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Distinctive Characters (distinctive + character)
Selected AbstractsULTRASTRUCTURE AND LSU rDNA,BASED REVISION OF PERIDINIUM GROUP PALATINUM (DINOPHYCEAE) WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF PALATINUS GEN.JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY, Issue 5 2009The name Peridinium palatinum Lauterborn currently designates a freshwater peridinioid with 13 epithecal and six cingular plates, and no apical pore complex. Freshwater dinoflagellate floras classify it in Peridinium group palatinum together with P. pseudolaeve M. Lefèvre. General ultrastructure, flagellar apparatus, and pusular components of P. palatinum were examined by serial section TEM and compared to P. cinctum (O. F. Müll.) Ehrenb. and Peridiniopsis borgei Lemmerm., respectively, types of Peridinium and Peridiniopsis. Partial LSU rDNA sequences from P. palatinum, P. pseudolaeve and several peridinioids, woloszynskioids, gymnodinioids, and other dinoflagellates were used for a phylogenetic analysis. General morphology and tabulation of taxa in group palatinum were characterized by SEM. Differences in plate numbers, affecting both the epitheca and the cingulum, combine with differences in plate ornamentation and a suite of internal cell features to suggest a generic-level distinction between Peridinium group palatinum and typical Peridinium. The branching pattern of the phylogenetic tree is compatible with this conclusion, although with low support from bootstrap values and posterior probabilities, as are sequence divergences estimated between species in group palatinum, and typical Peridinium and Peridiniopsis. Palatinus nov. gen. is proposed with the new combinations Palatinus apiculatus nov. comb. (type species; syn. Peridinium palatinum), P. apiculatus var. laevis nov. comb., and P. pseudolaevis nov. comb. Distinctive characters for Palatinus include a smooth or slightly granulate, but not areolate, plate surface, a large central pyrenoid penetrated by cytoplasmic channels and radiating into chloroplast lobes, and the presence of a peduncle-homologous microtubular strand. Palatinus cells exit the theca through the antapical-postcingular area. [source] The Temporary Staffing Industry: Growth Imperatives and Limits to Contingency,ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY, Issue 4 2002Nik Theodore Abstract: The temporary staffing industry (TSI) in the United States has enjoyed explosive growth since the 1970s, during which time the market for temporary labor has become increasingly complex and diverse. Rather than focus, as has typically been done, on the wider labor market effects of this sustained expansion in temporary employment, this article explores patterns and processes of industrial restructuring in the TSI itself. The analysis reveals a powerfully recursive relationship among evolving TSI business practices, the industry's strategies for building and extending the market, and urban labor market outcomes as the sector has grown through a series of qualitatively differentiated phases of development or "modes of growth." Moreover, the distinctive character of the TSI's geographic rollout raises a new set of questions concerning, inter alia, the links between temping and labor market deregulation, the nature of local competition, the scope for and limits of value-adding strategies, and the emerging global structure of the temp market. This idiosyncratic industry,which has been a conspicuous beneficiary of growing economic instability,has, throughout the past three decades, restructured continuously through a period of sustained but highly uneven growth. In so doing, it has proved to be remarkably inventive in extending the market for contingent labor, but has encountered a series of (possibly structural) obstacles to further expansion in its domestic market. These obstacles, in turn, have triggered an unprecedented phase of international integration in the TSI, along with a new mode of development,global growth. [source] Denominational Difference in Quaker Relief Work During the Spanish Civil War: The Operation of Corporate Concern and Liberal TheologiesJOURNAL OF RELIGIOUS HISTORY, Issue 2 2000Farah MendlesohnArticle first published online: 19 DEC 200 The denominational differences between American and British relief workers in the Spanish Civil War are not immediately obvious, and cannot be identified by simple reference to the ideologies of the societies with which they claimed allegiance. This is both because orthodox American Quakerism and the theology of the London Yearly Meeting were very similar in the first half of the twentieth century, and because, when we attempt to compare the two groups, we are not comparing like with like. Those who worked for the (British) Friends Service Council (FSC) , and they came from a number of countries , were representing the witness of the London Society of Friends. Those who worked for the American Friends Service Committee (AFSC) were representing only the theology of that committee. In the 1920s the denominational identities of the American Quakers were beginning to settle into patterns which we recognize in the twentieth century. As part of this settlement American Quakers tentatively agreed to cooperate in matters of relief, a cooperation which produced the AFSC. However, in order to walk the precarious tightrope of interdenominational tension, the AFSC was forced to develop its own independent identity and its own distinctive character. While the AFSC is not a denomination in the usual sense of the word, it is possible to see it as possessing its own culture and theologies. It has a cohesiveness that allows us to compare practice and belief with that of the FSC where it is not possible to make a comparison between American and British workers in this context , in part, because very few of the "British" in Spain were actually British , nor to compare the British and American Societies. This paper will attempt, through focusing on the place of the Peace Testimony in the relief work in which the two sets of Friends were engaged, to indicate the differences of theology and practice displayed by the two "denominations." However, this paper should be recognized as part of a larger and longer work engaged in considering the role played by the Testimony of Social Justice in the working out of the Quaker Peace Witness in the middle years of the twentieth century. [source] A New Family Of Coleoids From The Lower Jurassic Of Osteno, Northern ItalyPALAEONTOLOGY, Issue 6 2000Alessandro Garassino The discovery of well preserved and almost complete fossil coleoid cephalopods near Osteno in northern Italy has allowed the original study of a single specimen by Pinna (1972) to be enhanced. The unusual structure of the ten arms, showing a clear differentiation in the shape of the arm hooks (long and thin on six arms and short and stocky on the other four), is a distinctive character which is not present in any Jurassic family of coleoids known to date. We distinguish two new genera: Ostenoteuthis, with the species O. siroi sp. nov., and Uncinoteuthis, with the species U. cuvieri sp. nov. The new family Ostenoteuthidae (Order uncertain) is erected for them. The systematic position of this family within the fossil coleoids is discussed. [source] Notes on South American Valerianaceae IIIFEDDES REPERTORIUM, Issue 5-6 2005F. Weberling Professor em. Valeriana andinaBritton and Valeriana mandoniiBritton, described from Bolivia, cannot strictly be separated by reliable distinctive characters. Therefore ValerianaandinaBritton is included into Valeriana mandoniiBritton as follows: V. mandoniiBritton subsp. andina (Britton) Weberlingstat. nov. The descriptions of Valeriana tuberiferaGraebn. and V. bulbosaWedd. were completed and reliable diagnostic characters between both species were accentuated. Valeriana fonckiiPhil. (not: fonkii ) is the correct spelling of the species described by R. A. Philippi (1856) in honor to his friend Dr. Franz Fonck. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) Entre Valeriana andinaBritton y Valeriana mandoniiBritton, descripta para Bolivia, no se han encontrado características morfológicas para distinguir ambas especies strictamente, por eso se considera una nueva combinación: ValerianamandoniiBritton subsp. andina (Britton) Weberlingstat. nov. Valeriana tuberiferaGraebn. fue descripta para Bolivia, pero aparentemente ha quedado relativamente inconocida y en collecciones hecho recientemente fue confundida con V. bulbosaWedd., que igualmente esta provechada con bulbos pero se difere de V. tuberifera por sus hojas mas angostas de solamente 1 por 1 cm de ancho. Por eso hemos probado completar la descripción de esta especie marcando los caracteres distinctivos entre ambas especies. Valeriana fonckiiPhil. (no: fonkii ) es el modo correcto de escritura de la especie descrito de R. A. Philippi (1856) en honor su amigo Dr. Franz Fonck. Die für Bolivien beschriebenen Arten ValerianaandinaBritton und Valeriana mandoniiBritton lassen sich nicht streng durch zuverlässige Merkmale unterscheiden. ValerianaandinaBritton wird daher als subsp. andina (Britton) Weberlingstat. nov. zu Valeriana mandoniiBritton gestellt. Die für Bolivien beschriebene Valeriana tuberiferaGraebn. blieb offenbar lange Zeit hindurch relativ unbeachtet, wurde in jüngeren Aufsammlungen jedoch häufig mit der gleichfalls knollentragenden V. bulbosaWedd. verwechselt. Wir haben daher versucht, die Beschreibung beider Arten unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Unterschiede zwischen Valeriana tuberifera und V. bulbosa zu vervollständigen. Valeriana fonckiiPhil. (nicht: fonkii ) lautet die korrekte Schreibweise der von R. A. Philippi (1856) beschriebenen und zu Ehren des Sammlers, seines Freundes Dr. Franz Fonck, benannten Art. [source] Notes on South American Valerianaceae IIFEDDES REPERTORIUM, Issue 5-6 2004F. Weberling Professor em. Entre ValerianapotopensisBriq., descripta para Bolivia, y Valeriana humahuacensisBorsini, descripta para Jujuy, la provincia contigua de la Argentina, no se han encontrado características morfológicas para distinguir ambas especies, por eso éstas estarían unidas bajo del nombre ValerianapotopensisBriq. Por otra parte Valeriana bolivianaBritton y Valeriana bangianaGraebn., serían según Graebner (1906) dos especies distintas, pero no dió caracteres seguros para diferen-ciarlas. En este trabajo se observa que la forma de los frutos de los materiales tomados como tipo y paratipos es diferente, frutos ovados, como descripto para V. boliviana, se observan en unos paratipos, también se ven frutos ancho-ovados con un margen grueso, pero los del lectotipo V. boliviana (Rusby 871 NY) tienen un contorno casi circular como una lenteja, con un margen tenue, casi membranoso como los del lectotipo de V. bangiana (Bang 2415 G). Ni los caracteres vegetativos ni los caracteres de los frutos serían suficientes para poder distinguir V. bangianaGraebn. 1906 de V. bolivianaBritton 1891 como especies separadas. Se observa también que Valeriana variabilisGraebn. sería una forma de Valeriana warburgiiGraebn. La primera especie solo se distinguiría por caracteres poco manifiestos como el indumento de los frutos y los pelos frecuentemente se pierden durante de la maduración de los mismos, estos caracteres no serían suficientes para separar las dos especies. Por lo tanto se considera una nueva combinación, Valeriana warburgiiGraebn. subsp. variabilis(Graebn.) Weberling stat. nov. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) ValerianapotopensisBriq., described from Bolivia, and Valeriana humahuacensisBorsini, described from Jujuy, the neighbouring province of Argentina, cannot be distinguished by reliable distinctive characters. This applies especially to the indument of the fruits, since the fruits of Valeriana often become increasingly glabrescent in advanced stages of development, with the mature fruits being completely bald. Therefore both species should be united under the older name ValerianapotopensisBriq. According to Graebner (1906) Valeriana bangianaGraebn., is to be regarded as separate species, differing from Valeriana bolivianaBritton by its vigorous densely foliated stem, a character cer-tainly insufficient for a reliable identification. The fruits of V. boliviana are described as "ovatis", which is confirmed by the para-type material of the Mandon collections. In the paratypes the fruits were found to be lanceolate-ovate (Rusby872) or broadly ovate with prominent nerves and a thickened solid margin (Rusby875). However, the fruits of the holotype Rusby 871 (Fig. 12a, b) present a different shape: compressed fruits of nearly circular outline, with a broad flattened some-what membraneous marginal ring. The same form of fruits, although considerably larger, was found in the type material of Valeriana bangiana. Because of the overlapping of the vegetative characters as well as the forms of the fruits V. bangianaGraebn. 1906 cannot be clearly separated from V. bolivianaBritton 1891, and is included into this species. Valeriana warburgiiGraebn. and V. variabilisGraebn. too cannot be separated at species level because of over-lapping characters. Again the indumentum of the fruits is apparently according to several authors the best key character, but is not at all reliable. However, the outline of the fruits shows some differences. Therefore V. variabilis is included into V. warburgii as follows: V. warburgiiGraebn. subsp. variabilis(Graebn.) Weberling stat. nov. [source] Notes on South American Valerianaceae I,FEDDES REPERTORIUM, Issue 7-8 2003F. Weberling Professor Dr. A new species of Belonanthus, Belonanthus theodorici sp. nova, is described. It is characterized by spathulate foliage leaves, the ovate blades of which are rather distinctly contracted into a long and narrow sheathing petiole and bear a dense covering with long hairs, giving the surface of the rosette a silvery sheen. In the monothyrsoid inflorescence the peduncles (hypopodia) of the lower partial inflorescences are considerably elongated. , Valeriana micropterinaWedd., V. poterioidesGraebn., V. thalictroidesGraebn. and V.aspleniifoliaKillip are included into Valeriana microptera. , For Valeriana fonkiiPhil. and V. radicalisClos reliable distinctive characters are named. , For Valeriana decussataRuiz & Pav. virescent calices with green sepals are described and illustrated. Anmerkungen zu südamerikanischen Valerianaceae I Es wird eine neue Belonanthus -Art aus Peru, Belonanthus theodorici sp. nova beschrieben. Diese ist gekennzeichnet durch ihre silberhaarigen Laubblätter und den Bau ihrer Infloreszenzen, deren cymöse Partialinfloreszenzen teilweise mit langgestreckten Hypopodien ausgestattet sind. Valeriana micropterinaWedd., V. poterioidesGraebn., V. thalictro-idesGraebn. und V. aspleniifoliaKillip sind unter dem Namen der erstgenannten vereinigt. Für Valeriana fonkiiPhil. und V. radicalisClos werden verlässliche Unterscheidungsmerkmale genannt. Vergrünte, mit sepaloiden Kelchblättern ausgestattete Kelche werden für Valeriana decussataRuiz & Pav. beschrieben und abgebildet. [source] Large genetic divergence of new, morphologically similar species of sterile lichens from Europe (Lepraria, Stereocaulaceae, Ascomycota): concordance of DNA sequence data with secondary metabolitesCLADISTICS, Issue 4 2008Judith Fehrer Lichenized fungi of the genus Lepraria are known for their paucity of morphological characters. Species identification is therefore largely based on secondary chemistry. We investigated different chemotypes of the morphologically highly similar L. jackii species complex by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing. In phylogenetic analyses including all available Lepraria species, samples belonging to different chemotypes of the L. jackii agg. corresponded to four highly divergent clusters. While true L. jackii was genetically uniform, the other three clades represented previously unrecognized species. They originated from different major speciation events, and two of them were not closely related to any other species. Assessment of intraspecific genetic variability revealed four different patterns with respect to geographic scale. ITS sequences proved to be the most reliable and distinctive characters for species recognition in the Lepraria jackii complex and were in accordance with chemical and ecogeographic data. Frequent occurrence of long branches, relatively few resolved relationships despite high genetic variability, and the discovery and description of a considerable part of the Lepraria species within the last 10 years suggest that the genus is probably much larger than currently known. The diversification of this asexual group in the potential absence of recombination is discussed. © The Willi Hennig Society 2008. [source] | |||||||||||||