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Adolescent Boys (adolescent + boy)
Selected AbstractsThe Relation between Puberty and Psychological Distress in Adolescent BoysJOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE, Issue 1 2001Xiaojia Ge This longitudinal study examined the relation between puberty, as measured by both pubertal status and timing, and adjustment problems, as measured by externalized hostile feelings and internalized distress symptoms, among adolescent males in grades 7 through 10. The results showed that boys who were physically more developed in grade 7, compared with their less physically developed peers, manifested more externalized hostile feelings and internalized distress symptoms in grades 8 through 10. Pubertal timing was significantly related to both internalized distress and externalized hostile feelings. This relation remained statistically significant, even after controlling for grade 7 maladjustment symptoms and concurrent stressful life events. Several significant interaction effects emerged between pubertal timing and concurrent stressful life events. The significant long-term effect of the pubertal transition, independent of stressful life experiences and symptom continuity, suggests that the past undifferentiated view of the favorable influence of early maturation on males needs to be modified. [source] Body Weight Perception, Unhealthy Weight Control Behaviors, and Suicidal Ideation Among Korean AdolescentsJOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, Issue 12 2009Dong-Sik Kim DrPH ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: This study examined the mediating function of body weight perception (BWP) in the relation between body mass index (BMI) and unhealthy weight control behaviors (UWCBs; eg, fasting, using diet pills, or laxatives), and between BMI and suicidal ideation. It also explored the correlation between exposure to multiple UWCBs and suicidal ideation among Korean adolescents. METHODS: Data on BMI, BWP, UWCBs, and suicidal ideation were obtained from the 2006 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, a school-based survey conducted on a nationally representative sample of students in grades 7,12 (36,463 boys and 33,433 girls). Data were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: BMI was significantly associated with both UWCB and suicidal ideation among boys and girls, even after controlling for covariates. However, the significance and magnitude of the association between BMI and UWCB were considerably attenuated when BWP was added to the model. When BWP was included, the association between overweight BMI status and suicidal ideation became nonsignificant in both sexes, whereas the association between underweight BMI status and suicidal ideation remained significant among boys. Adolescent boys and girls engaging in multiple UWCBs were at greater risk for experiencing suicidal thoughts. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that BWP represents a potential mediator between BMI and UWCB, and between BMI and suicidal ideation among both boys and girls. Thus, school programs addressing issues related to BWP should be developed and targeted at adolescents to reduce the potential risks for both UWCB and suicidal behavior. [source] The management of severe dental phobia in an adolescent boy: a case reportINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 4 2000J. Levitt Dental fear is a widespread problem that represents one of the major barriers to dental care. This report describes a case study of a 12-year-old boy who presented with dental phobia characterized as ,fear of catastrophe', ,generalized dental fear' and ,fear of specific stimuli'. The referral came from his general dental practitioner who had been unable to carry out even the simplest dental procedure on him. The patient required prevention, conservation and root canal therapy. The case illustrates the use of physical strategies, including muscle relaxation and relaxation breathing; practice strategies, including graded exposure and cognitive strategies, combined with individual control methods and inhalation sedation to successfully complete the dental treatment plan. [source] The Kiss of Death and Cabal of Dons: Blackmail and Grooming in Georgian OxfordJOURNAL OF HISTORICAL SOCIOLOGY, Issue 4 2008GEORGE ROUSSEAU This article reconstructs the case of an Oxford University don accused of sexual impropriety in mid-eighteenth century England by an adolescent boy. It recreates the biographical and historical contexts involved in the scandal, and demonstrates what the various agendas and motivations were for the accusation, as well as explains how the case played itself out. The don's actions are shown to be far less straightforward than claimed by his adversaries. The chapter adds to the growing literature about adults and children in history. [source] Progression of oral snuff use among Finnish 13,16-year-old students and its relation to smoking behaviourADDICTION, Issue 4 2006Ari Haukkala ABSTRACT Aims To examine the progression of oral moist snuff use among adolescents and its relation to smoking behaviour and nicotine addiction. Design and setting A 3-year smoking prevention study in 27 schools of Helsinki, Finland, starting with the seventh grade to the ninth grade., Participants and measurements Pupils (n = 2816) completed questionnaires four times, which included information on smoking behaviour, snuff experiments, nicotine addiction (Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire) and other activities. Findings The prevalence of snuff experimentation rose among boys from 7% in the seventh grade to 43% 3 years later in the ninth grade, and among girls from 2% to 13% for the corresponding period. Among boys, smoking predicted later snuff use in all assessments and snuff experimentation predicted later weekly smoking. The impact of snuff experimentation upon later smoking experimentation was smaller than vice versa. Among boys active in sports, smoking was less common but snuff use was more common. Combined use was common; by the end of the follow-up only 10% of weekly smokers had not tried oral snuff. Nicotine dependence scores increased linearly with snuff use among weekly smokers., Conclusions Despite the European Union sales ban on oral snuff products since 1995, in Finland snuff use is common among boys. Although combined use of snuff and cigarettes is associated with higher levels of nicotine dependence among adolescent boys, the direction of causality is not known. Unlike cigarette smoking, oral snuff use was tried among boys who spent their free time with sports-related activities. [source] Visuo-spatial play experience: forerunner of visuo-spatial achievement in preadolescent and adolescent boys and girls?INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 1 2004Michèle Robert Abstract This cross-sectional study explored whether participation, from early childhood, in play involving different cognitive abilities predicts visuo-spatial achievement at ages 9, 12, and 15. Based on parental assessment, prior and present practice of spatial manipulation play was found to be consistently more frequent in boys than in girls; the reverse held true for verbal expression play. Whereas boys did not significantly outperform girls in three visuo-spatial tasks, girls were superior on a contrastive vocabulary task. In general, with IQ statistically controlled, regression analyses showed that estimated past and present spatial manipulation play predicted both genders' proficiency in the water-level task and Embedded Figures Test, as did mothers' socioeconomic status for Block Design performance. Contrastingly, a negative relation was established between spatial manipulation play and vocabulary scores. Similar to the activity-ability association often identified among adults, the relation established here between spatial play experience and visuo-spatial ability was only modest. Further research should aim at more definitive conclusions through augmenting both diversity in the visuo-spatial skills measured and sophistication in play behaviour appraisal. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Risk factors for body dissatisfaction in adolescent boys and girls: A prospective studyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue 4 2004Katherine Presnell Objective Despite evidence that body dissatisfaction predicts the onset of eating pathology and depression, few prospective studies have investigated predictors of body dissatisfaction. Method We examined risk factors for body dissatisfaction using prospective data from 531 adolescent boys and girls. Results Elevations in body mass, negative affect, and perceived pressure to be thin from peers, but not thin-ideal internalization, social support deficits, or perceived pressure to be thin from family, dating partners, or media, predicted increases in body dissatisfaction. Gender moderated the effect of body mass on body dissatisfaction and revealed a significant quadratic component for boys, but not girls. Gender also moderated negative affect. Discussion Results support the assertion that certain sociocultural, biologic, and interpersonal factors increase the risk for body dissatisfaction, but differ for boys and girls. Results provided little support for other accepted risk factors for body dissatisfaction. © 2004 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 36: 389,401, 2004. [source] Preonset Studies of Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia Tarda Caused by a Novel 2-Base Pair Deletion in SEDL Encoding Sedlin,JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, Issue 12 2001Steven Mumm Abstract Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda (SEDT), an X-linked recessive skeletal disorder, presents with disproportionate short stature and "barrel-chest" deformity in affected (hemizygous) adolescent boys. In four reported families to date, mutations in a gene designated SEDL (spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia late) cosegregate with SEDT. We diagnosed SEDT in a short-stature, kyphotic 15-year-old boy because of his characteristic vertebral malformations. Clinical manifestations of SEDT were evident in at least four previous generations. A novel 2-base pair (bp) deletion in exon 5 of SEDL was found in the propositus by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing of all four coding exons. The mutation ATdel241-242 cosegregated with the kindred's skeletal disease. The deletion is adjacent to a noncanonical splice site for exon 5 but does not alter splicing. Instead, it deletes 2 bp from the coding sequence, causing a frameshift. A maternal aunt and her three young sons were investigated subsequently. Radiographs showed subtle shaping abnormalities of her pelvis and knees, suggesting heterozygosity. X-rays of the spine and pelvis of her 8-year-old son revealed characteristic changes of SEDT, but her younger sons (aged 6 years and 3 years) showed no abnormalities. SEDL analysis confirmed that she and only her eldest boy had the 2-bp deletion. Molecular testing of SEDL enables carrier detection and definitive diagnosis before clinical or radiographic expression of SEDT. Although there is no specific treatment for SEDT, preexpression molecular testing of SEDL could be helpful if avoiding physical activities potentially injurious to the spine and the joints proves beneficial. [source] Life satisfaction in teenage boys: The moderating role of father involvement and bullyingAGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR, Issue 2 2002Eirini Flouri Abstract It has been suggested that bullying at school and low social support are related to relatively poor mental health in schoolchildren. Based on data from 1344 adolescent boys aged 13,19 years in Britain, this study explored whether father involvement, as an underestimated,in the related research,source of social support, can protect against low levels of satisfaction with life. Multiple regression analysis showed that low father involvement and peer victimization contributed significantly and independently to low levels of life satisfaction in adolescent boys. There was also evidence relating to a buffering effect of father involvement in that father involvement protected children from extreme victimization. Aggr. Behav. 28:126,133, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Prevalence and risk factors associated with antiretroviral resistance in HIV-1-infected childrenJOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 9 2007Constance Delaugerre Abstract In the USA and West Europe, nearly 80% of HIV-1-infected adults, experiencing virologic failure, harbored virus strain resistant to at least one antiretroviral drug. Limited data are available on antiretroviral drug resistance in pediatric HIV infection. The aims of this study were to analyze prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance and to identify risk factors associated with resistance in this population. Prevalence of genotypic resistance was estimated retrospectively in treated children who experienced virologic failure (with HIV-1-RNA,>,500 copies/ml) followed in Necker hospital between 2001 and 2003. Among 119 children with resistance testing, prevalence of resistance to any drug was 82.4%. Resistance ranged from 76.5% to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), to 48.7% to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) and 42.9% to protease inhibitor (PI). Resistance to at least one drug of two classes and three classes (triple resistance) was 31.9 and 26.9%, respectively. Resistance was not associated with geographic origin, HIV-1 subtype, and CDC status. In multivariate analysis, resistance to any drug remained associated independently with current low viral load and high lifetime number of past PI. Triple resistance was independently associated with the high lifetime number of past PI and with gender, particularly among children aged 11 years old or more with a prevalence seven times higher in boys than in girls. In conclusion, antiretroviral resistance is common among treated HIV-1-infected children and prevalence was similar with those observed in adult population in the same year period. However, adolescent boys seem to be at greater risk. J. Med. Virol. 79:1261,1269, 2007. © Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Sex influence on myocardial function with exercise in adolescentsAMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY, Issue 5 2010Thomas Rowland Objectives: Ventricular systolic functional response to exercise has been reported to be superior in adult men compared to women. This study explored myocardial responses to maximal upright progressive exercise in late pubertal males and females. Methods: Doppler echocardiographic techniques were utilized to estimate myocardial function response to a bout of progressive cycle exercise. Results: Systolic functional capacity, as indicated by ejection rate (12.5 ± 2.8 and 13.1 ± 1.0 [×10,2] ml s,1 cm,2 for boys and girls, respectively) and peak aortic velocity (208 ± 45 and 196 ± 12 cm s,1, respectively) at maximal exercise, did not differ between the two groups. Similarly, peak values as well as increases in transmitral pressure gradient (mitral E flow velocity), ventricular relaxation (tissue Doppler imaging E,), and left ventricular filling pressure (E/E, ratio) as estimates of diastolic function were similar in males and females. Conclusions: This study failed to reveal qualitative or quantitative differences between adolescent boys and girls in ventricular systolic or diastolic functional responses to maximal cycle exercise. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 22:680,682, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] All-Terrain Vehicle Safety and Use Patterns in Central Illinois YouthTHE JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH, Issue 1 2010John W. Hafner MD Abstract Context: All-terrain vehicles' (ATVs) popularity and associated injuries among children are increasing in the United States. Currently, most known ATV use pattern data are obtained from injured youth and little documented data exist characterizing the typical ATV use patterns and safety practices among American children in general. Purpose: To describe the typical ATV safety and use patterns of rural youth. Methods: A cross-sectional anonymous mail survey was conducted of youth participants (ages 8-18) in the 4-H Club of America in four Central Illinois counties. Questions examined ATV use patterns, safety knowledge, safety equipment usage, crashes, and injuries. Findings: Of 1,850 mailed surveys, 634 were returned (34% response rate) with 280 surveys (44% of respondents) eligible for analysis. Respondents were principally adolescent males from farms or rural locations. Most drove ,1 day per week (60.2%) and used ATVs for recreation (36%) or work (22.6%) on farms and/or private property (53.4%). Most never used safety gear, including helmets (61.4%), and few (14.6%) had received safety education. Of the 67% who experienced an ATV crash, almost half (44%) were injured. Children with safety training had fewer crashes (P= .01), and those riding after dark (P= .13) or without adult supervision (P= .042) were more likely injured. Conclusions: ATV use is common in a rural 4-H population. Most child ATV users were adolescent boys, had little safety training and did not use safety equipment or helmets. ATV injury prevention efforts should focus on these areas. [source] Effect of individualized weight-loss programmes on adiponectin, leptin and resistin levels in obese adolescent boysACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 9 2009M Elloumi Abstract Aim:, We investigate the effects of a 2-month weight-loss programme on plasma levels of adiponectin, leptin and resistin in obese adolescent boys. Methods:, Twenty-one obese adolescent boys (BMI = 30.8 ± 3.2 kg/m2) completed the weight-loss programme including: 1/ either energy restriction (R), 2/ or individualized exercise training at the point of maximum lipid oxidation (Lipoxmax) (E), 3/ or energy restriction and training (RE). Body composition, lipid oxidation and plasma levels of adiponectin, leptin and resistin were measured before and after intervention. Results:, Following the weight-loss programme, adolescents of the RE group showed an improvement of their body composition (p < 0.01), an increase in plasma adiponectin (+73.7%, p < 0.01) and a decrease in plasma leptin (,38.8%, p < 0.01) leading to an increase in adiponectine/leptin ratio (ALR, +144.4%, p < 0.01) higher than the R or E groups. E and RE groups only showed a similar significant increase in plasma resistin (p < 0.05) and a significant improvement of lipid oxidation rate at Lipoxmax (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001). In addition, in RE group, ALR is correlated with waist/hip and waist/height ratios, resistin level, homoeostasis mode assessment (HOMA-IR) index and Lipoxmax. Conclusion:, In obese adolescents boys, moderate exercise training completed at Lipoxmax and combined with energy restriction improves their ability to oxidize lipids, which is associated with a normalization of their adiponectin, leptin and resistin levels resulting in an improved insulin sensitivity, as attested by a higher ALR and a lower HOMA-IR. [source] | ||||||||||||||||