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Dosing Regime (dosing + regime)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	50%
Life Sciences	50%

Selected Abstracts

Successful treatment of cutaneous sarcoid by photodynamic therapy with minimal discomfort using a fractionated dosing regime

PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE, Issue 5 2009
Clare Patterson
We report the case of a 42-year-old lady with an 8-year history of a persistent tumid plaque on her forehead. Investigations and presentation were consistent with cutaneous sarcoid with no systemic involvement. Multiple topical and oral treatments had been ineffective. She received seven sessions of 5-aminolaevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (PDT) over the course of 16 months. Each treatment was delivered in discontinuous and fractionated time intervals. Improvement was seen after the first treatment and continued with subsequent treatments. She found the treatment almost painless and was pleased with the cosmetic outcome. We conclude that PDT is a useful therapy in the treatment of facial cutaneous sarcoid. Fractionated exposure may allow the treatment to be less painful and therefore better tolerated. [source]

(Pro3)GIP[mPEG]: novel, long-acting, mPEGylated antagonist of gastric inhibitory polypeptide for obesity-diabetes (diabesity) therapy

BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY, Issue 5 2008
P L McClean
Background and purpose: Antagonism of the gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) receptor with daily injection of proline-3 gastric inhibitory polypeptide ((Pro3)GIP) can reverse or prevent many of the metabolic abnormalities associated with diet-induced obesity-diabetes (diabesity). This study has examined the ability of a novel and longer-acting form of (Pro3)GIP, (Pro3)GIP mini-polyethylene glycol ((Pro3)GIP[mPEG]), to counter diet-induced diabesity in mice, using a daily and intermittent dosing regime. Experimental approach: We studied the actions of (Pro3)GIP[mPEG] at the GIP receptor in vitro and in vivo in both dietary and genetic diabesity. Key results: (Pro3)GIP[mPEG] was completely resistant to degradation by dipeptidyl peptidase IV. (Pro3)GIP[mPEG] inhibited GIP-induced cAMP and insulin production in vitro. A greater and prolonged antagonism of GIP-induced glucose-lowering action was followed (Pro3)GIP[mPEG] administration, compared with (Pro3)GIP. In contrast with (Pro3)GIP, mice injected once every 3 days for 48 days with (Pro3)GIP[mPEG] displayed reduced body weight gain and hyperinsulinemia with improved glucose tolerance and insulin secretory responses, compared with high-fat-fed controls. Daily i.p. injection of (Pro3)GIP, (Pro3)GIP[mPEG] or (Pro3)GIP b.i.d. for 21 days also decreased body weight, circulating plasma insulin levels and improved glucose tolerance, compared with high-fat controls. Plasma triglycerides were decreased by (Pro3)GIP[mPEG] and (Pro3)GIP b.i.d. treatment groups. The observed changes were accompanied by enhancement of insulin sensitivity in all treatment regimes. (Pro3)GIP[mPEG] was also effective over 16 days treatment of genetically obese-diabetic ob/ob mice. Conclusions and implications: These data demonstrate the utility of GIP receptor antagonism for the treatment of diabesity and the potential offered by (Pro3)GIP[mPEG] as a long-acting stable GIP receptor antagonist. British Journal of Pharmacology (2008) 155, 690,701; doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.317; published online 11 August 2008 [source]

Dietary exposure to low pesticide doses causes long-term immunosuppression in the leopard frog (Rana pipiens)

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY, Issue 6 2007
Anathea Albert
Abstract This study examines the relationship between dietary exposure of pesticides, DDT, and dieldrin and immunosuppression in the northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens). Immune function was measured before, during, and after a 10-week exposure period with the use of both adaptive and innate immunity responses. Exposure to low doses (75 ng/g body wt DDT or 2.1 ng/g dieldrin total dose over the 10 weeks) resulted in significant suppressive effects on antibody production and secondary delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH). The high doses (750 ng/g DDT and 21 ng/g dieldrin), however, did not affect antibody production, DTH, or oxidative burst in a predictable dose,response manner. The differences in magnitude and direction of the effects of the two dosing regimes were likely due to differences in chemical exposure on the basis of feeding and effectiveness of chemical uptake. The low dose results demonstrated that moderate concentrations of pesticides, frequently observed in the environment, are able to weaken the immune response of R. pipiens. [source]

Pharmacologic transgene control systems for gene therapy

THE JOURNAL OF GENE MEDICINE, Issue 5 2006
Wilfried Weber
Abstract Pharmacologic transgene-expression dosing is considered essential for future gene therapy scenarios. Genetic interventions require precise transcription or translation fine-tuning of therapeutic transgenes to enable their titration into the therapeutic window, to adapt them to daily changing dosing regimes of the patient, to integrate them seamlessly into the patient's transcriptome orchestra, and to terminate their expression after successful therapy. In recent years, decisive progress has been achieved in designing high-precision trigger-inducible mammalian transgene control modalities responsive to clinically licensed and inert heterologous molecules or to endogenous physiologic signals. Availability of a portfolio of compatible transcription control systems has enabled assembly of higher-order control circuitries providing simultaneous or independent control of several transgenes and the design of (semi-)synthetic gene networks, which emulate digital expression switches, regulatory transcription cascades, epigenetic expression imprinting, and cellular transcription memories. This review provides an overview of cutting-edge developments in transgene control systems, of the design of synthetic gene networks, and of the delivery of such systems for the prototype treatment of prominent human disease phenotypes. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]