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

The impact of age and gender on biology, clinical features and treatment outcome of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in childhood and adolescence

BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2005
Birgit Burkhardt
Summary We analysed the impact of age and gender on biology and outcome of 2084 patients diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) between October 1986 and December 2002 and treated according to the Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster (BFM) multicentre protocols NHL-BFM-86, -90 and -95. Median age at diagnosis was 8·0 years for 97 precursor B-lymphoblastic lymphoma (pB-LBL) patients, 8·8 years for 335 T-lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) patients, 8·4 years for 1004 Burkitt's lymphoma/leukaemia (BL/B-AL) patients, 11·4 years for 173 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (centroblastic subtype) (DLBCL-CB) patients, 13·2 years for 40 primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMLBL) patients and 10·8 years for 215 anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) patients (P < 0·00001). The male:female ratio was 0·9:1 for pB-LBL and PMLBL, 1·7:1 for DLBCL-CB, 1·8:1 for ALCL, 2·5:1 for T-LBL and 4·5:1 for BL/B-AL (P < 0·00001). The probability of event-free survival at 5 years (5-year pEFS) was 85 ± 1% for all 2084 patients [median follow-up 5·7 (0·1,15·9) years], and was significantly superior for male T-LBL and DLBCL-CB patients. Comparing age-groups 0,4, 5,9, 10,14 and 15,18 years, pEFS was inferior for the youngest patients only in the pB-LBL- and ALCL-groups. T-LBL and DLBCL-CB adolescent females had worse outcome than younger girls while age had no impact on pEFS for boys. We conclude that the distribution of age and gender differed between NHL-subtypes. The impact of gender on outcome differed between NHL subgroups. The prognostic impact of age differed not only by NHL-subtype but also according to gender in some subtypes. [source]